Native Shoreland/Riparian Buffer Plantings for New Hampshire* * This list is referenced in Env-Wq 1400 (Shoreland Protection) as Appendix D Associated and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees Wildlife: Pileated woodpecker, wood Rich woods, American Basswood Medium-Large Full/Part Shade duck, other birds; deer, rabbit, Tilia americana Moderate Deep Moist valleys, (American Linden) 60-100’ or Full Sun gentle slopes Food: Seeds, twigs Wildlife: Blue jay, chickadees, nuthatches, quail, ruffed grouse, Rich woods, tufted titmouse, wild turkey, wood Fagus Medium-Large Full/Part Shade or Dry or American Beech Slow Shallow well-drained duck, woodpeckers; bear, , grandifolia 60-90’ Full Sun Moist lowlands deer, fox, porcupine, snowshoe hare, squirrel Food: Nuts, buds, sap Wildlife: Downy woodpecker, mockingbird, purple finch, ring- American Ostrya Small Full/Part Shade Dry or necked pheasant, rose-breasted Hophornbeam Slow Shallow Rich woods virginiana 20-40’ or Full Sun Moist grosbeak, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, (Ironwood) wood quail; deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Nuts, buds, seeds Dry, Rich woods, American Hornbeam Wildlife: Quail, ruffed grouse, wood Carpinus Small/Shrubby Full/Part Shade or Moist, forested (Blue Slow Moderate duck; beaver, deer, squirrel caroliniana 20-40’ Full Sun Flood wetlands, ravines, Beech/Musclewood) Food: Seeds, buds Tolerant streambanks Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, Forested catbird, cedar waxwing, grosbeak, American Sorbus Small Full/Part Shade or Fast Shallow Dry, Moist wetlands, rich mockingbird, robin, thrushes, wild Mountain Ash americana Up to 25’ Full-Sun woods turkey; bear Food: Fruit, twigs Forested Moist, Wildlife: Ruffed grouse, songbirds; Small-Medium wetlands, Balsam Fir Abies balsamea Fast Shallow Full Sun Flood small mammals, moose 40-60’ streambanks, rich Tolerant Food: Seeds woods

Page 1 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Floodplains, Wildlife: Beaver, deer, mouse, Populus Medium riverbanks, Balsam Poplar Fast Shallow Full Sun Moist snowshoe hare balsamea 60-80’ streambanks, Food: Buds, catkins, twigs, foliage valleys Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, Sandy upland evening grosbeak, purple finch, Populus Small-Medium Dry or soils, floodplain ruffed grouse, yellow-bellied Big-Toothed Aspen Fast Shallow Full Sun grandidentata 30-60’ Moist streams; with sapsucker; deer quaking aspen Food: Buds, catkins, bark, twigs, and foliage Moist, Forested Wildlife: Songbirds, wood duck; Medium Black Ash Fraxinus nigra Moderate Shallow Full/Part Shade Flood wetlands, deer, moose, small mammals 60-80’ Tolerant streambanks Food: Fruit, twigs, young leaves Cool, moist Black Birch Medium Wildlife: Grouse; deer, rabbit Betula lenta Moderate Shallow Full/Part Shade Moist uplands, rich (Sweet Birch) 40-60’ Food: Buds, catkins, seeds woods Wildlife: Bluebird, blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, common crow, eastern kingbird, evening grosbeak, Rich woods, on mockingbird, northern flicker, Medium Deep Dry or Black Cherry Prunus serotina Moderate Full/Part Shade many sites except northern oriole, robin, ruffed grouse, 40-60’ Taproot Moist very dry soils sparrows, thrushes, veery, vireo, yellow-bellied sapsucker; bear, chipmunk, deer, fox, raccoon, squirrel Food: Berries, buds, sap Wildlife: Bluebird, cardinal, catbird, chickadee, crow, finches, mallards, robin, ruby-throated hummingbird, No Forested Black Gum Medium Dry or ruffed grouse, vireo, wild turkey, Nyssa sylvatica Slow Information Full/Part Shade wetlands, (Tupelo) 50-60 Moist woodpeckers, wood duck; Available floodplains honeybees; bear, chipmunk, deer, opossum, squirrel Food: Seeds, sap, nectar

Page 2 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Wildlife: Songbirds, ruffed grouse, Moist, Bogs, forested Small spruce grouse; chipmunk, cottontail, Black Spruce Picea mariana Slow Shallow Full/Part Shade Flood wetlands, lake Up to 25’ deer, porcupine, squirrel Tolerant and pond shores Food: Seeds, twigs, nectar, bark Forested Moist, Small-Medium Very wetlands, Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Black Willow Salix nigra Very Fast Full Sun Flood Up to 50’ Shallow lowlands, Food: Buds, catkins Tolerant floodplains Dry, Forested Medium Deep, Moist, wetlands, Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Box Elder Acer negundo Very Fast Full Sun 40-70’ Lateral Flood lowlands, Food: Seeds Tolerant floodplains Floodplains, Populus Medium-Large Dry or Wildlife: Ruffed grouse Eastern Cottonwood Fast Shallow Full Sun streambanks, deltoides 80-100’ Moist Food: Catkins valleys Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, blue and green warblers, crossbill, Cool, moist Dry or hawks, juncos, pine siskin, ruffed Tsuga Medium-Large Shallow uplands, ravines, Eastern Hemlock Moderate Full/Part Shade Moist, grouse, veery, wild turkey; deer, canadensis 80-100’ Lateral rock outcrops, Acidic chipmunk, cottontail, porcupine, streambanks squirrel, white-footed mouse Food: Twigs, foliage, seeds Wildlife: Brown creeper, chickadee, crossbill, grosbeak, junco, nuthatch, Forested Dry or pine warbler, sparrows, spruce wetlands, bogs, Large Moist, grouse, wild turkey, woodpeckers; Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus Moderate Shallow Full Sun ravines, cool 70-120’ Well- beaver, chipmunk, deer, snowshoe shady north Drained hare, squirrel slopes Food: Seeds, foliage, twigs; winter food Wildlife: American goldfinch, blue jay, chickadee, northern junco, pine Pioneer : siskin, red-tailed hawk, ruffed Gray Birch Betula Small Full/Part Shade Dry or poorest of sterile Fast Shallow grouse, sparrows, vireo, yellow- (Wire Birch) populifolia 20-35’ or Full Sun Moist soils, sandy or bellied sapsucker, woodpeckers; gravelly slopes snowshoe hare Food: Seeds, buds Page 3 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Wildlife: Cardinal, finches, evening Forested grosbeak, mourning dove, red- Moist, wetlands, Fraxinus Medium-Large Full/Part Shade or winged blackbird, wood duck; Green Ash Fast Shallow Flood floodplains, pennsylvanica 60-80’ Full Sun beaver, chipmunk, deer, porcupine, Tolerant streambanks; squirrel never on dry soils Food: Seeds, foliage Moist, Wildlife: Songbirds; small mammals, Northern White Cedar Thuja Medium Slow to Bogs, wetlands, Shallow Full Sun Flood deer (Arborvitae) occidentalis 30-60’ Moderate rich woods Tolerant Food: Seeds, needles Pioneer Species; Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; beaver, Quaking/Trembling Populus Small-Medium Dry or dry open woods, deer, porcupine, snowshoe hare Fast Shallow Full Sun Aspen (Poplar) tremuloides 30-60’ Moist sandy or gravelly Food: Buds, catkins, bark, twigs, and slopes foliage Wildlife: Cardinal, chickadee, Forested Dry, evening and pine grosbeaks, finches, wetlands, Medium Moderate Very Moist, robin, yellow-bellied sapsucker; Red Maple Acer rubrum Full Sun streambanks, 40-75’ to Fast Shallow Flood beaver, chipmunk, deer; opossum, lakeshores, rich Tolerant squirrel, snowshoe hare woods Food: Seeds, buds, bark, twigs, sap Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, ducks, hawks, quail, nuthatch, ruffed Medium Deep Full/Part Shade or Dry or Bottomlands, grouse, towhee, wild turkey, Red Oak Quercus rubra Moderate 60-90’ Lateral Full Sun Moist moist slopes woodpecker; bear, chipmunk, deer, gopher, opossum, raccoon, squirrel Food: Acorns Wildlife: Cardinal, field sparrows, pine warbler, rose-breasted Rich woods, grosbeak, rufous-sided towhee, Large Deep Dry or Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata Fast Full/Part Shade valleys, upland white-breasted nuthatch, wild 70-100’ Taproot Moist slopes turkey, wood duck, yellow-rumped warbler; , Food: Nuts Forested Moist, wetlands, Wildlife: Cardinal, goldfinch, evening Acer Medium Full/Part Shade or Silver Maple Moderate Shallow Flood riverbanks, and pine grosbeaks, northern oriole sacharinium 60-80’ Full Sun Tolerant floodplains, Food: Seeds, buds streambanks Page 4 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Striped Maple Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; beaver, Acerpen Small/Shrubby Rich woods, cool (Moosewood/ Moderate Shallow Full/Part-Shade Moist deer, moose, porcupine, rabbit sylvanicum 20-30’ moist sites Moose Maple) Food: Buds, bark, samaras Wildlife: Cardinal, goldfinch, Valleys and grosbeak, ring-necked pheasant, Medium-Large Full/Part Shade or uplands; tolerates robin, ruffed grouse, vireo; beaver, Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Slow Shallow Moist 60-100’ Full Sun almost all soil chipmunk, porcupine; Browse for types deer, rabbit, snowshoe hare Food: Seeds, twigs, bark Wildlife: , blue jay, cardinal, brown thrasher, grouse, mallards, nuthatch, quail, red-bellied Forested woodpecker, red-tailed hawk, ruffed No Medium wetlands, grouse, starling, towhee, wild turkey, Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor Fast Information Full/Part Shade Moist 60-70’ floodplains, yellow-throated warbler, wren; Available streambanks beaver, chipmunk, cottontail, deer, gopher, opossum, raccoon, squirrel, white-footed mouse, wild turkey Food: Acorns Wildlife: Mourning dove, finches, No Valleys, Lower Liquidambar Medium-Large junco, wren; beaver, chipmunk, Sweet Gum Moderate Information Full Sun Moist slopes, mixed styraciflua 60-100’ squirrel Available woodlands Food: Seeds Sycamore No Floodplains, Platanus Large Full/Part Shade or Dry or Wildlife: Finches; chipmunk, squirrel (Planetree/ Slow Information lakeshores, occidentalis 80-100’ Full-Sun Moist Food: Seeds Buttonwood) Available streambanks Wildlife: Blue jay, kinglets, pheasant, red crossbill, robin, ruffed grouse, Bogs, swamps, spruce grouse, yellow-bellied Tamarack Moist, Small-Medium wet peaty soils, sapsucker; chipmunk, deer, (American/Eastern Larix laricina Variable Moderate Full Sun Flood 40-80’ drier upland porcupine, red squirrel, snowshoe Larch) Tolerant loamy soils hare Food: Needles, twigs, inner bark, seeds

Page 5 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Rich woods, valleys, slopes, Wildlife: Finches, grosbeaks, red- Moist, Fraxinus Medium-Large Full/Part Shade or forested winged blackbird, wood duck; deer, White Ash Moderate Shallow Flood americana 70-100’ Full Sun wetlands, squirrel Tolerant floodplains, Food: Seeds, foliage streambanks Forested White Birch Betula Medium Dry or Wildlife: Grouse, siskins Fast Shallow Full Sun wetlands, rich (Paper Birch) papyrifera 50-75’ Moist Food: Seeds, buds woods Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, Streambanks, nuthatch, quail, ruffed grouse, Deep, rich, lakeshores, gentle Medium-Large Full/Part Shade or towhee, wild turkey, wood duck, White Oak Quercus alba Moderate Deep well- slopes; adapts to 50-90’ Full Sun woodpecker; chipmunk, bear, deer, drained almost any gopher, opossum, raccoon, squirrel condition Food: Acorns Streambanks, Wildlife: Fishers, martens, snowshoe Medium Full/Part Shade or Dry or lakeshores, rich White Spruce Picea glauca Moderate Shallow hare, voles 40-70’ Full Sun Moist woods, adjacent Food: Seeds slopes Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, common redpoll, goldfinch, pine Forested siskins, red-shouldered hawk, ring- wetlands, necked pheasant, ruffed grouse, wild Yellow Birch Betula Medium-Large Shallow/ Dry or floodplains, Slow Full/Part Shade turkey, wood duck, yellow-bellied (Sweet Birch) alleghaniensis 70-100’ Moderate Moist ravines, cool, rich sapsucker; beaver, chipmunk, deer, woods of high porcupine, squirrel, snowshoe hare elevations Food: Catkins, buds, bark, twigs, foliage, seeds

Page 6

Common Growth Light Soil Associated Birds and Mammals Latin Name Height Habitat Name(s) Rate Preference Preference (Cover, Nesting or Food) and Food Value Shrubs Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, cedar waxwing, Corylus Medium Full/Part Shade Borders of woods, hairy woodpecker, ring-necked pheasant, ruffed American Hazelnut Moderate Moist americana 5-10’ or Full Sun hillsides, thickets grouse; chipmunk, deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Nuts, berries, foliage Small Full/Part Shade Wildlife: Birds, mammals Beaked Hazelnut Corylus cornuta Moderate Dry Dry places 6-10’ or Full Sun Food: Beaked nuts Wildlife: Cedar waxwing, chickadees, ruffed Aronia Medium Full/Part Shade Moist, Flood Shrub and Black Chokeberry Moderate grouse, sharp-tailed grouse; deer, rabbit, squirrel meloncarpa Up to 10’ or Full Sun Tolerant forested wetlands Food: Berries, buds Streambanks, Wildlife: Ducks, rails, ruby-throated hummingbird; Cephalanthus Medium Full/Part Shade Moist, Flood lakeshores, beaver, deer, muskrat, butterflies, honeybees and Buttonbush Moderate occidentalis 6-12’ or Full Sun Tolerant ponds, shrub and other insects forested wetlands Food: Fruit, twigs, leaves, seeds, nectar Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, catbird, crow, eastern kingbird, evening grosbeak, orioles, Prunus Small Full/Part Shade With Aspen; dry pileated woodpecker, ring-necked pheasant, robin, Chokecherry Moderate Dry or Moist virginiana 3-6’ or Full Sun soils rose grosbeak, ruffed grouse, thrushes, yellow- bellied sapsucker; rabbit, squirrel Food: Berries, buds, foliage Wildlife: Bluebirds, blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, grosbeak, indigo bunting, Rich woods, shrub pileated woodpecker, ringed-neck pheasant, robin, Sambucus Small-Medium Full/Part Shade Moist, Flood and forested Elderberry Moderate rose-breasted grosbeak, ruffed grouse, thrushes, canadensis 3-12’ or Full Sun Tolerant wetlands, wild turkey, woodpecker; chipmunk, deer, rabbit, marshes squirrel Food: Berries, nectar, twigs, bugs Wildlife: Blue jay, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, eastern kingbird, finch, flycatcher, grosbeak, hairy woodpecker, northern flicker, phoebe, pileated woodpecker, pine grosbeak, pine warbler, red- Gray Dogwood Cornus Medium Full/Part Shade Roadsides, bellied woodpecker, ring-necked pheasant, robin, (Red-Panicle Moderate Dry or Moist racemosa 10-15’ or Full Sun thickets, wetlands ruffed grouse, starling, swamp sparrow, tufted Dogwood) titmouse, veery, vireo, wild turkey, wood duck, wood , woodcock, yellow-bellied sapsucker; chipmunk, deer, red fox, rabbit, squirrel Food: Berries, twigs Page 7

Common Growth Light Soil Associated Birds and Mammals Latin Name Height Habitat Name(s) Rate Preference Preference (Cover, Nesting or Food) and Food Value Shrubs (Continued) Wildlife: Baltimore oriole, bluebird, blue jay, cardinal, chickadee, gray catbird, kingbird, orioles, phoebe, red-bellied woodpecker, ring-necked Shrub and Dry, Moist, pheasant, robin, ruffed grouse, rufous-sided Vaccinium Medium Full/Part Shade forested Highbush Blueberry Slow Flood towhee, scarlet tanager, tufted titmouse, veery, corymbosum 5-15’ or Full Sun wetlands, Tolerant wild turkey, woodpeckers, ; black rich woods beer, chipmunk, deer, muskrat, rabbit, squirrel, white-footed mouse Food: Berries, foliage, twigs, buds Cool, moist Wildlife: Brown thrasher, cardinal, cedar waxwing, Viburnum Medium Moist, Flood Hobblebush Moderate Full/Part Shade ravines, shady evening grosbeak, robin alnifolium Up to 10’ Tolerant lakeshores Food: Fruit Wildlife: Cedar waxwing, finches, grosbeaks, Juniperus Small Juniper Slow Full Sun Dry Dry open land grouse, pheasant, robin; deer, rabbit, moose communis 1-4’ Food: Twigs, foliage, fruit Wildlife: Blue jay, grouse, kingbird, oriole, robin, Vaccinium Full/Part Shade Bogs, dry sandy Lowbush Blueberry 1-2’ Slow Dry or Moist tanagers, woodpeckers; squirrel angustifolium or Full Sun flats, rocky slopes Food: Berries, foliage, twigs Shrub and forested Full/Part Shade Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Maleberry Lyonia ligustris Up to 10’ Moderate Moist wetlands, rich or Full Sun Food: Fruit woods, gentle slopes Viburnum Small Full/Part Shade Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Mapleleaf Viburnum Moderate Moist Rich woods acerifolium 3-6’ or Full Sun Food: Fruit Full/Part Shade Mixed uplands, Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; deer Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia Up to 20’ Moderate Dry or Moist or Full Sun acid soils Food: Foliage, buds, twigs, nectar Viburnum Medium-Large Fall/Part Shade Wildlife: Songbirds, mammals Nannyberry Moderate Dry or Moist Rich woods lentago 10-25’ or Full Sun Food: Berries Shrub and Wildlife: Ruffed grouse, songbirds; bear, forested Viburnum Medium Fall/Part Shade Moist, Flood chipmunks, raccoon, squirrel, skunk, white-footed Northern Arrowwood Moderate wetlands, recognitum 10-15’ or Full Sun Tolerant mouse lakeshores, Food: Berries streambanks

Page 8

Common Growth Light Soil Associated Birds and Mammals Latin Name Height Habitat Name(s) Rate Preference Preference (Cover, Nesting or Food) and Food Value Shrubs (Continued) Shrub and Wildlife: Brown thrasher, cedar waxwing, Viburnum forested flycatcher, ruffed grouse, veery, woodcock, yellow- Northern Wild Raisin Medium Moist, Flood nudum Moderate Full/Part Shade wetlands, valleys, warbler; chipmunk, deer, muskrat, squirrel, (Witherod Viburnum) 6-10 Tolerant var.cassinoides slopes, snowshoe hare streambanks Food: Bark, twigs, buds Shrub and forested Wildlife: American goldfinch, ruffed grouse; Medium-Large Moist, Flood Pussy Willow Salix discolor Fast Full Sun wetlands, beaver, hare, rabbits, squirrel Up to 15’ Tolerant streambanks, Food: Buds, catkins, twigs, bark lakeshores Small Full/Part Shade Thickets, edges of Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Raspberry Rubus idaeus Fast Dry or Moist Up to 6’ or Full Sun woods Food: Fruits Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, downy woodpecker, Rich woods, eastern kingbird, finches, northern flicker, pine Cornus Small-Medium Full/Part Shade Moist, Flood Red Osier Dogwood Fast streambanks, warbler, purple finch, ringed-neck pheasant, ruffed stolonifera 4-8’ or Full Sun Tolerant lakeshores grouse, vireo, wild turkey, woodpeckers, wood duck; chipmunk, deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Berries, twigs Rhododendron Small Moist, Flood Bogs, slopes, Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Rhodora Slow Full Sun canadense 3-4’ Tolerant rocky summits Food: Leaves Shrub and Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, cardinal, forested catbird, cedar waxwing, gray catbird, junco, Shadbush Dry, Moist, Amelanchier Large Full/Part Shade wetlands, orioles, red squirrel, robin, ruffed grouse, scarlet (Serviceberry/ Slow Flood spp. 15-25’ or Full Sun floodplains, tanager, thrushes, veery, woodpeckers; beaver, Juneberry) Tolerant streambanks, rich deer, red squirrel, skunk woods Food: Berries, twigs

Page 9

Common Growth Light Soil Associated Birds and Mammals Latin Name Height Habitat Name(s) Rate Preference Preference (Cover, Nesting or Food) and Food Value Shrubs (Continued) Wildlife: Baltimore oriole, black-capped chickadee, blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, downy woodpecker, eastern kingbird, flycatcher, mockingbird, northern flicker, pine Shrub and Dry, Moist, warbler, purple finch, red-bellied woodpecker, Cornus Medium Full/Part Shade forested Silky Dogwood Fast Flood ringed-neck pheasant, robin, rose-breasted amomum 6-10’ or Full Sun wetlands, Tolerant grosbeak, ruffed grouse, song sparrow, starlings, streambanks tufted-titmouse, wild turkey, wood duck, wood thrush, veery; chipmunk, deer, rabbit, raccoon, skunk, squirrel, white-footed mouse Food: Berries, buds, twigs Wildlife: Alder flycatcher, catbird, goldfinch, Shrub and mallards, pheasant, pine siskin, red-winged forested Large Fast Moist, Flood blackbird, ruffed grouse, swamp sparrow, yellow- Speckled Alder Alnus rugosa Full Sun wetlands, 15-25’ Tolerant bellied flycatcher, woodcock; bear, beaver, deer, streambanks, cottontail, moose, muskrat, snowshoe hare lakeshores Food: Buds, twigs, bark, leaves Shrub and Wildlife: Catbird, kingbird, pheasant, quail, robin, Small-Large Moist, Flood forested ruffed grouse, veery, vireo, wood thrush; Spicebush Lindera benzoin Moderate Full Sun 6-17’ Tolerant wetlands, rich swallowtail butterflies; deer, muskrat woods Food: Fruit, buds, twigs, leaves Shrub and Wildlife: Hummingbird; butterflies and other Rhododendron Full/Part Shade Moist, Flood forested Swamp Azalea Up to 5’ Moderate insects; deer viscosum or Full Sun Tolerant wetlands, rich Food: Leaves, nectar woods Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, cedar waxwing, grackle, gray catbird, grosbeak, Shrub and mockingbird, oriole tanager, ring-necked pheasant, Small forested robin, ruffed grouse, rufus-sided thrushes, towhee, Swamp Blackberry Rubus hispidus Slow Full/Part Shade Dry or Moist Up to 6’ wetlands, rich veery, wild turkey, woodcock, woodpeckers, wood woods thrush; chipmunk, cottontail, deer, raccoon, skunk, squirrel Food: Fruit, canes

Page 10

Common Growth Light Soil Associated Birds and Mammals Latin Name Height Habitat Name(s) Rate Preference Preference (Cover, Nesting or Food) and Food Value Shrubs (Continued) Shrub and Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, catbird, forested common yellowthroat, phoebe, pied-billed grebe, Small Moist, Flood Sweet Gale Myrica gale Slow Full Sun wetlands, ruffed grouse, tree swallow, tufted titmouse, wild 1-4’ Tolerant lakeshores, turkey; deer, muskrat streambanks Food: Buds, leaves Shrub and forested Medium Full/Part Shade Moist, Flood Wildlife: Butterflies and other insects Sweet Pepperbush Clethra alnifolia Moderate wetlands, 3-10’ or Full Sun Tolerant Food: Fruit, seeds, nectar lakeshores, streambanks Shrub and Wildlife: Cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, forested chickadees, finches, flickers, ruffed grouse, Winterberry Holly Medium Full/Part Shade Moist, Flood Ilex verticillata Slow wetlands, thrushes, vireo, woodpeckers; bear, cottontail, (Black Alder) 6-10’ or Full Sun Tolerant lakeshores, deer, moose, skunk, white-footed mouse streambanks Food: Berries, twigs, leaves Wildlife: Cardinal, ring-necked pheasant, ruffed Hammamelis Large Full/Part Shade Witch Hazel Slow Moist Dry or rich woods grouse, wild turkey; deer, squirrels virginiana 20-30’ or Full Sun Food: Seeds, buds, twigs, bark

Page 11 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Soil Latin Name Height Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Preference and Food Value Groundcover/Herbaceous Perennials Wildlife: Mallards, ruffed grouse, swamp sparrow, wild Eupatorium Wet meadows, Boneset 4-6’ Full Sun Dry or Moist turkey; butterflies and other insects perfoliatum marshes, pond edges Food: Nectar Wildlife: Blue-winged teal, ruby-throated hummingbird, Moist, Flood Marshes, lakeshores, Blue Flag Iris Iris versicolor 2-3’ Full Sun wood duck; butterflies and other insects; muskrat Tolerant streambanks Food: Nectar, shoots Cornus Wildlife: Sharp-tailed grouse, spruce-grouse; moose Bunchberry 3-8” Full/Part Shade Moist Cool, moist woods canadensis Food: Fruit, buds Wildlife: Ruby-throated hummingbirds; butterflies and other Lobelia Moist, Flood Damp sites, Cardinal Flower 2-4’ Full Sun insects; bear, deer cardinalis Tolerant streambanks Food: Nectar Wildlife: Blue-winged teal, black-crowned night heron, red- winged blackbird, king rail, least and American bittern, Moist, Flood Marshes, lakeshores, Cattail (Broad-Leaf) Typha latifolia Up to 10’ Full Sun mallards, marsh wren, swamp sparrow, Virginia rail; Tolerant streambanks chipmunk, deer, muskrat Food: Seed heads Polystichium Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; box turtle, chipmunk, rabbit Christmas Fern Up to 1’ Full/Part Shade Moist Rich woods acrostichoides Food: Fronds, fiddleheads Wildlife: Brown thrasher, ruby-throated hummingbird, ruffed Osmunda Moist, Flood Shrub and forested grouse, yellow throat; chipmunk, deer, white-footed mouse, Cinnamon Fern Up to 3’ Full/Part Shade cinnamomea Tolerant wetlands vole Food: Fronds, fiddleheads Tiarella Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Foamflower Up to 1’ Full/Part Shade Moist Rich woods cordifolia Food: Leaves Goldenrod Wildlife: Goldfinch, junco, ruffed grouse, swamp sparrow; Wet meadows, (Rough or Grass- Solidago spp. 1-5’ Full Sun Dry or Moist butterflies and other insects; cottontail, meadow mice marshes, damp swales Leaved) Food: Seeds, nectar Dennstaedtia Full/Part Shade or Woodlands, hillside Wildlife: Mammals Hay-Scented Fern Up to 2’ Moist punctiloula Full Sun pastures Food: Fronds, fiddleheads Osmunda Woodland edges, stony Wildlife: Mammals Interrupted Fern 3-4’ Full/Part Shade Moist punctiloula dry soil Food: Fronds, fiddleheads Wildlife: Ring-necked pheasant, ruffed grouse, ruby-throated Jewelweed Impatiens Full/Part Shade or Moist, Flood Shrub and forested hummingbird, veery; butterflies and other insects; white- (Spotted-Touch-Me- 2-5’ capensis Full Sun Tolerant wetlands, streambanks footed mouse Not) Food: Nectar, seeds

Page 12 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Soil Latin Name Height Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Preference and Food Value Groundcover/Herbaceous Perennials (Continued) Wildlife: Ruby-throated hummingbird, swamp sparrow; Eupatorium Moist, Flood Wet meadows, Joe Pye Weed 2-6’ Full Sun butterflies and other insects; cottontail, muskrat, raccoon purpureum Tolerant marshes, shores Food: Nectar Aster novae- Wet meadows, Wildlife: Songbirds; butterflies and other insects New England Aster Up to 5’ Full Sun Dry or Moist angliae wetlands Food: Nectar, seeds Pteretis Shrub and forested Wildlife: Mammals Ostrich Fern Up to 6’ Full/Part Shade Moist pensylvanica wetlands Food: Fronds, fiddleheads Mitchella Wildlife: Grouse, mammals Partridgeberry Up to 1’ Full/Part Shade Dry or Moist Rich woods repens Food: Berries Marshes, bogs, Rattlesnake Manna Glyceria Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Up to 3’ Full Sun Moist forested wetlands, Grass canadensis Food: Seeds lakeshores Leersia Moist, Flood Primarily fresh Wildlife: Deer, muskrat, moose Rice Cutgrass Up to 5’ Full Sun oryzoides Tolerant marshes Food: Seeds, foliage Wildlife: Pileated woodpecker, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, Riverbank Grape Full/Part Shade or Vistis riparia Up to 25’ Moist Streambanks wood duck; various mammals (Vine) Full Sun Food: Fruit Osmunda Full/Part Shade or Moist, Flood Shrub and forested Wildlife: Mammals Royal Fern Up to 5’ regalis Full Sun Tolerant wetlands Food: Fronds, fiddleheads Onoclea Moist, Flood Shrub and forested Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, ruffed grouse; bear, deer Sensitive Fern Up to 3’ Full/Part Shade sensibilis Tolerant wetlands Food: Buds, foliage Dry, Moist, Shrub and forest Kalmia Fall/Part Shade or Sheep Laurel Up to 4’ Flood wetlands, Poisonous to livestock. angustifolia Full Sun Tolerant fields/pastures Wildlife: Black duck, mallards, red-winged blackbird, ruby- Wet meadows, Asclepias throated hummingbird; Monarch butterfly, other butterflies Swamp Milkweed Up to 2’ Fall/Part Shade Moist wetlands, thickets, incarnata and insects; muskrat shores Food: Nectar, seeds Componia Full/Part Shade Open, dry sandy soils Wildlife: Flickers, sharp-tailed grouse; deer, moose Sweet Fern 1-3’ Dry perigrina or Full Sun and pastures Food: Fruit Thalictrum Wetlands, wet Wildlife: Bees, butterflies Tall Meadow Rue 2-8’ Full/Part Shade Moist polyganum meadows, streamsides Food: Nectar Moist, Flood Wildlife: Finches, ruffed grouse, snipe, sparrows; deer Tussock Sedge Carex stricta Up to 4” Full Sun Marshes, rich woods Tolerant Food: Seeds, foliage

Page 13 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Soil Latin Name Height Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Preference and Food Value Groundcover/Herbaceous Perennials (Continued) Linnaea Wildlife: Mammals Twinflower Up to 6” Full/Part Shade Moist Rich woods borealis Food: Foliage Wildlife: Bluebird, great-crested flycatcher, red-eyes vireo, Parthenocissus Full/Part Shade or Virginia Creeper (Vine) Up to 25’ Dry or Moist Woods, rocky banks pileated woodpecker quinquefolia Full Sun Food: Berries Lysimachia Full/Part Shade or Dry or moist open Wildlife: Mammals Whorled Loosestrife Up to 4’ Dry or Moist quadrifolia Full Sun woods, thickets Food: Foliage Aralia Wildlife: Mammals Wild Sarsaparilla 8-15” Full/Part Shade Dry or Moist Upland woods nudicanlis Food: Foliage, seeds, berries Wintergreen Wildlife: Partridge, ruffed grouse, songbirds; chipmunk, deer, Gaultheria (Teaberry/ Up to 4” Full Sun Dry Oak woods, sandy soils moose procumbens Checkerberry) Food: Fruit, foliage

References Baldwin, Henry Ives. “Forest Leaves: How to Identify Trees and Shrubs of Northern New England”, Peter E. Randall Publisher, 1993 Connecticut River Joint Commission, “Riparian Buffers for the Connecticut River Watershed”, 2000 http://www.crjc.org/pdffiles/Plant%20lists.pdf Harlow, William M. “Trees of the Eastern and Central and ”, Dover Publications, 1942 New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services. The Critical Edge, Appendix D, 1998 New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development. Division of Forests and Lands, State Forest Nursery, “Wildlife Conservation Species Descriptions”, 2001 Niering, William A. “National Audubon Society Nature Guides: Wetlands” Chanticleer Press, Inc., 1997 Redington, Charles B. “Plants in Wetland: Field Guide to Biological Interactions”, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1994 Sutton, Ann and Myron. “National Audubon Society Nature Guides: Eastern Forests” Alfred A Knopf, Inc., 1997 University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension. “Trees and Shrubs in New Hampshire: A Guidebook for Natural Beauty Projects”, Bulletin 163 University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension. “New Hampshire’s Native Trees, Shrubs, and Vines with Wildlife Value”

Compiled by Jen Drociak, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Water Division, Watershed Management Bureau.

March 2006 / Updated April 2018 / Reformatted October 2020

Page 14