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134 OLD STREET, Islington, EC1V 9BL an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

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134 OLD STREET, Islington, EC1V 9BL an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment 134 OLD STREET, Islington, EC1V 9BL An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment June 2016 134 OLD STREET, Islington, EC1V 9BL An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment NGR: TQ324823 COMPASS ARCHAEOLOGY LIMITED 250 York Road Battersea London SE11 3SJ Telephone: 020 7801 9444 e-mail: [email protected] June 2016 Author: Florence Smith Nicholls ©Compass Archaeology Ltd. ii Abstract In September 2015 Compass Archaeology were commissioned to conduct an archaeological desk-based assessment, (DBA), on the site of 134 Old Street, in the Borough of Islington, London, EC1V 9BL. The DBA is produced in support of a planning application to demolish the existing structure and erect a new ground floor plus five-storey building and the creation of a basement. Through the course of this desk-based assessment it has become clear that the site lies on a road that has existed at least since the Roman period. As can be seen from Ralph Agas Civitas Londinium (fig.8), in the 1570s, Old Street still lay outside the city walls, and it wasn’t until 1658 (fig.9) that the site appears to have been built upon. By the mid-18th century (fig.14) there was more concentrated urban development in the study area. Richard Horwood’s Plan of London and Westminster 1799 (fig.15) provides the first clear cartographical representation of ‘Tilney Court’ and the associated building on the site of 134 Old Street. The format of street frontage building and rear court appears to have remained largely unchanged to the present day. The site is considered to hold low potential for archaeological remains from the Prehistoric to Saxon periods apart from chance isolated finds. It is possible that these levels have been truncated by later medieval or post-medieval developments. There is a medium chance of finding medieval stake holes and trampled surfaces, representing agricultural activity, as these have been discovered during excavations at 122-128 Old Street just 187ft away. More specifically, a watching brief report from the site advises: “The potential for survival for ancient ground surfaces (horizontal archaeological stratigraphy) is low. There is a greater potential for survival of cut features.”1 As 17th-18th features were also discovered at 122-128 Old Street, as well as numerous other post-medieval examples in the study area, it is surmised that the chance of finding archaeological remains from this period are medium to high. Due to the site’s location within the Moorfields Archaeological Priority Zone, the potential for locally significant 13th-18th century remains, and the perceived total loss of any potential archaeological remains through the excavation of a new basement some form of archaeological mitigation may be deemed necessary. Historic England have advised, (pre- planning), that this could involve monitoring of any geological test pits to establish the potential of archaeological remains to survive. Following this, areas of archaeological interest could be defined and full archaeological excavation of said areas could be undertaken, especially those identified within the footprint of the proposed basement. Any perceived need for further archaeological mitigation could be appended as a suitably worded condition onto any successful planning application rather than as a pre-planning condition. 1 Museum of London Archaeology (2007) 122-128 Old Street An Archaeological Watching Brief, p.10 iii Contents Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Acknowledgements 1 3 Objectives 2 4 Methodology 2 5 Archaeology, the historic environment and planning 2 6 Site location, geology and topography 5 7 Archaeological and historical background 7 8 Cartographic and documentary evidence for post-medieval development 21 9 The present site 39 10 The proposed development 46 11 Archaeological potential for the study site 51 12 Conclusions 52 13 Sources 53 Appendix I Pre-planning advice from Historic England 55 iv List of figures Front cover-Extract from Horwood’s Plan of the Cities of London and Westminster 1799 Page Fig.1 Site location plan 1 Fig.2 Map showing the site in relation to the Moorfields Archaeological Priority Area and the St Luke’s Conservation Area 4 Fig.3 Plan of site boundary 5 Fig.4 The site in relation to underlying geology as indicated by the BGS 2006 6 Fig.5 The site in relation to prehistoric, Roman, and medieval entries from 7 the GLHER Fig.6 The site in relation to post-medieval cemeteries mentioned in the 12 GLHER Fig.7 The site in relation to post-medieval entries from in the GLHER 13 Fig.8 Extract from Ralph Aga’s ‘Civitas Londinum’ c1570 21 Fig.9 Extract from Faithorne and Newcourt’s ‘Map of London’ 1658 22 Fig.10 Extract from John Senex’s ‘Plan of London’ 1720 23 Fig.11 Extract from Blome’s ‘Map of St. Gile’s Cripplegate Without’ 1720 24 Fig.12 Extract from John Stow’s ‘Map of Shoreditch, Norton Folgate and Crepplegate Without’ 1755 25 Fig.13 Extract from Benjamin Cole’s ‘A New and Accurate Survey of the Parish of St Andrews Holbourne’ 1756 26 Fig.14 Extract from John Rocque’s ‘Plan of the Cities of London, Westminster and Southwark’ 1769 27 Fig.15 Extract from Richard Horwood’s ‘Plan of London and Westminster’ 1799 28 Fig.16 Extract from Harry Margary’s ‘Balloon View of London’ 1851 29 Fig.17 Extract from Ordnance Survey Map of London First Edition Sheet XXVII 1872-77 30 Fig.18 Extract from Goad Insurance Plan London Sheet 140 1887 31 v Fig.19 Extract from Ordnance Survey Map London Sheet VII.45 1896 32 Fig.20 Extract from Ordnance Survey County Series 3rd Edition Map of London Sheet V6 1912-14 33 Fig.21 Extract from Ordnance Survey Plan, surveyed 1938 34 Fig.22 Extract from Aerial view of Old Street 1945 35 Fig.23 Extract from Ordnance Survey Plan, surveyed 1953 36 Fig.24 Photograph of Old Street looking towards Bunhill Row, 1969 37 Fig.25 Extract from Ordnance Survey Plan, surveyed 1975 38 Fig.26 Plan showing the direction of view of figs.27-36 39 Fig.27 View of the frontage of the site and pedestrian access into Tilney Court, 40 facing S Fig.28 Oblique view of site and its proximity to Old Street roundabout 40 facing NE Fig.29 Oblique view of site and the spire of St Luke’s church, facing NWW 41 Fig.30 Oblique view of pedestrian access into Tilney Court from Old Street 42 facing SSW Fig.31 View into Tilney Court, facing SSE 42 Fig.32 View towards Old Street in Tilney Court, facing NNW 43 Fig.33 View of the first floor of the site covering the pedestrian access 44 facing NNW Fig.34 West side of site facing Tilney Court, facing NEE 44 Fig.35 Oblique view of access to Old Street out of Tilney Court, facing NNE 45 Fig.36 View of residential buildings opposite the site, facing NNW 45 Fig.37 Proposed ground floor plan 46 Fig.38 Proposed basement plan 47 Fig.39 Roof plan 48 Fig.40 Proposed north-facing elevation onto Old Street 49 vi Fig.41 East-facing section through the proposed development 50 Figs.1, 4, 5-7, and 25 reproduced from OS data with the permission of the Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of HMSO ©Crown Copyright 2014. All rights reserved. Compass Archaeology Ltd, licence no. AL 100031317 Fig. 5, 26 and.37-41 reproduced from original drawings provided by Base Associates Fig.2 Adapted from Islington Borough Council’s Map of the St Luke’s Conservation Area vii 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 This document forms a summary of the findings of an archaeological desk-based assessment, (DBA), conducted on the site of 134 Old Street, in the Borough of Islington, London, EC1V 9BL. Fig.1: Location of the site on the Ordnance Survey Map 1:1250 2015 1.2 The DBA has been commissioned pre-planning in support of a planning application to demolish the existing structure and erect a new ground floor plus 5-storey building with additional basement space. This will entail considerable disturbance to underlying ground, especially as the existing structure does not have any form of basement. 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Compass Archaeology would like to thank YPP Investments for supporting the archaeological research and assessment, and for commissioning Compass to conduct the DBA. Thanks also to Mr James Singer of Nexus Planning Limited for providing relevant planning documents and design drawings. Thanks also to all those who helped source historic material during the research stage of the project, including the staff of Islington Historical Centre. 3 OBJECTIVES The objective of the assessment is to establish the archaeological potential of the study- area within the context of the proposed development. This takes into account three principal elements: Reference to the known archaeological and documentary background Consideration of the impact of previous land use and development on potential archaeology Potential impact of the proposed development 4 METHODOLOGY 4.1 The assessment has been carried out in accordance with Historic England guidelines, (Historic England, 2015), and the recommendations of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, (CIfA 2014). 4.2 A visit was made to the site, and local studies libraries and relevant archives were consulted. In addition, entries held by the Greater London Historic Environment Record (GLHER) were examined. Material held by Compass Archaeology was also utilised. References to the various sources were noted, and relevant material photocopied/scanned or photographed as appropriate. A search of the GLHER was made within a 300m ‘radius’ of the study-area focused on TQ324823. The results of the search are considered in more detail in Section 7. 4.3 The results of these investigations have thus been collated to produce this document, which forms a summary of the known archaeological potential for the site, the possible impact of any prior land-use upon that potential, and the perceived impact that the current proposal may have on any surviving potential.
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