Native Shoreland/Riparian Buffer Plantings for New Hampshire* * This list is referenced in Env-Wq 1400 (Shoreland Protection) as Appendix D Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees Wildlife: Pileated woodpecker, wood Rich woods, American Basswood Medium-Large Full/Part Shade duck, other birds; deer, rabbit, Tilia americana Moderate Deep Moist valleys, (American Linden) 60-100’ or Full Sun squirrel gentle slopes Food: Seeds, twigs Wildlife: Blue jay, chickadees, nuthatches, quail, ruffed grouse, Rich woods, tufted titmouse, wild turkey, wood Fagus Medium-Large Full/Part Shade or Dry or American Beech Slow Shallow well-drained duck, woodpeckers; bear, chipmunk, grandifolia 60-90’ Full Sun Moist lowlands deer, fox, porcupine, snowshoe hare, squirrel Food: Nuts, buds, sap Wildlife: Downy woodpecker, mockingbird, purple finch, ring- American Ostrya Small Full/Part Shade Dry or necked pheasant, rose-breasted Hophornbeam Slow Shallow Rich woods virginiana 20-40’ or Full Sun Moist grosbeak, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, (Ironwood) wood quail; deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Nuts, buds, seeds Dry, Rich woods, American Hornbeam Wildlife: Quail, ruffed grouse, wood Carpinus Small/Shrubby Full/Part Shade or Moist, forested (Blue Slow Moderate duck; beaver, deer, squirrel caroliniana 20-40’ Full Sun Flood wetlands, ravines, Beech/Musclewood) Food: Seeds, buds Tolerant streambanks Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, Forested catbird, cedar waxwing, grosbeak, American Sorbus Small Full/Part Shade or Fast Shallow Dry, Moist wetlands, rich mockingbird, robin, thrushes, wild Mountain Ash americana Up to 25’ Full-Sun woods turkey; bear Food: Fruit, twigs Forested Moist, Wildlife: Ruffed grouse, songbirds; Small-Medium wetlands, Balsam Fir Abies balsamea Fast Shallow Full Sun Flood small mammals, moose 40-60’ streambanks, rich Tolerant Food: Seeds woods Page 1 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Floodplains, Wildlife: Beaver, deer, mouse, Populus Medium riverbanks, Balsam Poplar Fast Shallow Full Sun Moist snowshoe hare balsamea 60-80’ streambanks, Food: Buds, catkins, twigs, foliage valleys Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, Sandy upland evening grosbeak, purple finch, Populus Small-Medium Dry or soils, floodplain ruffed grouse, yellow-bellied Big-Toothed Aspen Fast Shallow Full Sun grandidentata 30-60’ Moist streams; with sapsucker; deer quaking aspen Food: Buds, catkins, bark, twigs, and foliage Moist, Forested Wildlife: Songbirds, wood duck; Medium Black Ash Fraxinus nigra Moderate Shallow Full/Part Shade Flood wetlands, deer, moose, small mammals 60-80’ Tolerant streambanks Food: Fruit, twigs, young leaves Cool, moist Black Birch Medium Wildlife: Grouse; deer, rabbit Betula lenta Moderate Shallow Full/Part Shade Moist uplands, rich (Sweet Birch) 40-60’ Food: Buds, catkins, seeds woods Wildlife: Bluebird, blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, common crow, eastern kingbird, evening grosbeak, Rich woods, on mockingbird, northern flicker, Medium Deep Dry or Black Cherry Prunus serotina Moderate Full/Part Shade many sites except northern oriole, robin, ruffed grouse, 40-60’ Taproot Moist very dry soils sparrows, thrushes, veery, vireo, yellow-bellied sapsucker; bear, chipmunk, deer, fox, raccoon, squirrel Food: Berries, buds, sap Wildlife: Bluebird, cardinal, catbird, chickadee, crow, finches, mallards, robin, ruby-throated hummingbird, No Forested Black Gum Medium Dry or ruffed grouse, vireo, wild turkey, Nyssa sylvatica Slow Information Full/Part Shade wetlands, (Tupelo) 50-60 Moist woodpeckers, wood duck; Available floodplains honeybees; bear, chipmunk, deer, opossum, squirrel Food: Seeds, sap, nectar Page 2 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Wildlife: Songbirds, ruffed grouse, Moist, Bogs, forested Small spruce grouse; chipmunk, cottontail, Black Spruce Picea mariana Slow Shallow Full/Part Shade Flood wetlands, lake Up to 25’ deer, porcupine, squirrel Tolerant and pond shores Food: Seeds, twigs, nectar, bark Forested Moist, Small-Medium Very wetlands, Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Black Willow Salix nigra Very Fast Full Sun Flood Up to 50’ Shallow lowlands, Food: Buds, catkins Tolerant floodplains Dry, Forested Medium Deep, Moist, wetlands, Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Box Elder Acer negundo Very Fast Full Sun 40-70’ Lateral Flood lowlands, Food: Seeds Tolerant floodplains Floodplains, Populus Medium-Large Dry or Wildlife: Ruffed grouse Eastern Cottonwood Fast Shallow Full Sun streambanks, deltoides 80-100’ Moist Food: Catkins valleys Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, blue and green warblers, crossbill, Cool, moist Dry or hawks, juncos, pine siskin, ruffed Tsuga Medium-Large Shallow uplands, ravines, Eastern Hemlock Moderate Full/Part Shade Moist, grouse, veery, wild turkey; deer, canadensis 80-100’ Lateral rock outcrops, Acidic chipmunk, cottontail, porcupine, streambanks squirrel, white-footed mouse Food: Twigs, foliage, seeds Wildlife: Brown creeper, chickadee, crossbill, grosbeak, junco, nuthatch, Forested Dry or pine warbler, sparrows, spruce wetlands, bogs, Large Moist, grouse, wild turkey, woodpeckers; Eastern White Pine Pinus strobus Moderate Shallow Full Sun ravines, cool 70-120’ Well- beaver, chipmunk, deer, snowshoe shady north Drained hare, squirrel slopes Food: Seeds, foliage, twigs; winter food Wildlife: American goldfinch, blue jay, chickadee, northern junco, pine Pioneer Species: siskin, red-tailed hawk, ruffed Gray Birch Betula Small Full/Part Shade Dry or poorest of sterile Fast Shallow grouse, sparrows, vireo, yellow- (Wire Birch) populifolia 20-35’ or Full Sun Moist soils, sandy or bellied sapsucker, woodpeckers; gravelly slopes snowshoe hare Food: Seeds, buds Page 3 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Wildlife: Cardinal, finches, evening Forested grosbeak, mourning dove, red- Moist, wetlands, Fraxinus Medium-Large Full/Part Shade or winged blackbird, wood duck; Green Ash Fast Shallow Flood floodplains, pennsylvanica 60-80’ Full Sun beaver, chipmunk, deer, porcupine, Tolerant streambanks; squirrel never on dry soils Food: Seeds, foliage Moist, Wildlife: Songbirds; small mammals, Northern White Cedar Thuja Medium Slow to Bogs, wetlands, Shallow Full Sun Flood deer (Arborvitae) occidentalis 30-60’ Moderate rich woods Tolerant Food: Seeds, needles Pioneer Species; Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; beaver, Quaking/Trembling Populus Small-Medium Dry or dry open woods, deer, porcupine, snowshoe hare Fast Shallow Full Sun Aspen (Poplar) tremuloides 30-60’ Moist sandy or gravelly Food: Buds, catkins, bark, twigs, and slopes foliage Wildlife: Cardinal, chickadee, Forested Dry, evening and pine grosbeaks, finches, wetlands, Medium Moderate Very Moist, robin, yellow-bellied sapsucker; Red Maple Acer rubrum Full Sun streambanks, 40-75’ to Fast Shallow Flood beaver, chipmunk, deer; opossum, lakeshores, rich Tolerant squirrel, snowshoe hare woods Food: Seeds, buds, bark, twigs, sap Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, ducks, hawks, quail, nuthatch, ruffed Medium Deep Full/Part Shade or Dry or Bottomlands, grouse, towhee, wild turkey, Red Oak Quercus rubra Moderate 60-90’ Lateral Full Sun Moist moist slopes woodpecker; bear, chipmunk, deer, gopher, opossum, raccoon, squirrel Food: Acorns Wildlife: Cardinal, field sparrows, pine warbler, rose-breasted Rich woods, grosbeak, rufous-sided towhee, Large Deep Dry or Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata Fast Full/Part Shade valleys, upland white-breasted nuthatch, wild 70-100’ Taproot Moist slopes turkey, wood duck, yellow-rumped warbler; chipmunks, squirrels Food: Nuts Forested Moist, wetlands, Wildlife: Cardinal, goldfinch, evening Acer Medium Full/Part Shade or Silver Maple Moderate Shallow Flood riverbanks, and pine grosbeaks, northern oriole sacharinium 60-80’ Full Sun Tolerant floodplains, Food: Seeds, buds streambanks Page 4 Associated Birds and Mammals Common Growth Soil Latin Name Height Rooting Light Preference Habitat (Cover, Nesting or Food) Name(s) Rate Preference and Food Value Trees (Continued) Striped Maple Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; beaver, Acerpen Small/Shrubby Rich woods, cool (Moosewood/ Moderate Shallow Full/Part-Shade Moist deer, moose, porcupine, rabbit sylvanicum 20-30’ moist sites Moose Maple) Food: Buds, bark, samaras Wildlife: Cardinal, goldfinch, Valleys and grosbeak, ring-necked pheasant, Medium-Large Full/Part Shade or uplands; tolerates robin, ruffed grouse, vireo; beaver, Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Slow Shallow Moist 60-100’ Full Sun almost all soil chipmunk, porcupine; Browse for types deer, rabbit, snowshoe hare Food: Seeds, twigs, bark Wildlife: Barred owl, blue jay, cardinal, brown thrasher, grouse, mallards, nuthatch, quail, red-bellied Forested woodpecker, red-tailed hawk, ruffed No Medium wetlands, grouse, starling, towhee, wild turkey, Swamp White Oak Quercus bicolor Fast Information Full/Part Shade Moist 60-70’ floodplains, yellow-throated warbler, wren; Available streambanks beaver, chipmunk, cottontail, deer, gopher, opossum, raccoon, squirrel, white-footed mouse, wild turkey Food: Acorns