BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St

Home , Little finger

Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Student ID#: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Student Name Team Name: A Team Lab Assignment #: Lab#2 Lab Title: Personal Genetic Profile Date: 2014-02-22

Purpose / Objective(s): . Profile common genetic traits in myself and relatives in my family tree * (Please note, some information is limited, as I am adopted, and have minimal information on my birth mother). . Profile common genetic traits in Bio 105 class . Determine patterns of genetic inheritance in my family tree . Compare female traits of my family to female classmates . Compare male traits of class with my family’s males

Hypotheses:

The following genetic traits should demonstrate independent genetic inheritance patterns within my class and family: . Females in Bio 105 should have genetically diverse traits expressed . Males in Bio 105 should have genetically diverse traits expressed . Females in my family will not resemble traits of class females . Males in my family will not resemble traits of class males . A genetic trait that exists with myself and my children, Gorlin’s Sign (touching tongue to nose) will be a minority in class data, as in society, it’s prevalent only in 10% of the population.. I learned about Gorlin’s sign in my Rheumatology textbook, and it is also noticed up to 50% in people with “hyper flexible Joints” Ehler’s Dalos Syndrome. As I’m adopted, I’m curious to see what traits I’ve passed onto my children. I’ve been diagnosed with Ankylosing Spondylitis, and curious to see if my children will also be susceptible to this disease.

Materials / Subjects / Specimens; . . A total of 39 students and one teacher in Bio 105 class were asked their common genetic traits and a few extra traits for extra credit. They were recorded and added class tables of data.(see Tables #2 and 3) . I recorded my personal genetic information (see table# 1) . I asked generic traits among my family and recorded in a table o Self o Birth Mom (limited data)

Page 1 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

o Son o Daughter o Ex-Husband o (see tables #6 and 7 )

Methods / Tools / Instrumentation / Procedures; . The standard generic traits asked were: o Bent Little finger o Astigmatism o Free Vs Attached Ear lobe o Hitch Hiker Thumb o Far-sighted o Tongue Rolling o Interlacing Fingers o Widow’s peak o Dimpled Chin o Pigments iris o Mid-digital Hair o Freckles

Morton’s Toe . The extra credit genetic traits asked were: Gorlin’s Sign o Gorlin’s sign (touching tongue to nose; prevalent in Ehler’s Danlos Syndrome, joint hypermobility, some rheumatic diseases and disorders) o Curly or Straight Hair o Morton’s Toe (where the 2nd Phalanx is longer than the 1st Phalanx, also known as the Hallux in Latin or “Big Toe” in common speech o Handedness: Right or Left-Handedness Large Nose o Nose: Thin or Thick Nasal above nostril

Results

. Table #1 summarizes personal genetic traits of Cathy XYZ

. Table #2 summarizes the total sum of Biology 105 class common and Extra Credit genetic traits

. Table #3 summarizes the Biology 105 class percentage in common genetic traits and Extra Credit genetic traits

. Table #4 summarizes common genetic female traits in my family and Extra Credit genetic traits

. Table #5 summarizes common genetic male traits in my family and Extra Credit genetic traits

Page 2 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

. Table #6 summarizes XYZ Family females percentages of genetic traits

 Table #7 summarizes XYZ Family male percentages of genetic traits

Analysis: Graphs

. Figure 1 shows a graph of Biology Class Females vs. Class Males. An interesting observation is that of cumulative classes, more females than males have genetic traits of bent little finger, straight thumb, tongue rolling, dimples and pigmented eyes than class males.

. Figure 2 shows a graph of Biology Class Females vs. XYZ Family Females. 10 of the class females had Morton’s Toe, while zero of my family had this feature of the 2nd toe or phalanx being longer.

. Figure 3 shows a graph of Biology Class Males vs. XYZ Family Males. Class males were quite high for bent little finger, while my family was zero for males. Mid-digital hair was also quite high for class versus XYZ males.

. Figure 4 shows a graph of XYZ Family Females vs. Family Males. Females have thin noses. All of us have pigmented irises (blue) and the hitchhiker thumb. None have a bent little finger. Males have Widow’s Peak and mid-digital hair but women do not.

. Figure 5 shows a graph of XYZ Family Males and Females, and Biology Class Males and Females. Mid-digital hair is even for class females and males. Class has a much higher rate of brown or pigmented eyes than does my family Same with the Morton’s Toe feature (2nd toe or 2nd phalanx is longer than 1st toe or phalanx

. Figure 6 shows a graph of Biology Class Males vs XYZ Family Females. Class males are much higher proportionally than family females with pigmented eyes, bent little finger, and Widow’s Peak. Family females were higher proportionally with thin noses versus class males with wider noses.

. Figure 7 shows a graph of Biology Class Females vs XYZ Family Males. Class females were higher proportionally than family males for Morton’s Toe. Right-Handed dominant was proportional to society of 90% right-handed and 10% left-handed.

Page 3 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Analysis: Tables

. Table #1 shows my personal data. I do have specific recessive traits, such as being left-handed and Gorlin’s Sign, which reflect a higher risk of having autoimmune diseases (I’m diagnosed with Graves Disease, Sjogren’s Syndrome, and Ankylosing Spondylitis), . My children have the Gorlin’s Sign and Graves Disease antibodies, but are right-handed. They have not shown signs of any autoimmune diseases yet. http://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/19/science/some-disorders-appear-to-be-linked-to-being-left-handed.html

. Table #2 shows the totals of Cumulative Biology 105 students with Dominant Genetic Traits. I’m surprised to see such high numbers of dominant traits such as eye pigmentation, Far-sightedness, and hair on the mid digit. Left-handedness vs. right-handedness follows statistical norms (90% right, 10%left), with 36 students being right handed and 4 being left handed. http://www.livescience.com/19968-study-reveals-lefties-rare.html Statistically surprising was the statistics for the class on Gorlin’s sign (being able to touch your tongue to your nose). Class numbers showed 13/39 with this trait, which is 33%. Humans average 8-10% for this trait. https://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-67/issue-6/330.html As the class total was for 39 people, it may have just been a small number total; perhaps over 200-1000 students would have statistics of around 10% instead.

 Table #3 shows same observations as above in Table #2, this table with the percentages. For hair, Widow’s peak is dominant, but in class, it shows as the minority, with only 26%. Similar with dimpled chin/cheek at just 28%, where dimples are a dominant trait. Perhaps the school pool of students from specific ethnic backgrounds of Hispanic and Asian vs. European or Caucasian descent shifted the class majority.

 Table #4 shows the XYZ Family Female Genetic Traits. I am the only left-handed member, my children are right handed, my birth mother was also right handed. So possibly my birth father was left handed, or grandparents on either sided had the left handed recessive trait and passed this onto me. My daughter got her dimple from her Dad (he has the chin cleft) and the freckles from us both.

 Table #5 shows the XYZ Family Male Genetic Traits. The males are all right handed, have blue eyes, free earlobes, straight little fingers, hitchhiker thumbs, are farsighted, with freckles, and no Morton’s Toe present. My son did get the tongue rolling trait from me and can also touch his tongue to his nose, whereas his Dad’s tongue does not roll (recessive trait) and cannot touch his tongue to his nose.

 Table #6 shows the Percentages of XYZ Family Females with Genetic Traits, similar to Table #4. All are blue eyed. My birth mother and I both wore glasses (near-sighted) whereas my daughter does not need glasses. No females have the dominant trait of the Widow’s Peak. My daughter and I each have wavy hair. My birth mother had straight hair. So possibly my birth father had curly or wavy hair, or a grandparent on either side had this feature and passed it down to us.

 Table #7 shows Percentage of XYZ Family Males with Genetic Traits, similar to Table #5. Males have straight hair. Only one has dimples and mid- digital hair.

Page 4 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

ATTACHMENTS

Summary / Formal / Conclusive Results / Tables, Charts, Illustrations

Table #1. Personal GENETIC TRAITS

Category Characteristic Expression Phenotype Genotype digit Bent Little Finger B for bent is dominant Straight bb digit Hitch Hikers Thumb h for hitch hiker is recessive Curved Thumb hh digit Interlacing Fingers L Thumb L for left thumb on top is dominant Left thumb on top L_

eye / vision Eye Color / Pigmented iris P for pigmented is dominant Blue eyes pp

eye / vision Astigmatism S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision Astigmatic ss

eye / vision Far-sighted E for eagle is dominant to normal vision Nearsighted ee hair Widow's Peak W peak is dominant no peak ww hair Mid-digital Hair M for hair on mid digit is dominant None mm

head Free vs Attached Ear Lobe a for attached is recessive Free / Hanging A_ head Tongue Rolling R for roller is dominant Roller R_ skin Dimples / Dimpled Chin D for dimpled is dominant no dimples dd skin Freckles F is dominant no freckles ff Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to Tongue X for NOT having it (it’s recessive) have Gorlin's xx nose Hair Curly or Straight Y for Wavy Hair wavy hair Yy Morton’s Toe: 2nd toe longer than Toes T for NOT having Morton’s toe 2nd toe shorter tt the first is dominant Hands Right or Left handed G for being Right-Handed (dominant) left handed qq Nose Nose thin or fat J for having a fat/wide nose nose thin jj

Page 5 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Table #2. Summary of the presence of common traits of cumulative BIO 105 students and Spring 2014’s extra credit GENETIC TRAITS

Category Characteristic Expression Totals digit Bent Little Finger B for bent is dominant 182 digit Hitch Hikers Thumb h for hitch hiker is recessive 196 digit Interlacing Fingers L Thumb L for left thumb on top is dominant 207 eye / vision Eye Color / Pigmented iris P for pigmented is dominant 182 eye / vision Astigmatism S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision 198 eye / vision Far-sighted E for eagle is dominant to normal vision 197 hair Widow's Peak W peak is dominant 189 hair Mid-digital Hair M for hair on mid digit is dominant 215 head Free vs Attached Ear Lobe a for attached is recessive 177 head Tongue Rolling R for roller is dominant 181 skin Dimples / Dimpled Chin D for dimpled is dominant 195 skin Freckles F is dominant 193 Tongue Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose X for NOT having it (it’s recessive) 13 Hair Curly or Straight Y for Wavy Hair 19 Toes 2nd toe longer than the first is dominant T for NOT having Morton’s toe 13 Hands Right or Left handed G for being Right-Handed (dominant) 36 Nose Nose thin or fat J for having a fat/wide nose 4

Page 6 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Table #3: Biology 105 Class Percentages of Common and Extra Credit GENETIC TRAITS: Category Characteristic Expression Percentage

digit Bent Little Finger B for bent is dominant 48%

digit Hitch Hikers Thumb h for hitch hiker is recessive 54%

digit Interlacing Fingers L Thumb L for left thumb on top is dominant 63%

eye / vision Eye Color / Pigmented iris P for pigmented is dominant 82%

eye / vision Astigmatism S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision 32%

eye / vision Far-sighted E for eagle is dominant to normal vision 49%

hair Widow's Peak W peak is dominant 26%

hair Mid-digital Hair M for hair on mid digit is dominant 33%

head Free vs Attached Ear Lobe a for attached is recessive 73%

head Tongue Rolling R for roller is dominant 71%

skin Dimples / Dimpled Chin D for dimpled is dominant 28%

skin Freckles F is dominant 25%

Tongue Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose X for NOT having it (it’s recessive) 33%

Hair Curly or Straight Y for Wavy Hair 48%

Toes 2nd toe longer than the first is dominant T for NOT having Morton’s toe 33%

Hands Right or Left handed G for being Right-Handed (dominant) 90%

Nose Nose thin or fat J for having a fat/wide nose 50%

Page 7 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Table #4: XYZ Family Female Common Genetic and Extra Credit Traits Family Females with Category Characteristic Expression Dominants Trait digit Bent Little Finger B for bent is dominant 0 digit Hitch Hikers Thumb h for hitch hiker is recessive 0 digit Interlacing Fingers L Thumb L for left thumb on top is dominant 2 eye / vision Eye Color / Pigmented iris P for pigmented is dominant 0 eye / vision Astigmatism S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision 1 eye / vision Far-sighted E for eagle is dominant to normal vision 1 hair Widow's Peak W peak is dominant 0 hair Mid-digital Hair M for hair on mid digit is dominant 0 head Free vs Attached Ear Lobe a for attached is recessive 3 head Tongue Rolling R for roller is dominant 2 skin Dimples / Dimpled Chin D for dimpled is dominant 1 skin Freckles F is dominant 1 Tongue Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose X for NOT having it (it’s recessive) 0 Hair Curly or Straight Y for Wavy Hair 2 Toes 2nd toe longer than the first is dominant T for NOT having Morton’s toe 0 Hands Right or Left handed G for being Right-Handed (dominant) 2 Nose Nose thin or fat J for having a fat/wide nose 3

Page 8 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Table #5 XYZ Family Male Common Genetic and Extra Credit Traits

Category Characteristic Expression Family Males

digit Bent Little Finger B for bent is dominant 0 digit Hitch Hikers Thumb h for hitch hiker is recessive 0 digit Interlacing Fingers L Thumb L for left thumb on top is dominant 2 eye / vision Eye Color / Pigmented iris P for pigmented is dominant 0 eye / vision Astigmatism S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision 2 eye / vision Far-sighted E for eagle is dominant to normal vision 2 hair Widow's Peak W peak is dominant 1 hair Mid-digital Hair M for hair on mid digit is dominant 1 head Free vs Attached Ear Lobe a for attached is recessive 2 head Tongue Rolling R for roller is dominant 1 skin Dimples / Dimpled Chin D for dimpled is dominant 1 skin Freckles F is dominant 2 Tongue Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose X for NOT having it (it’s recessive) 1 Hair Curly or Straight Y for Wavy Hair 0 Toes 2nd toe longer than the first is dominant T for NOT having Morton’s toe 0 Hands Right or Left handed G for being Right-Handed (dominant) 2 Nose Nose thin or fat J for having a fat/wide nose 1

Page 9 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Table #6: XYZ Family Female Trait Percentages of Common Genetic and Extra Credit Traits Family Category Characteristic Expression Female % digit Bent Little Finger B for bent is dominant 0% digit Hitch Hikers Thumb h for hitch hiker is recessive 0% digit Interlacing Fingers L Thumb L for left thumb on top is dominant 100% eye / vision Eye Color / Pigmented iris P for pigmented is dominant 0% eye / vision Astigmatism S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision 20% eye / vision Far-sighted E for eagle is dominant to normal vision 20% hair Widow's Peak W peak is dominant 0% hair Mid-digital Hair M for hair on mid digit is dominant 0% head Free vs Attached Ear Lobe a for attached is recessive 60% head Tongue Rolling R for roller is dominant 50% skin Dimples / Dimpled Chin D for dimpled is dominant 20% skin Freckles F is dominant 20% Tongue Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose X for NOT having it (it’s recessive) 0% Hair Curly or Straight Y for Wavy Hair 40% Toes 2nd toe longer than the first is dominant T for NOT having Morton’s toe 0% Hands Right or Left handed G for being Right-Handed (dominant) 40% Nose Nose thin or fat J for having a fat/wide nose 60%

Page 10 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Table #7: XYZ Family Male Percentages of Common Genetic and Extra Credit Traits Family Male Category Characteristic Expression % digit Bent Little Finger B for bent is dominant 0% digit Hitch Hikers Thumb h for hitch hiker is recessive 0% digit Interlacing Fingers L Thumb L for left thumb on top is dominant 50% eye / vision Eye Color / Pigmented iris P for pigmented is dominant 0% eye / vision Astigmatism S for astigmatic is dominant to normal vision 40% eye / vision Far-sighted E for eagle is dominant to normal vision 40% hair Widow's Peak W peak is dominant 20% hair Mid-digital Hair M for hair on mid digit is dominant 25% head Free vs Attached Ear Lobe a for attached is recessive 40% head Tongue Rolling R for roller is dominant 25% skin Dimples / Dimpled Chin D for dimpled is dominant 20% skin Freckles F is dominant 40% Tongue Gorlin's sign: touching tongue to nose X for NOT having it (it’s recessive) 25% Hair Curly or Straight Y for Wavy Hair 0% Toes 2nd toe longer than the first is dominant T for NOT having Morton’s toe 0% Hands Right or Left handed G for being Right-Handed (dominant) 40% Nose Nose thin or fat J for having a fat/wide nose 20%

Page 11 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #1: Graph of Biology 105 Cumulative Class Generic Traits and Spring 2014 Extra Credit Traits

Biology 105 Class Females vs. Class Males

140

120

T o 100 t a l 80

N u 60 m b Class Females e 40 Class Males r

Genetic Traits

Page 12 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #2: Graph of Biology 105 Female Class Traits vs. XYZ Family Female Traits Biology 105 Class Females vs. Odom Family Females

140

120

T o 100 t a l 80

N u 60 m b Class Females e Fam Females r 40 s

Genetic Traits

Page 13 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #3 Graph of Biology 105 Class Male Genetic Traits vs. XYZ Family Male Traits

Page 14 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #4 Graph of XYZ Family Female Genetic Traits vs. XYZ Family Male Traits

Page 15 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #5 Graph of Biology 105 Female and Male Traits, XYZ Family Female and Male Genetic Traits

Page 16 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #6 Graph of Biology 105 Class Male Traits vs. XYZ Family Female Genetic Traits

Page 17 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #7 Graph of Biology 105 Class Female Traits vs. XYZ Family Male Genetic Traits

Page 18 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure 1 : Family Tree for Eye Color, Astigmatism, and Near/Farsightedness

Cathy XYZ Family Tree

Mike's MOM Mike's DAD Blue Eyes pp MOM Green eyes pp No DAD Blue Eyes pp No Astigmatism Astigmatism UNKNOWN NearSighted nearsighted ee nearsighted ee ee

SPOUSE ME Blue Eyes pp Blue Eyes pp Normal Vision ss Astigmatic Ss farsighted Ee nearsighted ee

Daughter SON Blue Eyes pp Blue Eyes pp

Normal Vision ss Normal Vision ss farsighted Ee farsighted ee

Page 19 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #2 : Family Tree for Tongue Rolling and Gorlin’s Sign (Touching tongue to nose)

Cathy XYZ Family Tree

Mike's MOM Mike's DAD No Tongue No Tongue DAD MOM Rolling rr, Rolling rr , No UNKNOWN UNKNOWN No Gorlin's Gorlin's Sign X_ Sign X_

ME SPOUSE No Tongue Tongue Rolling rr, no Rolling R_

Gorlin's sign Xx AND Gorlin's Sign

SON Daughter Tongue Tongue Rolling Rr Rolling Rr

And Gorlin's Sign xx AND Gorlin's Sign xx

Page 20 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #3: Bent/Straight little finger (#5 Phalanx), Curved Thumb-Hitchhiker Thumb (#1 Phalanx or Pollex) and Left Thumb (Pollex) on top for interlacing fingers

Cathy XYZ Family Tree

MOM DAD UNKNOWN UNKNOWN

SPOUSE ME straight little finger bb straight little finger bb curved thumb hh left curved thumb hh left thumb on top L_ thumb on top L_

Daughter SON straight little finger bb straight little finger bb curved thumb hh left curved thumb hh left thumb on top Ll thumb on top Ll

Page 21 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Figure #4: Morton’s Toe (#2 Phalanx longer than #1 Phalanx/Big Toe

Cathy XYZ Family Tree

DAD MOM UNKNOWN UNKNOWN

ME SPOUSE No Morton's Toe tt No Morton's Toe tt

Daughter SON No Morton's Toe tt No Morton's Toe tt

Page 22 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202 Biology 105 – Human Biology Session: Spring 2014 Section: 55244 4 Units Class Location: UVC1 St. Helena Days / Time: Instructor: F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL

Observations: 1. Unfortunately, there is limited information on my biological family as I am adopted. I’m curious to get more information about my biological family. I did find out some information about my birth mother, but she died back in 1989 from complications due to breast cancer. Coincidentally, my adopted Mom had breast cancer in 1986. She is a survivor.

2. Cumulative Biology 105 class students provides a large pool of genetic traits for analysis. The class showed a near average of 50% for bent little finger, while my family females were zero. 82% of the class was dominant for brown eyes, while 100% of my family has the recessive genetic trait for blue eyes. I’m surprised to see such high numbers of dominant traits such as eye pigmentation, Far-sightedness, and hair on the mid digit.

3. My hypothesis of the class having society’s norm of 10% positive for Gorlin’s sign (touching tongue to nose) was proven incorrect. https://www.cda- adc.ca/jcda/vol-67/issue-6/330.htm Class came in much higher at 33%. This could be due to the smaller sample, or perhaps the genetic diversity of Asian and Mexican students includes the Gorlin’s sign. That would be interesting to research. Many Asians will have their faces turn red after drinking alcohol, while most Caucasians do not, so there are differences racially.

4. The class statistic for right handedness was same as society with 90%. http://www.livescience.com/19968-study-reveals-lefties-rare.html My family was close, with 80%, but with a smaller pool of candidates. I wonder if this recessive gene will possibly be inherited by my grandchildren. I wish I had genetic data available in a national data bank I could access on my birth father. As left handed people are more likely to get autoimmune diseases, I’d be curious to see classmates in 10-20 years to see if they have anything autoimmune-related.

5. In the future, I’d also like to see about doing genetic DNA testing for myself and kids to find more out about our genetic background. I have Graves Disease, Sjogren’s and Anklyosing Spondylitis. The kids have the thyroid antibodies for Graves Disease but are not active (TSI, Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobin). My Spondylitis is HLA-B27 negative, or seronegative. It’s possible that another HLA will test positive for me or them with additional testing. Another thing is to also look at monozygotic twin studies (identical twins/1 egg splitting). Rates for autoimmune diseases like MS, RA, and IBD among monozygotic twins can be 25-50%. http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/4/3/a007260.full

Page 23 of 23 BIO 105 Lab 2 Genetic Profile Example 151202