Cclf3), CFC-114 (C 2Cl2f4), and CFC-115 (C2clf5
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Purification Process of Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) Verfahren Zur Reinigung Von Pentafluorethan (HFC-125) Procédé De Purification Du Pentafluoroéthane (HFC-125)
Europäisches Patentamt *EP001153907B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 153 907 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: C07C 17/386 of the grant of the patent: 06.10.2004 Bulletin 2004/41 (21) Application number: 01109907.4 (22) Date of filing: 24.04.2001 (54) Purification process of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) Verfahren zur Reinigung von Pentafluorethan (HFC-125) Procédé de purification du pentafluoroéthane (HFC-125) (84) Designated Contracting States: • Basile, Giampiero DE ES FR GB IT NL 15100 Alessandria (IT) (30) Priority: 09.05.2000 IT MI001006 (74) Representative: Jacques, Philippe et al Solvay S.A. (43) Date of publication of application: Département de la Propriété Industrielle, 14.11.2001 Bulletin 2001/46 Rue de Ransbeek, 310 1120 Bruxelles (BE) (73) Proprietor: Solvay Solexis S.p.A. 20121 Milano (IT) (56) References cited: EP-A- 0 626 362 EP-A- 0 985 650 (72) Inventors: • Azzali, Daniele 20021 Bollate (MI) (IT) Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 1 153 907 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 1 153 907 B1 Description [0001] The present invention relates to a purification process of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) containing as impurity chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115). -
"Fluorine Compounds, Organic," In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia Of
Article No : a11_349 Fluorine Compounds, Organic GU¨ NTER SIEGEMUND, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany WERNER SCHWERTFEGER, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany ANDREW FEIRING, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware, United States BRUCE SMART, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware, United States FRED BEHR, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States HERWARD VOGEL, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States BLAINE MCKUSICK, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware, United States 1. Introduction....................... 444 8. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids and 2. Production Processes ................ 445 Fluorinated Alkanesulfonic Acids ...... 470 2.1. Substitution of Hydrogen............. 445 8.1. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids ......... 470 2.2. Halogen – Fluorine Exchange ......... 446 8.1.1. Fluorinated Acetic Acids .............. 470 2.3. Synthesis from Fluorinated Synthons ... 447 8.1.2. Long-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids .... 470 2.4. Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to 8.1.3. Fluorinated Dicarboxylic Acids ......... 472 Unsaturated Bonds ................. 447 8.1.4. Tetrafluoroethylene – Perfluorovinyl Ether 2.5. Miscellaneous Methods .............. 447 Copolymers with Carboxylic Acid Groups . 472 2.6. Purification and Analysis ............. 447 8.2. Fluorinated Alkanesulfonic Acids ...... 472 3. Fluorinated Alkanes................. 448 8.2.1. Perfluoroalkanesulfonic Acids -
RS44B (R453A) Safety Data Sheet
RS44B (R453A) Safety Data Sheet 06/01/2015 SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION Product identifier Product Form: Mixture Product Name: In USA as RS44B (R453A) Alternate Names: Blended FormulaIntended Use of the Product Refrigerant Name, Address, and Telephone of the Responsible Party Company ComStar International Inc. 20-45 128th Street, College Point, NY 11356 Emergency Telephone Number Emergency number :(800) 328-0142, (718) 445-7900 SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification of the Substance or Mixture Classification (GHS-US) Simple Asphyxiant Liquefied gas H280 Label Elements GHS-US Labeling Hazard Pictograms (GHS-US) : Signal Word (GHS-US) : Warning Hazard Statements (GHS-US) : H280 - Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated May displace oxygen and cause rapid suffocation Precautionary Statements (GHS-US) : P410+P403 - Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place Other Hazardsx Other Hazards Not Contributing to the Classification: Exposure may aggravate those with pre-existing eye, skin, or respiratory conditions. Liquid contact with eyes or skin may cause frostbite. Unknown Acute Toxicity (GHS-US) Not available SECTION 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Substances-Name Product identifier % (w/W) Classification (GHS-US) 1,1,1,2,3,3,3 Heptafluoropropane (HFC 227) (CAS No) 431-89-0 5 Simple Asphyxiant Liquefied gas, H280 Pentafluoroethane (HFC125) (CAS No) 354-33-6 20 Simple Asphyxiant Liquefied gas, H280 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) (CAS No) 811-97-2 53.8 Simple Asphyxiant Liquefied gas, H280 Difluoromethane (HFC-32) (CAS No) 75-10-5 20 Simple Asphyxiant Flam. Gas 1, H220 Liquefied gas, H280 Butane (HC-R600) (CAS No) 106-97-8 0.6 Simple Asphyxiant Flam. -
Title Synthetic Studies on Perfluorinated Compounds
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Synthetic Studies on Perfluorinated Compounds by Direct Title Fluorination( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Okazoe, Takashi Citation Kyoto University (京都大学) Issue Date 2009-01-23 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/doctor.r12290 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion author Kyoto University Synthetic Studies on Perfluorinated Compounds by Direct Fluorination Takashi Okazoe Contents Chapter I. General Introduction 1 I-1. Historical Background of Organofluorine Chemistry -Industrial Viewpoint- 2 I-1-1. Incunabula 2 I-1-2. Development with material industry 5 I-1-3. Development of fine chemicals 17 I-2. Methodology for Synthesis of Fluorochemicals 24 I-2-1. Methods used in organofluorine industry 24 I-2-2. Direct fluorination with elemental fluorine 27 I-3. Summary of This Thesis 33 I-4. References 38 Chapter II. A New Route to Perfluoro(Propyl Vinyl Ether) Monomer: Synthesis of Perfluoro(2-propoxypropionyl) Fluoride from Non-fluorinated Compounds 47 II-1. Introduction 48 II-2. Results and Discussion 49 II-3. Conclusions 55 II-4. Experimental 56 II-5. References 60 i Chapter III. A New Route to Perfluorinated Vinyl Ether Monomers: Synthesis of Perfluoro(alkoxyalkanoyl) Fluorides from Non-fluorinated Substrates 63 III-1. Introduction 64 III-2. Results and Discussion 65 III-2-1. Synthesis of PPVE precursors 65 III-2-2. Synthesis of perfluoro(alkoxyalkanoyl) fluorides via perfluorinated mixed esters 69 III-3. Conclusions 75 III-4. Experimental 77 III-5. References 81 Chapter IV. Synthesis of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acid Membrane Monomers by Liquid-phase Direct Fluorination 83 IV-1. -
Hydrodefluorination of Carbon&Ndash
ARTICLE Received 22 Jul 2013 | Accepted 4 Sep 2013 | Published 9 Oct 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3553 Hydrodefluorination of carbon–fluorine bonds by the synergistic action of a ruthenium–palladium catalyst Sara Sabater1, Jose A. Mata1 & Eduardo Peris1 Catalytic hydrodefluorination of organic molecules is a major organometallic challenge, owing to the strength of C–F sigma bonds, and it is a process with multiple industrial applications. Here we report a new heterodimetallic ruthenium–palladium complex based on a triazolyl- di-ylidene ligand. The complex is remarkably active in the hydrodefluorination of aromatic and aliphatic carbon–fluorine bonds under mild reaction conditions. We observe that both metals are required to promote the reaction process. The overall process implies that the palladium fragment facilitates the C–F activation, whereas the ruthenium centre allows the reduction of the substrate via transfer hydrogenation from isopropanol/sodium t-butoxide. The activity of this heterodimetallic complex is higher than that shown by a mixture of the related homo- dimetallic complexes of ruthenium and palladium, demonstrating the catalytic benefits of the heterodimetallic complex linked by a single-frame ligand. 1 Departamento de Quı´mica Inorga´nica y Orga´nica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castello´n, Spain. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.A.M. (email: [email protected]) or to E.P. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 4:2553 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3553 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3553 wing to the high industrial demand of organic molecules arenes is focused on finding effective catalysts that show high that contain carbon–fluorine bonds1–3, both C–F bond activity under the mildest reaction conditions. -
Safety Data Sheet Pentafluoroethane 1. Identification of the Substance/Compound and Company 2. Hazards Identification
Revised edition no : 4 SAFETY DATA SHEET ACCORDING TO REGULATION 1907/2006 Date : 08.10.2019 PENTAFLUOROETHANE 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/COMPOUND AND COMPANY 1.1. Product identifier Name: Pentafluoroethane Chemical name IUPAC name: 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane Refrigerant-125 Freon-125 HP, refrigerator gas R 125 GHFU-125 Synonyms: R 125, HFC 125 Chemical formula: C2F5H Molecular weight: 120,0214 EC number 206-557-8 REACH Pre-Registration № Reference number 05-2114096899-20-0000 C&L bulk notification Reference number 02-2119708817-31-0000 CAS number 354-33-6 Structural formula: 1.2. Use of substance/ Applied as refrigerant both separate and in mixture composition; in sprinklers compound as fire-extinguishing means Identified uses Manufacture of substance Formulation/Blending Packaging/repackaging Manufacture of charged RAC/MAC systems and other refrigeration machines Manufacture of fire extinguishers Recovery operations = Recycling / Reclamation / Destruction (waste) MAC & RAC Mobile Air Conditoning and Stationary Refrigeration & Air Conditioning systems Recovery (F-gas / ODS) / Servicing Most common technical function of substance (what it does): Heat transfer agent Laboratory chemicals Other: Fire extinguishing agent Uses advised against For industrial or professional use only 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Manufacturer Joint Stock Company «HaloPolymer Perm» 614042, Russia, Perm, ul. Lasvinskaya 98 Phone № +7(342) 250-61-50 www.halopolymer.ru Only REACH representative in JSC «HaloPolymer Perm» (Submitting legal entity URALCHEM Assist EU: GmbH) Johannssenstrasse 10 30159, Hannover, Germany Tel: +49 511 45 99 444 1.4 Emergency telephone: +7-342-282-85-45 (24 hours) Great Britain +44 (0) 203 394 9870 (24/7) USA 1-877 271 7077 2. -
Degradation Pathways of Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops) in the Environment
DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79645 ProvisionalChapter chapter 3 Degradation Pathways of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Environment James T. ZachariaT. Zacharia Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79645 Abstract Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are resistant to most of the known environmental degradation processes. Because of their persistence, POPs bioaccumulate in animal tis- sues and biomagnify along food chains and food webs with potential adverse impacts on human and wildlife health and the environment. Although POPs are resistant to most of the environmental degradation processes, there are some environmental processes mostly microbial degradation that can degrade POPs to other forms that are not neces- sarily simpler and less toxic. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants adopted in 2001 was meant to restrict the production and use of these toxic chemicals in the environment. Keywords: degradation, POPs, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, Stockholm convention 1. Introduction Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic organic compounds that are resistant to most of the degradation processes in the environment, and therefore they tend to persist in the environment, thus bioaccumulating in organisms and biomagnifying along the food chains and food webs in ecosystems. POPs pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human and wildlife health in particular and the environment in general. POPs include a wide class of chemical species with different physicochemical properties and toxicologies. The priority list of POPs consists of pesticides such as dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), hexachloro- cyclohexanes (HCHs), and hexachlorobenzenes (HCBs), industrial chemicals such as poly- chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and unintentional by-products of industrial processes such as © 2016 The Author(s). -
Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds and Allenylboronic Acids - Applications Including Fluorine-18 Labelling Denise N
Denise N. Meyer Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds and Allenylboronic Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds and Allenylboronic Acids - Applications Including Fluorine-18 Labelling Applications Acids - Allenylboronic Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds and Acids - Applications Including Fluorine-18 Labelling Denise N. Meyer Denise N. Meyer Raised in Lauterecken, South-West Germany, Denise studied chemistry at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz where she obtained her Bachelor's and Master's degree. In 2017, she moved to Stockholm where she pursued her doctoral studies with Prof. Kálmán J. Szabó. ISBN 978-91-7911-490-9 Department of Organic Chemistry Doctoral Thesis in Organic Chemistry at Stockholm University, Sweden 2021 Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds and Allenylboronic Acids - Applications Including Fluorine-18 Labelling Denise N. Meyer Academic dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Organic Chemistry at Stockholm University to be publicly defended on Friday 4 June 2021 at 10.00 in Magnélisalen, Kemiska övningslaboratoriet, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 B. Abstract This work is focused on two areas: the chemistry of organofluorine and organoboron compounds. In the first chapter, a copper-catalysed synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted allenylboronic acids is presented. Extension of the same method leads to allenylboronic esters. The very reactive and moisture-sensitive allenylboronic acids are further applied to the reaction with aldehydes, ketones and imines to form homopropargyl alcohols and amines. In addition, an enantioselective reaction catalysed by a BINOL organocatalyst was developed to form tertiary alcohols with adjacent quaternary carbon stereocenters. The second chapter specialises in the functionalisation of 2,2-difluoro enol silyl ethers with electrophilic reagents under mild reaction conditions. -
Fluorine in Organic Chemistry Final Proof 7.8.2004 10:34Am Page I
Chambers: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry Final Proof 7.8.2004 10:34am page i Fluorine in Organic Chemistry Fluorine in Organic Chemistry Richard D. Chambers © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-10787-7 Chambers: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry Final Proof 7.8.2004 10:34am page iii Fluorine in Organic Chemistry Richard D. Chambers FRS Emeritus Professor of Chemistry University of Durham, UK Chambers: Fluorine in Organic Chemistry Final Proof 7.8.2004 10:34am page iv ß 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Editorial offices: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Tel: þ44 (0)1865 776868 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia Tel: þ61 (0)3 8359 1011 ISBN 1-4051-0787-1 Published in the USA and Canada (only) by CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Orders from the USA and Canada (only) to CRC Press LLC USA and Canada only: ISBN 0-8493-1790-8 The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. -
Page 1 of 14 Green Chemistry
Green Chemistry Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/greenchem Page 1 of 14 Green Chemistry Organofluorine Chemistry: Applications, sources and sustainability Antal Harsanyi and Graham Sandford* Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript Abstract Fluorine is an essential element for life in the developed world that impacts hugely on the general public because many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, anaesthetics, materials and air conditioning materials owe their important properties to the presence of fluorine atoms within their structures. Accepted All fluorine atoms used in organic chemistry are ultimately sourced from a mined raw material, fluorspar (CaF 2), but, given current usage and global reserve estimates, there is only sufficient fluorspar available for a further 100 years. -
Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Alkyl Bromides
Communication Cite This: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 6853−6858 pubs.acs.org/JACS Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Alkyl Bromides David J. P. Kornfilt and David W. C. MacMillan* Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Copper oxidative addition into organo- halides is a challenging two-electron process. In contrast, 2 − formal oxidative addition of copper to Csp carbon bromine bonds can be accomplished by employing latent silyl radicals under photoredox conditions. This novel paradigm for copper oxidative addition has now been 3 applied to a Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling of Csp -bromides. Specifically, a copper/photoredox dual catalytic system for the coupling of alkyl bromides with trifluoromethyl groups is presented. This operationally simple and robust protocol successfully converts a variety of alkyl, allyl, benzyl, and heterobenzyl bromides into the corresponding alkyl trifluoromethanes. ver the past four decades, a range of novel ligand classes O in combination with palladium and nickel salts have enabled the efficient catalytic conversion of C−X bonds into carbon−carbon, −nitrogen, −sulfur, and −oxygen bonds across a vast array of reaction manifolds.1 In contrast, copper has achieved limited success in analogous transformations, a notable deficiency given its salient potential for economical and operational benefit.2 Copper’s diminished utility arises from an intrinsically high barrier to oxidative addition with both haloarenes and aliphatic halides. This feature necessitates the use of activated aryl bromides and iodides along with elevated temperatures in the former case, while haloalkanes Figure 1. Catalytic trifluoromethylation of alkyl bromides remain effectively inert to almost all forms of catalytic copper 3 Downloaded via PRINCETON UNIV on May 16, 2019 at 17:41:20 (UTC). -
Compositions of Difluoromethane, Pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane and Hydrocarbons
(19) & (11) EP 1 163 313 B2 (12) NEW EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION After opposition procedure (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the opposition decision: C09K 5/04 (2006.01) 04.11.2009 Bulletin 2009/45 (86) International application number: (45) Mention of the grant of the patent: PCT/US2000/007546 06.10.2004 Bulletin 2004/41 (87) International publication number: (21) Application number: 00918231.2 WO 2000/056834 (28.09.2000 Gazette 2000/39) (22) Date of filing: 22.03.2000 (54) COMPOSITIONS OF DIFLUOROMETHANE, PENTAFLUOROETHANE, 1,1,1,2- TETRAFLUOROETHANE AND HYDROCARBONS ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN AUS DIFLUORMETHAN, PENTAFLUORETHAN, 1,1,1,2- TETRAFLUORETHAN UND KOHLENWASSERSTOFFEN COMPOSITIONS DE DIFLUOROMETHANE, PENTAFLUOROETHANE, 1,1,1,2- TETRAFLUOROETHANE ET D’HYDROCARBURES (84) Designated Contracting States: • YOKOZEKI, Akimichi DE ES FR GB IT NL Wilmington, DE 19807 (US) (30) Priority: 22.03.1999 US 125510 P (74) Representative: Matthews, Derek Peter 21.03.2000 US 528964 Frank B. Dehn & Co. St Bride’s House (43) Date of publication of application: 10 Salisbury Square 19.12.2001 Bulletin 2001/51 London EC4Y 8JD (GB) (73) Proprietor: E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY (56) References cited: Wilmington, DE 19898 (US) EP-A- 0 659 862 EP-A2- 0 563 806 EP-A2- 0 700 988 WO-A-96/03473 (72) Inventors: WO-A-97/15637 WO-A1-94/18282 • BIVENS, Donald, Bernard WO-A1-99/03947 US-A- 5 393 442 Kennett Square, PA 19348 (US) US-A- 5 674 825 • MINOR, Barbara, Haviland Elkton, MD 21921 (US) EP 1 163 313 B2 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 1 163 313 B2 Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 [0001] The present invention relates to azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of difluoromethane, pen- tafluoroethane, 1, 1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane and a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of: n-butane; isobutane; n-butane and 2-methylbutane; n-butane and n-pentane; isobutane and 2-methylbutane; and isobutane and n-pentane.