DOCSLIB.ORG

Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala Open-File Report 01–432 Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala 1 Cover photograph Agua volcano viewed from the west. (Photo by J.W. Vallance). 2 Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala Lahar-Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala By S.P. Schilling, J.W. Vallance, O. Matías, and M.M Howell U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 01-432 Vancouver, Washington U.S.A. 2001 Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala 3 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Gale Norton, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: Scientist-in-Charge U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Bldg. 10 P.O. Box 25286 Vancouver, WA 98683 Denver, CO 80225 (360) 993-8900 (303) 202-4210 FAX: (360) 993-8980 4 Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Debris Avalanches, Landslides, and Lahars ............................................................................................... 4 Future Landslides and Lahars at Agua Volcano ......................................................................................... 5 Lahar-Hazard-Zonation Map ..................................................................................................................... 5 Proximal lahar-hazard zone.................................................................................................................. 5 Distal lahar-hazard zones ..................................................................................................................... 6 Hazard Forecasts and Warnings................................................................................................................. 6 Protecting Communities and Citizens from Lahar Hazards ....................................................................... 6 References .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Additional Suggested Reading ................................................................................................................... 8 End Notes ................................................................................................................................................... 8 PLATE [In pocket] 1. Lahar hazards of Agua volcano, Guatemala..Proximal and distal hazard zones from lahars at Agua volcano. FIGURES 1. Locations of major cities and significant Quaternary volcanoes in Guatemala including Agua volcano .................................................................................................................... 1 2 Schematic map showing the areal extent of and two cross-sections for the Casita, Nicaragua, debris flow of 1998 ........................................................................................................ 3 Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala 5 6 Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala By S.P. Schilling, J.W. Vallance, O. Matías1, and M.M Howell INTRODUCTION 92o W. 90o W. At 3760 m, Agua volcano towers more MEXICO 1 than 3500 m above the Pacific coastal plain o to the south and 2000 m above the 16 N. Guatemalan highlands to the north GUATEMALA (figure 1). The volcano is within 5 to 10 zaltenango kilometers (km) of Antigua, Guatemala and Guatem several other large towns situated on its Tacana northern apron. These towns have a combined population of nearly 100,000. It is within about 20 km of Escuintla go ua (population, ca. 100,000) to the south. Highlands Though the volcano has not been active in San Pedro historical time [1] (numerals in brackets Fuego 4 ific 5 refer to end notes in the report), or about the 14oN. l Pl last 500 years, it has the potential to c e n produce debris flows (watery flows of mud, rock, and debris—also known as lahars when they occur on a volcano) that could inundate these nearby populated areas. Figure 1. Locations of major cities and significant Quaternary volcanoes in Guatemala including Agua volcano adapted from In late October and early November Vallance et al. (1995). Circles indicate major cities, solid 1998, torrential rains of Hurricane Mitch triangles indicate active volcanoes and open triangles indicate caused numerous slope failures in Central dormant volcanoes. Atitlán is a large silicic caldera. America, the most catastrophic of which occurred at Casita volcano, Nicaragua on 1 Instituto sismología, vocanología, meteorología, y hidrología (INSIVUMEH), Guatemala. Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala 7 October 30, 1998. At Casita, five days of heavy muertes y danos que sucedieron fue tanta rain triggered a 1.6-million-cubic-meter rock and la tormenta de la piedra que trago por debris avalanche that generated a 2- to 4-million- delante el agua y la mucha madera y cubic-meter debris flow that swept down the steep árboles que los que lo uimos estábamose slopes of the volcano, spread out across the admirados entro por la casa de la del volcano’s apron, destroyed two towns, and killed Adelantado don Pedro Alvarado que aya more than 2500 people [2]. The avalanche did not gloria que llevo todas las paredes y dam the upper drainages or impound water. tezado como esetaba mas de en tire de Rather, it appears that the Casita debris flow ballesta…(Marroquín) [1]. evolved directly as the avalanche moved down El memorabilisimo [suceso] de 11 de slope [2]. septiembre de 1541, que totalmente On October 30, 1998 between 10:30 and arruinó la ciudad vieja de Guatemala … 11:00 a.m., residents south of Casita heard a continuándose por muchos días, que a no roaring noise like helicopters or thunder. Some prevenir al aviso de un ruidoso estruendo thought an earthquake was occurring. Three to como por debajo de tierra, hubieran five minutes thereafter, a wave of muddy debris causado los terremotos, que hubo después 1.0-1.3 km wide and an average of 3.5 m deep de la ruina de la ciudad, aun más destroyed all traces of two towns (figure 2). muertas, que en las que en ella hubo, Observations by survivors record an enormous siendo en número de más de seiscientas flood on the slopes of the volcano and a wall of personas. Bastantemente expresan las mud on the volcano apron. A person on the juntas, y funciones de Cabildo esta volcano slopes saw a “black curtain of water with tribulación; pues en todas las que se trees.” On the apron of the volcano where the flow tuvieron para conseguir mudar la ciudad, spread out, survivors describe the flow as—“an dicen, estar casi continuamente infernal wave of mud, rocks, and trees,” or temblando la tierra (Vázquez 1937:1:154) “enormous mass of mud.” [2]. The debris flow [1]. moved about 10 km from its source. It also generated floods that moved an additional 10 km [English translation:] downstream, destroying roads and bridges and This has been a year of much rain, and inundating homes. having been raining Thursday, Friday and No large debris flows occurred at Agua volcano Saturday, with strong winds and not much during Hurricane Mitch, but historical accounts water, the mentioned “lavada” [wash, indicate that such events have occurred there in the means heavy rain or the debris flow?] past. On September 11, 1541, heavy rains caused happened two hours into the night. A a debris flow that inundated Cuidad Vieja (plate 1), great storm of water came from atop the killed more than 600 people, and destroyed the volcano (Agua) which is above the city, it town [1]. Cuidad Vieja was the capitol city of was so sudden that [we] did not ... prevent Guatemala in 1541. After the destruction of the deaths and damages that happened; Cuidad Vieja, the capital moved to Antigua the stone storm [debris flow] was so huge Guatemala. The following eyewitness accounts that it swallowed the water in front of it, record this event. and much wood and trees, those who saw it were impressed, it entered through the Este año a sido de muchas aguas y house of the “Adelantado” don Pedro habiento llovido jueves y viernes y sábado Alvarado, and it took away all the walls con mucho viento y no mucha agua el and the roof …(Marroquín) [1]. dicho lavada serían como es dicho dos horas de noche. Vino muy gran tormenta The well remembered [event] of de agua de lo alto del volcán (Agua) que September 11th, 1541, that totally esta encima de la ciudad fue tan súpito destroyed old Guatemala City [this first que no … para poder remediar las capital is now named Cuidad Vieja] … 8 Lahar Hazards at Agua Volcano, Guatemala 830 A 820 FLOW I FLOW I deposits 810 A' FLOW I FLOW II Head scarp La Ollada 1998 collapse 800 Crater 1405 Volcán Casita 790 Pre-flow land surface Sites of previous 00 0 780 13 1 20 FLOW II deposits flank collapses 0 770 10 1 00 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 10 Overflow to 0 Horizontal Distance, in meters 9 0 80 Argelia 320 Deposit thickness diagrammatic 310 15 cm levee 300 B' B A' Argelia Altitude, in meters above sea level Channel fill FLOW I deposits Versalles A Bella Vista 290 tree FLOW I 280 700 270 La Pelona FLOW II 600
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FILOGEOGRAFÍA DE LOS RATONES DEL GRUPO Peromyscus Mexicanus EN EL NORTE DE CENTROAMÉRICA
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS INSTITUDO DE ECOLOGÍA BIOLOGÍA EVOLUTIVA FILOGEOGRAFÍA DE LOS RATONES DEL GRUPO Peromyscus mexicanus EN EL NORTE DE CENTROAMÉRICA TESIS QUE PARA OPTAR POR EL GRADO DE: DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS PRESENTA: SERGIO GUILLERMO PÉREZ CONSUEGRA TUTORA PRINCIPAL DE TESIS: DRA. ELLA VÁZQUEZ DOMÍNGUEZ INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGÍA, UNAM COMITÉ TUTOR: DR. DANIEL IGNACIO PIÑERO DALMAU INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGÍA, UNAM DR. JORGE ERWIN LÓPEZ GUTIÉRREZ ESCUELA DE BIOLOGÍA, USAC MÉXICO, CD. MX. MAYO, 2016 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). El uso de imágenes, fragmentos de videos, y demás material que sea objeto de protección de los derechos de autor, será exclusivamente para fines educativos e informativos y deberá citar la fuente donde la obtuvo mencionando el autor o autores. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. COORDINACIÓN Dr. Isidro Ávila Martinez Director General de Administración Escolar, UNAM P r e s e n t e Me permito informar a usted. que el Subcomité de Ecología y Manejo Integral de Ecosistemas. en su sesión ordinaria del día 29 de febrero de 2016, aprobó el jurado para la presentación de su examen para obtener el grado de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS. del Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas. del alumno PÉREZ CONSUEGRA SERGIO GUILLERMO con número de cuenta 510452133 con lA la tesis titulada" FILOGEOGRAFiA DE LOS RATONES DEL GRUPO Peromyscus mexicanus EN EL NORTE DE CENTROAMERICA", bajo la dirección de la DRA.
    [Show full text]
  • Mombacho Lodge
    Mombacho Lodge Granada, Nicaragua About Mombacho Lodge ust north of the great city of Granada, Nicaragua lies Mombacho Lodge in full view of the volcano of its namesake. Here Jyou will find some of the best White-winged dove hunting in the world. This simple open-air lodge affords great comfort and service located in a private compound just off the highway that leads to the nearby hunting fields. Come and visit one of the most beautiful and safe hunting areas in the Americas. Theour outfitter Outfitter will be the hard working Taino Family Yconsisting of father Bruno and his two sons Frederico and Carlo. Together they have a combined 40 plus years of operating dove and duck hunts in both Mexico and Nicaragua. They are truly a team and understand the hospitality business and often host trips to nearby Granada and its famous Calle La Calzada, along with visits to the Masaya Volcano and Laguna de Apoyo Crater Lake. They have the proper equipment, experience and staff to make your stay an enjoyable one. The Hunting uring the last 43 years Trek has arranged or inspected dove hunts Din every country in Central America and we have noted a change in the migration patterns of the White-winged dove. Traditionally they migrate south to Central America in late October and back to the U.S.in late March, but in recent times they are becoming more and more domesticated. With improved irrigation technology farmers are now able to grow crops like, peanuts, sorghum and corn year round offering White-wings plenty to eat and less of a reason to fly hundreds of miles north.
    [Show full text]
  • Motorcycle Tour
    +49 (0)40 468 992 48 Mo-Fr. 10:00h to 19.00h Nicaragua - Volcanoes and Lakes - Motorcycle Tour (M-ID: 2179) https://www.motourismo.com/en/listings/2179-nicaragua-volcanoes-and-lakes-motorcycle-tour from €3,350.00 Dates and duration (days) On request 16 days 11/26/2021 - 12/11/2021 16 days 12/17/2021 - 01/01/2022 16 days 03/18/2022 - 04/02/2022 16 days Nicaragua is one of the poorest but also one of the safest countries in Central America. It's perfect for discovering it by motorbike. The country is authentic and the people are very friendly road, we get a wonderful view of the Momotombo volcano and helpful. Here there are still many quiet and unpaved at Lake Xolotlan. In the village of La Paz Centro we take a roads "off the beaten track". It offers a lot of variety in a shortcut again and arrive in the beautiful city of León, the relatively small area. cultural, religious and intellectual heart of Nicaragua. Start and destination of our trip is the oldest city of Central DAY 3: LEÓN (100 km) America, Granada. A beautiful colonial city with beautiful Today's a day off. You have time to visit the old colonial cobblestone streets, impressive churches and cathedrals, city. If you prefer motorcycling, you can take a tour of the countless restored colonial buildings and cosy plazas. We volcanic chains from Leòn, as well as a detour to visit the active volcano Masaya and look into its smoking Chichigalpa, where the world-famous rum comes from.
    [Show full text]
  • Central America
    Zone 1: Central America Martin Künne Ethnologisches Museum Berlin The paper consists of two different sections. The first part has a descriptive character and gives a general impression of Central American rock art. The second part collects all detailed information in tables and registers. I. The first section is organized as follows: 1. Profile of the Zone: environments, culture areas and chronologies 2. Known Sites: modes of iconographic representation and geographic context 3. Chronological sequences and stylistic analyses 4. Documentation and Known Sites: national inventories, systematic documentation and most prominent rock art sites 5. Legislation and institutional frameworks 6. Rock art and indigenous groups 7. Active site management 8. Conclusion II. The second section includes: table 1 Archaeological chronologies table 2 Periods, wares, horizons and traditions table 3 Legislation and National Archaeological Commissions table 4 Rock art sites, National Parks and National Monuments table 5 World Heritage Sites table 6 World Heritage Tentative List (2005) table 7 Indigenous territories including rock art sites appendix: Archaeological regions and rock art Recommended literature References Illustrations 1 Profile of the Zone: environments, culture areas and chronologies: Central America, as treated in this report, runs from Guatemala and Belize in the north-west to Panama in the south-east (the northern Bridge of Tehuantepec and the Yucatan peninsula are described by Mr William Breen Murray in Zone 1: Mexico (including Baja California)). The whole region is characterized by common geomorphologic features, constituting three different natural environments. In the Atlantic east predominates extensive lowlands cut by a multitude of branched rivers. They cover a karstic underground formed by unfolded limestone.
    [Show full text]
  • Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories Initiative
    Versión 1.0, 14 de octubre de 2015 www.earthobservations.org/gsnl.php Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories Initiative A.1 Proposal Title: Volcano-tectonic Geohazard Interaction within the Nicaraguan Depression Volcanoes: Cosiguina, San Cristóbal, Telica, Cerro Negro, Momotombo, Península de Chiltepe, Masaya and Concepción A.2 Supersite Coordinator Email (Organization only) [email protected] Name: Iris Valeria Surname: Cruz Martínez Position: Director General of Geology and Geophysics Personal website: <In case a personal web page does not exist, please provide a CV below this table> Institución: Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales-INETER- Nicaragua Type of institution Government (Government, Education, other): The institution's web address: https://www.ineter.gob.ni/ Address: Front of Solidarity Hospital City: Managua Postal Code/Postal Code: 2110 Managua, Nicaragua Country: Nicaragua Province, Territory, State or Managua County: Phone number: Tel. +505-22492761 Fax +505-22491082 1 Versión 1.0, 14 de octubre de 2015 A.3 Core Supersite Team Email (Organization only) [email protected] Name: Federico Vladimir Surname: Gutiérrez Corea Position: Director of the Nicaraguan Institute of Territorial Studies-INETER- Nicaragua Personal website: http://www.vlado.es/ http://uni.academia.edu/FedericoVLADIMIRGutierrez/Curriculu mVitae Institution: Nicaraguan Institute of Territorial Studies-INETER-Nicaragua Type of institution Government (Government, Education, others): Institution's web address: https://www.ineter.gob.ni/
    [Show full text]
  • Gravity and Geodesy of Concepción Volcano, Nicaragua
    Downloaded from specialpapers.gsapubs.org on January 14, 2014 Geological Society of America Special Papers Gravity and geodesy of Concepción Volcano, Nicaragua José Armando Saballos, Rocco Malservisi, Charles B. Connor, et al. Geological Society of America Special Papers 2013;498; 77-88 doi:10.1130/2013.2498(05) E-mail alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions to subscribe to Geological Society of America Special Papers Permission request click www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA. Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. Notes © 2013 Geological Society of America Downloaded from specialpapers.gsapubs.org on January 14, 2014 The Geological Society of America Special Paper 498 2013 Gravity and geodesy of Concepción Volcano, Nicaragua José Armando Saballos* Rocco Malservisi Charles B.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts About Nicaragua, “Land of Fire and Water”
    Facts about Nicaragua, “Land of Fire and Water” ◦ Nicaragua is the largest country in Central America. Its area is about 50,000 square miles, which is close in size to the state of Virginia (Virginia is about 43,000 square miles). ◦The capital of Nicaragua is Managua. ◦ Nicaragua is known as the land of fire and water because it has numerous volcanoes and lakes, as well as two coastlines. ◦There are 19 active and extinct volcanoes on the Pacific side of the country. See web cam images and animations of some of Nicaragua’s volcanoes: http://web- geofisica.ineter.gob.ni/webcam/ Locations of some of Nicaragua’s volcanoes ◦ Spanish is the official language and is spoken by most people in Nicaragua. English and some native languages are spoken on the Caribbean coast. ◦ Nicaragua is the second poorest country in the Americas. Most people in the country work hard, but many struggle to have enough to take care of all their basic needs. ◦The school year in Nicaragua is from early February through late November. Because of a limited number of teachers, schools, and resources, the school day is divided into two shifts and all students attend either in the morning or the afternoon. 1 ◦About 4 out of every 10 children in Nicaragua stop attending school by the age of 15, most often because they need to work to help support their families. ◦The country flag has three horizontal stripes: a white stripe in the middle with a blue stripe above and below it. In the center is the national seal, consisting of a triangle which represents equality and justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan De Accion Powpa Nicaragua 2012 Sinap 290512 Parte I
    N I C A R A G U A Mayo, 2012 Plan de Acción para la Implementación del Programa de Trabajo sobre Áreas Protegidas de la Convención sobre la Diversidad Biológica Nicaragua, 2012 1 Contenido Información de las áreas protegidas:............................................................................................................3 Descripción del sistema de áreas protegidas................................................................................................7 Avance y Planes para la Consecución de los Objetivos del Programa de Trabajo Sobre Áreas Protegidas13 Planes de acción para completar las actividades prioritarias para la total implementación del Programa de Trabajo sobre Áreas Protegidas.............................................................................................................14 Áreas Protegidas Terrestres........................................................................................................................14 Áreas Protegidas Marino Costeros .............................................................................................................16 Evaluación de los vacíos ecológicos............................................................................................................23 Evaluación de la Efectividad del Manejo ....................................................................................................24 Evaluación de la sostenibilidad financiera..................................................................................................25 Evaluación
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Nacional Autónoma De Nicaragua
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE NICARAGUA CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES Y ESTUDIOS DE LA SALUD ESCUELA DE SALUD PÚBLICA DE NICARAGUA MAESTRIA EN EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2003 - 2004 INFORME DE TESIS PARA OPTAR AL TITULO DE MAESTRO EN EPIDEMIOLOGIA Factores Socioculturales relacionados a la Vulnerabilidad ante la Amenaza Volcánica en la comunidad de San José del Sur, Isla de Ometepe, Rivas 2004 AUTORES Ronnie José Avendaño Guzmán, MD José Isidro Alvarado Pasos, MD Pedro José Bejarano Martínez, MD TUTOR José Ramón Espinoza, MD Especialista en Medicina Interna MsC. Salud Pública Rivas, 2004 DEDICATORIA El presente trabajo está dedicado a la población del municipio de Moyogalpa, Isla de Ometepe, especialmente a la comunidad de San José del Sur, la cual es una comunidad que se encuentra en alta vulnerabilidad por la amenaza del volcán Concepción, y que con sus esfuerzos han sabido convivir con el volcán. AGRADECIMIENTOS Queremos agradecer en primer lugar a Dios nuestro señor por darnos la vida y compartir con nosotros nuestras dificultades y nuestras victorias. En segundo lugar a nuestros padres, hermanos, que con sus esfuerzos hemos podido alcanzar los escalones que tiene la vida, siendo éste uno más que no lo podríamos lograr sin el apoyo de ellos. A nuestras esposas e hijos, por su comprensión, y el tiempo que no les hemos dedicado para poder estudiar. A nuestro docentes por transmitirnos sus conocimientos y el tiempo que compartieron con nosotros. A nuestro tutor el Dr. José Ramón Espinoza, por el apoyo incondicional y sus consejos para poder lograr nuestros objetivos. A nuestros compañeros de estudio por poder compartir las clases y darnos apoyo cuando lo necesitábamos.
    [Show full text]
  • Estudio Técnico De Linea Base Del Complejo Volcánico Acatenango - Fuego
    ESTUDIO TÉCNICO DE LINEA BASE DEL COMPLEJO VOLCÁNICO ACATENANGO - FUEGO Índice I. EQUIPO TECNICO .....................................................................................................................1 II. RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ...........................................................................................................2 III. ANTECEDENTES.....................................................................................................................3 IV. METODOLOGÍA ......................................................................................................................5 V. CARACTERIZACION DEL ÁREA ........................................................................................10 VI. ACTIVIDADES POTENCIALES ..........................................................................................48 VII. DEFINICIÓN DE OBJETOS DE CONSERVACIÓN ........................................................49 VIII. CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................................51 IX. RECOMENDACIONES ..........................................................................................................51 X. BIBLIOGRAFIA .......................................................................................................................53 XI. ANEXOS ..................................................................................................................................57 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Y CUADROS Figura 1. Delimitación del
    [Show full text]
  • Aip Guatemala Enr 5.3-1 19 Aug 16 Aim Guatemala Aip Amdt 5/16
    AIP GUATEMALA ENR 5.3-1 19 AUG 16 ENR 5.3 OTRAS ACTIVIDADES DE ÍNDOLE PELIGROSA Límites Medidas Autoridad Límites Observaciones Verticales Aconsejables Aconsejables Laterales Elevación y Número (Advertencia) (Advertencia) 1 2 3 4 5 Al Oeste de Guatemala Estrato volcán compuesto, activo con Altura señales de bordes de caldera anular y VOLCÁN TACANÁ 4,092 metros sobre el nivel pequeños domos encima, con esporádicas 15 07 54N del mar y 2,300 de altura erupciones freáticas y emisión fumarólica Con actividad fumarólica no INSIVUMEH 092 06 30W relativa en 1855, 1878, 1903, 1949, 1950, mayo explosiva. 1986 que dio origen a un pequeño cráter Departamento de San Marcos Número 1401-13 a 3,600 metros en el flanco noreste del volcán. VOLCÁN TAJUMULCO Altura 15 02 33N 4,220 metros sobre el nivel Estrato volcán compuesto, elevado sobre 091 54 14W del mar, con una altura altas mesetas con actividad fumarólica y INSIVUMEH relativa de 1,200 metros. explosiones en 1821 y 1863. Departamento de San Marcos Número 1401-02 Estrato volcán compuesto, se estima que ha tenido actividad durante los últimos Altura 30,000 años, con reposos de cientos de VOLCÁN SANTA MARÍA 3,772 metros sobre el nivel años, la última gran erupción se efectuó 14 45 23N del mar, altura relativa de en 1902, de tipo pliniano, la ceniza 91 33 06W 1,500 metros. transportada al oeste noroeste a una INSIVUMEH altura de 28 kilómetros, extendiéndose Departamento de Quetzaltenango Número 1401-03 1,500 kilómetros llegando a territorio Mexicano hasta la ciudad de Huaxaca.
    [Show full text]
  • Recomendaciones a Fin De Enriquecer Esta Investigación
    RECINTO UNIVERSITARIO RUBÉN DARÍO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS E INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA Seminario de graduación para optar a título de Ingeniero Geólogo. ACTUALIZACIÓN CARTOGRÁFICA Y GEOQUÍMICA DE AGUAS TERMALES DEL SUR DEL VOLCÁN MOMBACHO ORIENTADO A PROSPECCIÓN DE RECURSO GEOTÉRMICO¨. Presenta: Br. Lisbeth de los Ángeles Herrera García Tutor: MSc. Gema Velásquez Espinoza Asesor: Ing. Mayela Sánchez Managua, 2017 Agradecimientos A mi familia, por su espíritu alentador, permanente apoyo y comprensión. A mi tutora Ing. Gema Velásquez y mi asesora Mayela Sánchez por la paciencia y buena voluntad de guiar esta investigación. A la Empresa Nicaragüense de Electricidad, dirigida por el Ing. Ernesto Tiffer; por quien dicho trabajo ha sido posible. A la Dirección de Estudios Geotérmicos de ENEL, Ing. Melba Sú, Ing. Ariel Zuñiga quienes han sido de gran apoyo durante el desarrollo de la investigación. A mis compañeros, por sus observaciones, sugerencias y recomendaciones a fin de enriquecer esta investigación. A todos, muchas gracias. FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS E INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA 2017: “AÑO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD EMPRENDEDORA” 15 de noviembre, 2017 MSc. Elim Campo Director Departamento de Tecnología Presente Estimado Msc. Campo El motivo de la presente es para comunicarle que he dirigido y revisado el trabajo de Seminario de Graduación elaborado por la Br.: Lisbeth de los Ángeles Herrera García de la carrera de Ingeniería Geológica de la UNAN-Mangua. Dicho trabajo lleva por título "Actualización cartográfica y geoquímica de aguas termales del sur del volcán Mombacho orientado a prospección de recursos geotérmico". Dado lo anterior, ratifico que el trabajo realizado contiene conocimientos que son científicamente aceptados y técnicamente prácticos, enmarcados en el tema.
    [Show full text]