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Analytic Philosophy and the Fall and Rise of the Kant–Hegel Tradition
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87272-0 - Analytic Philosophy and the Return of Hegelian Thought Paul Redding Excerpt More information INTRODUCTION: ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY AND THE FALL AND RISE OF THE KANT–HEGEL TRADITION Should it come as a surprise when a technical work in the philosophy of language by a prominent analytic philosopher is described as ‘an attempt to usher analytic philosophy from its Kantian to its Hegelian stage’, as has 1 Robert Brandom’s Making It Explicit? It can if one has in mind a certain picture of the relation of analytic philosophy to ‘German idealism’. This particular picture has been called analytic philosophy’s ‘creation myth’, and it was effectively established by Bertrand Russell in his various accounts of 2 the birth of the ‘new philosophy’ around the turn of the twentieth century. It was towards the end of 1898 that Moore and I rebelled against both Kant and Hegel. Moore led the way, but I followed closely in his foot- steps. I think that the first published account of the new philosophy was 1 As does Richard Rorty in his ‘Introduction’ to Wilfrid Sellars, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind, with introduction by Richard Rorty and study guide by Robert Brandom (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997), pp. 8–9. 2 The phrase is from Steve Gerrard, ‘Desire and Desirability: Bradley, Russell, and Moore Versus Mill’ in W. W. Tait (ed.), Early Analytic Philosophy: Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein (Chicago: Open Court, 1997): ‘The core of the myth (which has its origins in Russell’s memories) is that with philosophical argument aided by the new logic, Russell and Moore slew the dragon of British Idealism ...An additional aspect is that the war was mainly fought over two related doctrines of British Idealism ...The first doctrine is an extreme form of holism: abstraction is always falsification. -
Elisabeth Leinfellner.Indd
Drei Pioniere der philosophisch-linguistischen Analyse von Zeit und Tempus: Mauthner, Jespersen, Reichenbach Elisabeth Leinfellner, Wien [A philosophical school in Tlön] reasons that the present is indefi nite, that the future has no reality other than as a present hope, that the past has no reality other than as a present memory. Jorge Luis Borges, Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius 1. Einleitung: die semantische Rolle der Tempora Unsere alltägliche, ,psychologische‘, aber auch die abstrakte newtonsche oder mathematische Vorstellung von Zeit – die ,klassischen‘ Zeitvorstellungen – laufen darauf hinaus, dass es eine einfache lineare Abfolge von Vergangen- heit-Gegenwart-Zukunft gibt. Analysiert man jedoch natürliche Sprachen, dann bietet sich ein anderes, komplexeres Bild: Würde man der einfachen, klassischen Vorstellung folgen, dann käme man in der Sprache mit drei Tempora aus: Präsens, Präteritum, Futurum. Ein Blick in die Grammatiken verschiedener Sprachen zeigt aber, dass es auch andere Tempora neben die- sen dreien gibt, so im heutigen Deutsch das Plusquamperfekt und das Fu- turum exactum. Gewisse Tempora und auch temporale Ersatzformen lösen mehr oder minder glücklich das Problem, dass z.B. in einer Erzählung im Präteritum manchmal auch im zeitlichen Rückgriff eine Vergangenheit vor der Vergangenheit dargestellt werden muss, oder eine Zukunft in der Ver- gangenheit. Die Ursachen für eine nicht chronologische Darstellung sind vielfältig, z.B. stilistisch-textliche oder dass wir uns an Ereignisse nicht im- mer in der richtigen Reihenfolge erinnern. Weiters muss die Verwendung der Tempora in erzählenden Texten die Rekonstruktion des chronologischen Ablaufs von Ereignissen erlauben, z.B. aus praktischen Gründen. Dass Texte keineswegs immer chronologisch geordnet sind, hat in verschiedenen Disziplinen und oft im Gefolge des russischen Formalismus zu einer Unterscheidung zwischen zwei zeitlichen Achsen geführt, der chronologischen Achse der Abfolge der Ereignisse, und F. -
“Silence Is Your Praise” Maimonides' Approach To
Rabbi Rafael Salber “Silence is your praise” Maimonides’ Approach to Knowing God: An Introduction to Negative Theology Rabbi Rafael Salber The prophet Isaiah tells us, For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are my ways your ways, saith the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways. 73 The content of this verse suggests the inability of mankind to comprehend the knowledge and thoughts of God, as well as the 73 Isaiah 55: 8- 9. The context of the verse is that Isaiah is conveying the message to the people of Israel that the ability to return to God (Teshuvah) is available to them, since the “traits” of God are conducive to this. See Moreh Nevuchim ( The Guide to the Perplexed ) 3:20 and the Sefer haIkkarim Maamar 2, Ch. 3. 65 “Silence is your praise”: Maimonides’ Approach to Knowing God: An Introduction to Negative Theology divergence of “the ways” of God and the ways of man. The extent of this dissimilarity is clarified in the second statement, i.e. that it is not merely a distance in relation, but rather it is as if they are of a different category altogether, like the difference that exists between heaven and earth 74 . What then is the relationship between mankind and God? What does the prophet mean when he describes God as having thoughts and ways; how is it even possible to describe God as having thoughts and ways? These perplexing implications are further compounded when one is introduced to the Magnum Opus of Maimonides 75 , the Mishneh Torah . -
Bertrand Russell in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Russell's philosophical evolution led him into a broad program of research where he applied the resources of mathematical logic to theoreti cal inquiry. In the neorealist and neopositivist stages of Russell's evolution this program led to the formulating of his Theory of Knowledge, and from then on he again recognized the independent significance of philosophical problems. 3 Russell created the concept of logical atomism and he founded logical analysis. Bertrand Russell in the The working out of philosophical questions in mathematics occupies a large place in his works. One of the paradoxes in set theory (Russell's Great Soviet Encyclopedia: Paradox) led him to the formation of the original version of axiomatic set theory4 (see also Theory of Types) and to the consequent attempt at l a translation from Russian reducing mathematics to logic. Russell and Whitehead coauthored the 3 vol ume work "Principia Mathematica" (1910-1913). They systematized and developed the deductive-axiomatic formation of logic (see Logicism). USSELL2 Bertrand (18.5.1872, Trelleck, Wales--2.2.1970, Penrhyndeu Russell developed the original Theory of Descriptions. R draeth, Wales), English philosopher, logician, mathematician, sociolo In his sociological views Russell was close to Psychologism. Accord gist, public figure. Between 1910 and 1916 Russell was a professor at ing to him, at the foundations of the historical process and the behaviour Cambridge University, where he graduated in 1894. He was professor at of people lie instincts, passions. Russell said that from a combination various universities in Great Britain and the U.S. In 1908 he became a of factors determining historical change it is impossible to pick out the member of the Royal Society. -
A History of Women Philosophers Vol. IV
A HISTORY OF WOMEN PHILOSOPHERS A History of Women Philosophers 1. Ancient Women Philosophers, 600 B.C.-500 A.D. 2. Medieval, Renaissance and Enlightenment Women Philosophers, 500-1600 3. Modern Women Philosophers, 1600-1900 4. Contemporary Women Philosophers, 1900-today PROFESSOR C. J. DE VOGEL A History of Women Philosophers Volume 4 Contemporary Women Philosophers 1900-today Edited by MARY ELLEN WAITHE Cleveland State University, Cleveland, U.S.A. Springer-Science+Business Media, B. V. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Contemporary women philosophers : 1900-today / edited by Mary Ellen Waithe. p. cm. -- (A History of women philosophers ; v. 4.) Includes bibliographical references (p. xxx-xxx) and index. ISBN 978-0-7923-2808-7 ISBN 978-94-011-1114-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1114-0 1. Women philosophers. 2. Philosophy. Modern--20th century. r. Waithe. Mary Ellen. II. Series. Bl05.W6C66 1994 190' .82--dc20 94-9712 ISBN 978-0-7923-2808-7 printed an acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1995 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Contents Acknowledgements xv Introduction to Volume 4, by Mary Ellen Waithe xix 1. Victoria, Lady Welby (1837-1912), by William Andrew 1 Myers I. Introduction 1 II. Biography 1 III. -
Brsq 0096.Pdf
/,,-,,,.I (hrir"M/W:|J,„'JJ(// Bulk Mail -:::-``.::`:.1:.t` U.S. Postage ci{08O#altruntr%%ditl.i PAID Permit No. 5659 CfldemmJin, ORE 23307 Alexandria, VA MR. DENNIS J. DARLAND /9999 .1965 WINDING HILLS RD. (1304) DAVENPORT IA 52807 T=..:€,,5fa=.`¥ _ atiTst:.:..¥5 3`=3 13LT„j§jLj;,:j2F,f:Lu,i,:,„„„„3.,§§.i;§„L„;j„§{j;;`„„:i THE BHRTRAND RUSSELL SOCIHTY QUARTERLY Newsletter o the Bertrand Russell Socie November 1997 No. 96 FROM THH EDITOR John Shosky ................................... 3 FROM THE PRESIDHNT John R. Lenz ................................... 4 BERTRAND RUSSELL SOCIETY CONFERENCH: 19-21 JUNE 1998 ...................... RUSSELL NEWS: Publications, etc ....................... 6 RUSSELL'S PLATO David Rodier ................................... 7 A BOOK REVIEW John Shosky .................................. 19 MEMORY COMES AND GOES: A Video Review Cliff Henke ................................... 22 THE GREATER ROCHESTER RUSSELL SET Peter Stone ................................... 24 BERTRAND RUSSELL SOCIETY Membership PI.orlles ............................ 25 BERTRAND RUSSELL SOCIETY 1998 Call for Board Nominations .................. 27 BERTRAND RUSSELL SOCIETY Membership pror]]e Form . 29 1 FROM THE EDITOR BHRTRAND RUSSELL SOCIETY John Shosky 1998 Membership Renewal Form ................... 31 American University Wc beSn this issue with a report from the society president, John Lenz. He will announce the preliminary details of the Annual Bertrand Russell Society Corferencc, which will be held June 19-21 at the Ethics Center of the University of South Florida in St. Petersburg. John's report will be followed by "Russell News", which is a column of short blurbs about Russell, works on Russell, society happenings, reports on members, general gossip, and other vital talking points for the informed and discerning society member. In my view, the standard of information one should strive for, in a Platonic sense, is Ken Blackwell, the guru of Russell trivia, realizing that Ken has a considerable head start on all of us. -
Following the Argument Where It Leads
Following The Argument Where It Leads Thomas Kelly Princeton University [email protected] Abstract: Throughout the history of western philosophy, the Socratic injunction to ‘follow the argument where it leads’ has exerted a powerful attraction. But what is it, exactly, to follow the argument where it leads? I explore this intellectual ideal and offer a modest proposal as to how we should understand it. On my proposal, following the argument where it leaves involves a kind of modalized reasonableness. I then consider the relationship between the ideal and common sense or 'Moorean' responses to revisionary philosophical theorizing. 1. Introduction Bertrand Russell devoted the thirteenth chapter of his History of Western Philosophy to the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas. He concluded his discussion with a rather unflattering assessment: There is little of the true philosophic spirit in Aquinas. He does not, like the Platonic Socrates, set out to follow wherever the argument may lead. He is not engaged in an inquiry, the result of which it is impossible to know in advance. Before he begins to philosophize, he already knows the truth; it is declared in the Catholic faith. If he can find apparently rational arguments for some parts of the faith, so much the better: If he cannot, he need only fall back on revelation. The finding of arguments for a conclusion given in advance is not philosophy, but special pleading. I cannot, therefore, feel that he deserves to be put on a level with the best philosophers either of Greece or of modern times (1945: 463). The extent to which this is a fair assessment of Aquinas is controversial.1 My purpose in what follows, however, is not to defend Aquinas; nor is it to substantiate the charges that Russell brings against him. -
The Theory of Descriptions 1. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970): Mathematician, Logician, and Philosopher
Louis deRosset { Spring 2019 Russell: The Theory of Descriptions 1. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970): mathematician, logician, and philosopher. He's one of the founders of analytic philosophy. \On Denoting" is a founding document of analytic philosophy. It is a paradigm of philosophical analysis. An analysis of a concept/phenomenon c: a recipe for eliminating c-vocabulary from our theories which still captures all of the facts the c-vocabulary targets. FOR EXAMPLE: \The Name View Analysis of Identity." 2. Russell's target: Denoting Phrases By a \denoting phrase" I mean a phrase such as any one of the following: a man, some man, any man, every man, all men, the present King of England, the present King of France, the centre of mass of the Solar System at the first instant of the twentieth century, the revolution of the earth round the sun, the revolution of the sun round the earth. (479) Includes: • universals: \all F 's" (\each"/\every") • existentials: \some F " (\at least one") • indefinite descriptions: \an F " • definite descriptions: \the F " Later additions: • negative existentials: \no F 's" (480) • Genitives: \my F " (\your"/\their"/\Joe's"/etc.) (484) • Empty Proper Names: \Apollo", \Hamlet", etc. (491) Russell proposes to analyze denoting phrases. 3. Why Analyze Denoting Phrases? Russell's Project: The distinction between acquaintance and knowledge about is the distinction between the things we have presentation of, and the things we only reach by means of denoting phrases. [. ] In perception we have acquaintance with the objects of perception, and in thought we have acquaintance with objects of a more abstract logical character; but we do not necessarily have acquaintance with the objects denoted by phrases composed of words with whose meanings we are ac- quainted. -
Book Review F
Book Review F. J. Mootz III and G. H. Taylor, eds. Gadamer and Ricoeur: Critical Horizons for Contemporary Hermeneutics (New York/London: Continuum, 2011), 297 pp. Marc-Antoine Vallée EHESS (Paris) Études Ricœuriennes / Ricœur Studies, Vol 3, No 2 (2012), pp. 171-173 ISSN 2155-1162 (online) DOI 10.5195/errs.2012.153 http://ricoeur.pitt.edu This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part of its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program, and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. Book Review F. J. Mootz III and G. H. Taylor, eds. Gadamer and Ricoeur: Critical Horizons for Contemporary Hermeneutics (New York/London: Continuum, 2011), 297 pp. Five years ago, it was totally impossible to find a book entirely dedicated to a systematic study of the complex relations between the hermeneutics of Gadamer and Ricoeur. This was quite surprising if we consider the importance of these two philosophers to the development of a hermeneutical philosophy over the last century. Fortunately, it seems that the relevance of a critical discussion on Gadamer’s and Ricoeur’s hermeneutics has recently become more obvious, first with the publication of Daniel Frey’s book on L’interprétation et la lecture chez Ricoeur et Gadamer (2008), and now with this initiative of Francis J. Mootz III and George H. Taylor to bring into conversation "Gadamerian and Ricoeurian scholars" in one volume. The result of this well- inspired idea is a book containing twelve chapters studying, from different perspectives, the agreements and disagreements between Gadamer’s and Ricoeur’s philosophies, not without significant convergences and divergences between the authors. -
WISDOM (Tlwma) and Pffllosophy (FALSAFA)
WISDOM (tLWMA) AND PfflLOSOPHY (FALSAFA) IN ISLAMIC THOUGHT (as a framework for inquiry) By: Mehmet ONAL This thcsis is submitted ror the Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Wales - Lampeter 1998 b"9tr In this study the following two hypothesisare researched: 1. "WisdotW' is the fundamental aspect of Islamic thought on which Islamic civilisation was established through Islamic law (,Sharfa), theology (Ldi-M), philosophy (falsafq) and mysticism (Surism). 2. "Due to the first hypothesis Islamic philosophy is not only a commentary on the Greek philosophy or a new form of Ncoplatonism but a native Islamic wisdom understandingon the form of theoretical study". The present thesis consists of ten chaptersdealing with the concept of practical wisdom (Pikmq) and theoretical wisdom (philosophy or falsafa). At the end there arc a gcncral conclusion,glossary and bibliography. In the introduction (Chapter One) the definition of wisdom and philosophy is establishedas a conceptualground for the above two hypothesis. In the following chapter (Chapter Two) I focused on the historical background of these two concepts by giving a brief history of ancient wisdom and Greek philosophy as sourcesof Islamic thought. In the following two chapters (Chapter Three and Four) I tried to bring out a possibledefinition of Islamic wisdom in the Qur'5n and Sunna on which Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), theology (A-alim), philosophy (falsafq) and mysticism (Sufism) consistedof. As a result of the above conceptual approaching,I tried to reach a new definition for wisdom (PiLma) as a method that helps in the establishmentof a new Islamic way of life and civilisation for our life. -
On the Development of Critical Theory
Analyse & Kritik 30/2008 ( c Lucius & Lucius, Stuttgart) p. 331–354 Anton Leist The Long Goodbye: On the Development of Critical Theory Abstract: It is not easy to give up on a tradition that promises to rationalize, explain, and thereby ultimately help improve, society. This article narrates the history of Cri- tical Theory in three stages, following the dynamics of its own self-criticism during distinct historical periods and within different societies. Horkheimer/Adorno, Haber- mas and Honneth are read as participating in a philosophical project of societal ratio- nalism which can be criticized by appeal to a pragmatist view of social theories, and specifically the ‘pragmatic maxim’. In spite of its post-metaphysical announcements, Critical Theory overextends itself when it seeks to reconcile fully the normative and the empirical. An alternative, and more explicitly ethical and empirically controllable, scheme for critical theories (plural!) is suggested. 0. Why We Need Critical Theory The idea of a ‘critical theory’ of society—importantly, of society as a whole—has dropped out of present debates in social philosophy and the social sciences, and it may have dropped out for good. Moral and political philosophy have regained the intellectual terrain they lost to Marxism and the newly emerging discipline of sociology at the end of the 19th century. Today statements about how to improve society are typically suggestions for small-scale improvements to special institutions within society, backed up by reference to ‘our’ moral intuitions, a common moral knowledge taken as given among a representative part of citizens, or, even more abstractly, among humans. -
Linguistic Scepticism in Mauthner's Philosophy
LiberaPisano Misunderstanding Metaphors: Linguistic ScepticisminMauthner’s Philosophy Nous sommes tous dans un désert. Personne ne comprend personne. Gustave Flaubert¹ This essayisanoverview of Fritz Mauthner’slinguistic scepticism, which, in my view, represents apowerful hermeneutic category of philosophical doubts about the com- municative,epistemological, and ontological value of language. In order to shed light on the main features of Mauthner’sthought, Idrawattention to his long-stand- ing dialogue with both the sceptical tradition and philosophyoflanguage. This con- tribution has nine short sections: the first has an introductory function and illus- tratesseveral aspectsoflinguistic scepticism in the history of philosophy; the second offers acontextualisation of Mauthner’sphilosophyoflanguage; the remain- der present abroad examination of the main features of Mauthner’sthought as fol- lows: the impossibility of knowledge that stems from aradicalisationofempiricism; the coincidencebetween wordand thought,thinkingand speaking;the notion of use, the relevanceoflinguistic habits,and the utopia of communication; the decep- tive metaphors at the root of an epoché of meaning;the new task of philosophyasan exercise of liberation against the limits of language; the controversial relationship between Judaism and scepticism; and the mystical silence as an extreme conse- quence of his thought.² Mauthnerturns scepticism into aform of life and philosophy into acritique of language, and he inauguratesanew approach that is traceable in manyGerman—Jewish