DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 7: Search for New Fire Suppressant Chemicals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 7: Search for New Fire Suppressant Chemicals Chapter 7: SEARCH FOR NEW FIRE J. Douglas Mather, Ph.D. SUPPRESSANT CHEMICALS Chemical Development Studies, Inc. Robert E. Tapscott, Ph.D. GlobeTech, Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.1 Fire Suppressant Replacement Knowledge Prior to the NGP .........................................612 7.1.1 Overview of Early Halon Replacement Efforts ....................................................612 7.1.2 Fire Suppressant Research – 1974 Through 1993.................................................613 7.1.3 DoD Technology Development Plan (1993 to 1997)............................................615 7.1.4 Advanced Agent Working Group (AAWG) .........................................................616 7.1.5 Summary: Alternative Agents and Selection Criteria Prior to the NGP ...............622 7.2 The NGP Approach to New Chemicals Screening..........................................................612 7.3 NGP Surveys of Inorganic Chemical Families................................................................612 7.3.1 Main Group Elements - Group I............................................................................626 7.3.2 Main Group Elements - Group II ..........................................................................627 7.3.3 Main Group Elements - Group III.........................................................................627 7.3.4 Main Group Elements - Group IV.........................................................................628 7.3.5 Main Group Elements - Group V..........................................................................634 7.3.6 Main Group Elements - Group VI.........................................................................645 7.3.7 Main Group Elements - Group VIII (Noble Gases) ..............................................646 7.3.8 Transition Metal Based Compounds .....................................................................646 7.3.9 Inorganic Chemicals - Conclusions.......................................................................647 7.4 NGP Surveys of Organic Compounds .............................................................................647 7.4.1 Highly Efficient Thermal Agents..........................................................................647 7.4.2 Tropodegradable Candidate Compounds ..............................................................658 7.4.3 Bromofluoroalkenes ..............................................................................................662 7.4.4 Fluoroalkoxide and Fluoroalkyl Phosphorus Compounds ....................................665 7.4.5 Fluoroalkyl Nitrogen-based Candidates................................................................680 7.4.6 Bromofluoroalkyl Nitrogen-based Candidates......................................................685 7.4.7 Fluorinated Ethers .................................................................................................687 7.4.8 Bromofluoroethers.................................................................................................691 7.4.9 Bromofluorooxiranes.............................................................................................694 7.4.10 Bromofluoro / Fluorinated Aldehydes and Ketones..............................................695 7.4.11 Bromofluoro Alcohols...........................................................................................695 7.4.12 Iodinated Hydrocarbons ........................................................................................696 7.5 Chemical Family Options and Replacement Issues.........................................................700 7.5.1 Suppressant Criteria and Selection Constraints.....................................................700 7.5.2 General Conclusions..............................................................................................701 7.6 References........................................................................................................................702 612 Search for New Fire Suppressant Chemicals 7.1 FIRE SUPPRESSANT REPLACEMENT KNOWLEDGE PRIOR TO THE NGP 7.1.1 Overview of Early Halon Replacement Efforts As described in Chapter 1 of this book, in the years following the Army-Purdue study, there was extensive scientific and engineering research that led to the commercialization and widespread use of halon 1301. Following the adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987, organized efforts to identify replacements were initiated by a broad range of governmental and non-governmental groups. These efforts were hastened in the United States by the planned phase-out of production of halon 1301 (CF3Br) and halon 1211 (CF2ClBr) by the end of 1993. The replacement of halon 1301 presented some daunting challenges. Halon 1301 is unique as a brominated halocarbon. Its -58 °C boiling point is the lowest of the bromofluoroalkane chemical family, and its toxicity is quite low. It is an efficient fire suppressant and explosion inertant. It has great dimensionality (space filling), high tolerance to less than optimal discharge technique, and excellent chemical stability. Early results showed that a small change in the molecule could lead to large and conflicting effects on key performance properties. For example, the replacement of a fluorine atom by a hydrogen atom to produce halon 1201 (CF2HBr) reduced the estimated atmospheric lifetime from 65 years to 15 years, but raised the boiling point to -15 °C. Nonetheless, the search for alternatives to the firefighting halons began as a quest for a "drop-in," a chemical that would fit into existing fire suppression systems and perform just like or better than the halon it was replacing. During the early years of this research, there were frequent changes in thinking among those involved in identifying new chemicals. For instance, it was realized that instead of a single drop-in replacement being identified for halon 1301 (as well as halon 1211) the world of fire suppression applications was going to see a broad range of new agents and technologies. Furthermore, the criteria for environmental acceptability changed. With the emphasis on dramatic reductions in both stratospheric ozone depletion effects and atmospheric global warming potentials, the research focus shifted to identifying short atmospheric lifetime molecules. These compounds incorporate structural components that are reactive with atmospheric constituents of the atmosphere or are photochemically reactive, as shown in Table 7–1. Table 7–1. Tropospheric Removal Mechanisms. Primary Removal Mechanism Example Families Photodegradation Iodides, carbonyls, bromides Reaction with hydroxyl radicals Alkenes, aromatics, hydrogen-containing amines, hydrogen- containing ethers, carbonyls Physical removal Ketones, alcohols, esters Reaction with tropospheric ozone Alkenes Risk assessment based toxicity tests and limits were identified, and understanding of situational toxicological constraints underwent considerable evolution. Some chemical options considered for halon replacement (e.g., the perfluorocarbons) were at first embraced, but later discarded as understanding of global warming impact issues developed. By the time NGP research began in 1997, these efforts had resulted in the birth of new fire extinguishment technologies, a broader view of the chemical options available, and emerging Fire Suppressant Replacement Knowledge Prior to the NGP 613 understanding of the dynamics of fire suppression under the adverse conditions encountered during the suppression of in-flight fires in aircraft. The following is a brief summary of these activities and their outcomes. 7.1.2 Fire Suppressant Research - 1974 Through 1993 Scientists at the Naval Research Laboratory had begun investigation of the principles of fire suppression by halon 1301 as early as 1974. This was driven by the Naval Air System Command's desire for a more efficient agent for suppressing in-flight fires. The outcome of this and the few contemporary efforts are summarized in Reference 1. As Rowland and Molina's finding that such compounds could deplete stratospheric ozone became well-known, this research broadened to a variety of fire suppression related 2,3 4,5 topics and potential chemical agents. Research at NRL also studied CF3I flame extinguishment and conducted studies of hydrogen fluoride (HF) byproduct formation resulting from halon 1301 fire extinguishment.6,7 Beginning in the mid-1980s, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) sponsored research at the New Mexico Engineering Research Institute (NMERI) on “first generation” halon replacement candidates focused on chemicals that were or soon would be readily available and that had a significant amount of known toxicological information.8 This strategy was adopted for two reasons: 1. Available chemicals could be tested at relatively low cost to determine effectiveness in firefighting scenarios, and 2. Toxicological testing of candidates was expensive and time consuming. Chemicals developed primarily as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacements were the major focus as first- generation replacements. Relatively large quantities of these chemicals were available, and manufacturers were supporting toxicological testing, as these chemicals were often being considered for applications as refrigerants, solvents, and foam blowing agents, in addition to fire suppression. This strategy proved successful in that a number of halon replacement candidates were identified that were readily available for testing that had a significant amount of toxicity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Some reactions of phosphorus compounds as studied by 31p nmr techniques Nisbet, M. P. How to cite: Nisbet, M. P. (1976) Some reactions of phosphorus compounds as studied by 31p nmr techniques, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8177/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk To Mum, Dad, and Steven Everything in this universe is made of one element which is a note, a single note. Atoms are really vibrations, you know, which are extensions of the BIG note. Everything is one note, even the ponies. Francis Vincent Zappa 1967 Declaration The work described in this thesis was carried out in the University of Durham between September 19 72 and July 1975. This work has not been submitted, either completely or in part, for a degree in this or any other university and is the original work of the author except where acknowledged by reference.
    [Show full text]
  • A Fast-Response Methodological Approach to Assessing and Managing
    Ecological Engineering 85 (2015) 47–55 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Engineering jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecoleng A fast-response methodological approach to assessing and managing nutrient loads in eutrophic Mediterranean reservoirs a,∗ a a Bachisio Mario Padedda , Nicola Sechi , Giuseppina Grazia Lai , a b a a Maria Antonietta Mariani , Silvia Pulina , Cecilia Teodora Satta , Anna Maria Bazzoni , c c a Tomasa Virdis , Paola Buscarinu , Antonella Lugliè a University of Sassari, Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy b University of Cagliari, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy c EN.A.S. Ente Acque della Sardegna, Settore della limnologia degli invasi, Viale Elmas 116, 09122 Cagliari, Italy a r a t i b s c l e i n f o t r a c t Article history: With many lakes and other inland water bodies worldwide being increasingly affected by eutrophication Received 13 July 2015 resulting from excess nutrient input, there is an urgent need for improved monitoring and prediction Received in revised form 8 September 2015 methods of nutrient load effects in such ecosystems. In this study, we adopted a catchment-based Accepted 19 September 2015 approach to identify and estimate the direct effect of external nutrient loads originating in the drainage basin on the trophic state of a Mediterranean reservoir. We also evaluated the trophic state variations Keywords: related to the theoretical manipulation of nutrient inputs. The study was conducted on Lake Cedrino, a Eutrophication typical warm monomictic reservoir, between 2010 and 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11) E Re
    United States Patent (19) 11) E Re. 30,279 Toy et al. (45) Reissued May 20, 1980 54 PROCESS FOR PREPARING ALKYLOR 3,813,435 5/1974 Wood et al. ...................... 260/543 P ARYL PHOSPHORUS HALOES AND 3,847,979 1/1974 Richards .......................... 260/543 P MXED SOMERS THEREOF FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Arthur D. F. Toy, Stamford, Conn.; 1184767 3/1970 United Kingdom ................. 260/543 P Eugene H. Uhing, Ridgewood, N.J. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 73) Assignee: Stauffer Chemical Company, Westport, Conn. Ethyl Corp., Development Products Bulletin, Feb. 1969. 21 Appl. No.: 854 Richard et al., “J.A.C.S.", vol. 83 (1961), pp. 1722-1726. (22 Filed: Jan. 4, 1979 Kosolapoff, "Organo Phos. Comps.", pp. 152, 162 (1950). Related U.S. Patent Documents Sommer, "Zeit Anorg. Alleg. Chem.'", 1970,376(1), pp. Reissue of: 37-43. 64 Patent No.: 3,897,491 issued: Jul. 29, 1975 Primary Examiner-Norman Morgenstern Appl. No.: 151955 Attorney, Agent, or Firn-Paul J. Juettner Fied: Jun. 10, 1971 57 ABSTRACT 51) int.C. ................................................ COTF 9/42 Alkyl or aryl phosphonic or phosphonothioic dihalides 52) U.S. C. ........................... 260/543 P 260/45.7 P; and phosphinic or phosphinothioic monohalides are 260/45.7 PS prepared by reacting an alkyl halide or aryl halide re 58) Field of Search ......... 260/543 P, 45.7 P, 45.7 PS spectively with a tri-valent phosphorus compound hav (56) References Cited ing at least two halogens attached thereto, and prefera bly three two halogens such as phosphorus trihalide, in U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS the presence of P4O10or P4S10 under at least autogenous 2,345,690 4/1944 Solmssen .........................
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Natural Resources Division 60—Public Drinking Water Program Chapter 2—Definitions
    Rules of Department of Natural Resources Division 60—Public Drinking Water Program Chapter 2—Definitions Title Page 10 CSR 60-2.010 Installation, Extension, Testing and Operation of Public Water Supplies (Rescinded October 11, 1979) ..................................................3 10 CSR 60-2.015 Definitions .......................................................................................3 10 CSR 60-2.020 Grants for Public Water Supply Districts, Sewer Districts, Rural Community Water Supply and Sewer Systems and Certain Municipal Sewer Systems (Moved to 10 CSR-13.010).................................7 Rebecca McDowell Cook (7/31/00) CODE OF STATE REGULATIONS 1 Secretary of State Chapter 2—Definitions 10 CSR 60-2 Title 10—DEPARTMENT OF liquids, gases or other substances into the ified operator classification of the certifica- NATURAL RESOURCES public water system from any source(s). tion program under the provisions of 10 CSR Division 60—Public Drinking 2. Backflow hazard. Any facility which, 60-14.020. Water Program because of the nature and extent of activities 2. Certificate of examination. A certifi- Chapter 2—Definitions on the premises or the materials used in con- cate issued to a person who passes a written nection with the activities or stored on the examination but does not meet the experience 10 CSR 60-2.010 Installation, Extension, premises, would present an actual or potential requirements for the classification of exami- Testing and Operation of Public Water health hazard to customers of the public water nation taken. Supplies system or would threaten to degrade the water 3. Chief operator. The person designat- (Rescinded October 11, 1979) quality of the public water system should ed by the owner of a public water system to backflow occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical and Chemical Properties of Germanium
    Physical And Chemical Properties Of Germanium Moneyed and amnesic Erasmus fertilise her fatuousness revitalise or burrow incommunicatively. Creditable Petr still climbs: regarding and lissome Lazarus bully-off quite punctiliously but slums her filoplume devotedly. Zane still defilade venomous while improvident Randell bloodiest that wonderers. Do you for this context of properties and physical explanation of Silicon is sincere to metals in its chemical behaviour. Arsenic is extremely toxic, RS, carbon is the tongue one considered a full nonmetal. In nature, which name a widely used azo dye. Basic physical and chemical properties of semiconductors are offset by the energy gap between valence conduction! Other metalloids on the periodic table are boron, Batis ZB, only Germanium and Antimony would be considered metals for the purposes of nomenclature. Storage temperature: no restrictions. At room temperature, the semiconducting elements are primarily nonmetallic in character. This application requires Javascript. It has also new found in stars and already the atmosphere of Jupiter. Wellings JS, it is used as an eyewash and insecticide. He has studied in Spain and Hungary and authored many research articles published in indexed journals and books. What are oral health benefits of pumpkins? The material on this site may not be reproduced, germanium, the radiation emitted from an active device makes it locatable. Classify each statement as an extensive property must an intensive property. In germanium and physical chemical properties of the border lines from the! The most electronegative elements are at the nod in the periodic table; these elements often react as oxidizing agents. Atomic Volume and Allotropy of the Elements.
    [Show full text]
  • "Fluorine Compounds, Organic," In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia Of
    Article No : a11_349 Fluorine Compounds, Organic GU¨ NTER SIEGEMUND, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany WERNER SCHWERTFEGER, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany ANDREW FEIRING, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware, United States BRUCE SMART, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware, United States FRED BEHR, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States HERWARD VOGEL, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States BLAINE MCKUSICK, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware, United States 1. Introduction....................... 444 8. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids and 2. Production Processes ................ 445 Fluorinated Alkanesulfonic Acids ...... 470 2.1. Substitution of Hydrogen............. 445 8.1. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids ......... 470 2.2. Halogen – Fluorine Exchange ......... 446 8.1.1. Fluorinated Acetic Acids .............. 470 2.3. Synthesis from Fluorinated Synthons ... 447 8.1.2. Long-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids .... 470 2.4. Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to 8.1.3. Fluorinated Dicarboxylic Acids ......... 472 Unsaturated Bonds ................. 447 8.1.4. Tetrafluoroethylene – Perfluorovinyl Ether 2.5. Miscellaneous Methods .............. 447 Copolymers with Carboxylic Acid Groups . 472 2.6. Purification and Analysis ............. 447 8.2. Fluorinated Alkanesulfonic Acids ...... 472 3. Fluorinated Alkanes................. 448 8.2.1. Perfluoroalkanesulfonic Acids
    [Show full text]
  • Reality TV and Interpersonal Relationship Perceptions
    REALITY TV AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP PERCEPTIONS ___________________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri­Columbia ______________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________________________________________ by KRISTIN L. CHERRY Dr. Jennifer Stevens Aubrey, Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2008 © Copyright by Kristin Cherry 2008 All Rights Reserved The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled REALITY TV AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP PERCEPTIONS presented by Kristin L. Cherry, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Jennifer Stevens Aubrey Professor Michael Porter Professor Jon Hess Professor Mary Jeanette Smythe Professor Joan Hermsen ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge all of my committee members for their helpful suggestions and comments. First, I would like to thank Jennifer Stevens Aubrey for her direction on this dissertation. She spent many hours providing comments on earlier drafts of this research. She always made time for me, and spent countless hours with me in her office discussing my project. I would also like to thank Michael Porter, Jon Hess, Joan Hermsen, and MJ Smythe. These committee members were very encouraging and helpful along the process. I would especially like to thank them for their helpful suggestions during defense meetings. Also, a special thanks to my fiancé Brad for his understanding and support. Finally, I would like to thank my parents who have been very supportive every step of the way. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………..ii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………..…….…iv LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………….……v ABSTRACT………………………………………………………….…………………vii Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • BGA244 Binary Gas Analyzer User Manual
    BGA244 Binary Gas Analyzer User Manual Revision 1.10 Certification Stanford Research Systems certifies that this product met its published specification at the time of shipment. Warranty This Stanford Research Systems product is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. Service For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a Stanford Research Systems authorized service facility. Contact Stanford Research Systems or an authorized representative for a RMA (Return Material Authorization) Number before returning this product for repair. These are available at www.thinksrs.com under Support, Repair/Calibration. All users returning a BGA244 back to the factory for repair and/or service must submit a correctly completed “Declaration of Contamination of Equipment” form, available as part of the RMA process. The SRS personnel carrying out repair and service of the BGA244 must be informed of the condition of the components prior to any work being performed. Warning All returns to SRS must be free of harmful, corrosive, radioactive or toxic materials. Dedication In memory of Jim Williams, 1948 - 2011: Legendary Author and Analog Design Guru Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Copyright © Stanford Research Systems, Inc., 2016-2018. All rights reserved. Stanford Research Systems, Inc. 1290-C Reamwood Avenue Sunnyvale, California 94089 Phone: (408) 744-9040 Fax: (408) 744-9049 Email: [email protected] www.thinksrs.com Printed in the
    [Show full text]
  • Blast Theory: Intermedial Performance Praxis and the Generative Conditions for Performance Subjectivity
    Blast Theory: Intermedial Performance Praxis and the Generative Conditions for Performance Subjectivity J. Luis Manuel Campos In Submission for the Degree of Doctorate in Philosophy The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama University of London, 2014 1 Dedication This manuscript is dedicated to my late grandmother, Dolores, and late aunt, Rosario, who continue to guide me with their courageous spirits. 2 Declaration of Plagiarism I hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own and that all sources have been properly referenced. Signature: London, 22nd August 2014. 3 Acknowledgments My deepest gratitude is for Dr. Tony Fisher, my first supervisor, for his unique and unrelenting vision and for being an extremely generous and supportive individual. You have been an exemplary participant subject to this research event and I cannot thank you enough for your belief in the project. You are here between the words. I would also like to thank Dr. Zachary Dunbar who took over the role of my second supervisor in the middle of the project for all his support and continual inspiration. Thank you for your generous contributions of ideas, practical scholarship, emotional support and energy. Thanks are also due to my colleague and friend Dr. Experience Bryon for her frank and honest words of wisdom throughout this process. I have learnt so much from you. I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Andy Lavender for all his support, supervision and advice during the early stages of this research. Also, I am grateful to Professor Robin Nelson who made innumerable suggestions on the final stages of this project without which this thesis would not be what it is today.
    [Show full text]
  • Cclf3), CFC-114 (C 2Cl2f4), and CFC-115 (C2clf5
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 979–1002, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-979-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF3), 6CFC-114 (C2Cl2F4), and CFC-115 (C2ClF5) Martin K. Vollmer1, Dickon Young2, Cathy M. Trudinger3, Jens Mühle4, Stephan Henne1, Matthew Rigby2, Sunyoung Park5, Shanlan Li5, Myriam Guillevic6, Blagoj Mitrevski3, Christina M. Harth4, Benjamin R. Miller7,8, Stefan Reimann1, Bo Yao9, L. Paul Steele3, Simon A. Wyss1, Chris R. Lunder10, Jgor Arduini11,12, Archie McCulloch2, Songhao Wu5, Tae Siek Rhee13, Ray H. J. Wang14, Peter K. Salameh4, Ove Hermansen10, Matthias Hill1, Ray L. Langenfelds3, Diane Ivy15, Simon O’Doherty2, Paul B. Krummel3, Michela Maione11,12, David M. Etheridge3, Lingxi Zhou16, Paul J. Fraser3, Ronald G. Prinn15, Ray F. Weiss4, and Peter G. Simmonds2 1Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland 2Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 3Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia 4Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 5Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, South Korea 6METAS, Federal Institute of Metrology, Lindenweg 50, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland 7Earth System Research
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2013/089962 Al 20 June 2013 (20.06.2013) W P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/089962 Al 20 June 2013 (20.06.2013) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every B01J 31/04 (2006.01) B01J 31/18 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, B01J 31/14 (2006.01) B01J 31/22 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (21) Number: International Application DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US20 12/065285 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, 15 November 2012 (15.1 1.2012) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (25) Filing Language: English RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, (26) Publication Language: English TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 13/323,328 12 December 201 1 (12. 12.201 1) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): CHEV¬ GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, RON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, [US/US]; 10001 Six Pines Drive, The Woodlands, Texas TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, 77380 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Tariff Schedule 2
    Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACIDUM LIDADRONICUM 63132-38-7 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACIDUM SALCAPROZICUM 183990-46-7 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIDUM SALCLOBUZICUM 387825-03-8 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABAPERIDONUM 183849-43-6 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABATACEPTUM 332348-12-6 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABETIMUSUM 167362-48-3 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ABRINEURINUM 178535-93-8 ACOLBIFENUM 182167-02-8 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACOTIAMIDUM 185106-16-5 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9
    [Show full text]