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P>FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA Y FARMACIA ““PPPrreeddiicccciióónn ddee llaa aaccttiivviiddaadd aannttiimmmaalláárriiccaa eemmmpplleeaannddoo eell mmmééttooddoo TTTOOOMMMOOOCCCOOOMMDDD--CCCAAARRRDDDDDD”” Autor: Luis Gastón Conyedo Carvajal Tutores: Msc. Luis Alberto Torres Gómez Dr. Yovani Marrero Ponce Curso: 2006-2007 A mi madre, el motor principal de mi Vida y cuanto soy… A mi padre que me enseñó que el conocimiento nunca está de más y que siempre es valioso y útil en nuestras Vidas… Abuelo no conocí ni conozco a nadie como tú… "Allí, donde encontré seres vivos, encontré la voluntad de poder." Federico Nietzsche Agradecimientos Es un tanto difícil agradecer en este pedazo de papel y de esta manera a tantas personas que a diario van marcando tu vida sin olvidar siempre a alguien, pero no por eso quiere decir que no agradezca lo que cada “uno” ha hecho y debo comenzar de alguna manera. Al Luiso por ser el primero en introducirme en este mundo, cuando aun no sabía que era el desarrollo científico en la UCLV, pero creo que pudimos más. A mi familia, sobre todo a mi madre, mi padre, mi tío y mi hermano, sin dejar de mencionar a Wilder al que considero también como uno, por darme el apoyo para seguir adelante. Al chopo por aceptarme como tesiante y convertirse en mi amigo también. A mi Nena, por entender finalmente que estos momentos de trabajo eran imprescindibles, y por brindarme apoyo en todos los sentidos posibles. Al Durán y al Migue Cabrera por no decir “no” cuando necesité de ellos, que no fueron pocas las ocasiones, y sacarme de grandes aprietos. A todos mis profesores pues de ellos aprendí mucho, incluso de algunos, a como no quiero ser o el camino que no quiero tomar. En especial a Raúl por despertar de manera adecuada el bichito de “la curiosidad” y a no conformarme en el saber… Al Flaco y al Gerard, vitales asesores para este trabajo… A los amigos (todos), porque la amistad es algo en lo que creo fehacientemente, que son sustento en buenas y malas. A Dora mi Vieja caramba, que la vida te puso ahí en el momento justo, sino me hubiese vuelto loco. Ramón Bravo, Siempre dispuesto a medir mis conocimientos de manera inteligente y te lo agradezco, sin dejar de contar todo lo que de ti aprendí. Indice DDedicatoria....................................................................................................................................................................edicatoria.................................................................................................................................................................... I AAgradecimientosgradecimientos . ..........................................................................................................................................................II.........................................................................................................................................................II ÍÍndice..........................................................................................................................................................................IIIndice..........................................................................................................................................................................III RResumen.......................................................................................................................................................................Vesumen.......................................................................................................................................................................V IIntroducción..................................................................................................................................................................1ntroducción..................................................................................................................................................................1 PProblemaroblema CCientífico:ientífico:........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 HHipótesis:ipótesis:...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 OObjetivos:bjetivos:.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 GGeneral:eneral: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 EEspecíficos:specíficos:............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 RREVISIÓNEVISIÓN BBIBLIOGRÁFICA....................................................................................................................................4IBLIOGRÁFICA....................................................................................................................................4 IIntroducciónntroducción a llaa MMalariaalaria.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 LLaa EEnfermedadnfermedad...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 EEll PParásitoarásito .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 BBioquímicaioquímica ddelel PParásitoarásito .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 ÍÍndicesndices gglobaleslobales ddee llaa MMalariaalaria .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 111 RResistenciaesistencia .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 122 IInmunidadnmunidad .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 133 DDrogasrogas uusadassadas eenn eell ttratamientoratamiento y pprofilaxisrofilaxis ddee llaa mmalariaalaria...................................................................................................................................... 1 144 QQuininauinina y QQuinidinauinidina.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 144 HHistoriaistoria .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 144 MMecanismoecanismo ddee aaccióncción.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 155 AAplicacionesplicaciones tterapéuticaserapéuticas .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 166 RReaccioneseacciones aadversasdversas ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 166 CCloroquinaloroquina.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 177 HHistoriaistoria 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