PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS XI CH - 1 CHANGING TRENDS & CAREER IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION MEANING & DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION According to H C Buck, “Physical education is the part of general education programme, which is considered with growth, development and education of children through the medium of big muscle activities. It is the education of whole child by means of Physical activities. Physical activities are the tools. They are so selected and conducted as to influence every child's life physically, mentally, emotionally and morally." According to D Oberteuffer', “Physical education is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual through movements." According to Cassidy, “Physical education is the sum of changes in the individual caused by experiences centering motor activity.” According to JF Williams and C L Brownell, “Physical education is the sum of man's physical activities selected as to kind and conducted as to outcomes." In the light of above definitions, it can be said that physical education is an integral part of general education and it is essential for human beings. It is not merely a physical activity but it is the education of the body through the body. American research studies show that the persons who were engaged in various programmes of physical education achieved higher goals in their lives in comparison to those who did not indulge in physical activities. In fact, physical education enables a child to have total physical growth and development to lead a happy and prosperous life. Finally, it can be concluded that physical education not only helps in physical development but it also helps in mental, social and emotional development of an individual. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION The aim of physical education is the wholesome development of an individual, or it can be said that the aim of physical education is complete living. In fact, the aim of physical education is an apex point which seems to be out of reach. In general, 'wholesome development of an individual' is the aim of physical education and this aim can be achieved step by step. These steps are called objectives. So, it is said that the aim is one but objectives may be many. According to the Ministry of Education and National Planning of Physical Education and Recreation, "The aim of physical education must be to make every child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such personal and social qualities which will help him to live happily with others and build him up a good citizen." Regarding the objectives of physical education, many leading figures of this field advocate different objectives according to their concepts. H Clarke mentions only three objectives of physical education. 1. Physical fitness 2. Social efficiency 3. Culture Bookwalter also mentions three objectives. 1. Health 2. Worthy use of leisure time 3. Ethical character Hetherington classifies the five objectives of physical education. 1. Immediate objectives 4. Social standard objectives 2. Remote objectives 5. Objectives in control of health conditions 3. Developmental objectives
FOLLOWING ARE THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION. 1. Physical Development: The foremost objective of physical education is physical development. In fact, it leads to the development of our organ systems, such as circulatory system, respiratory system, nervous system, muscular system and digestive system. Physical education is related to physical activities, and when we perform these activities, there are various effects of these activities on our organ systems. These systems witness growth in size, shape, efficiency, etc. Hence, it can be stated that physical development is possible through this objective of physical education. This also promotes sound health, which enables the individual to be a valuable asset for the nation. 2. Mental Development: This objective is related to the mental development of an individual. The various physical activities of physical education programmes need alertness of mind, deep concentration and calculated movements. Moreover, it should be called the indispensable requirement of various physical activities. In fact, it is a two-way process. Physical activities sharpen the mind, which in turn is essential to perform various activities Along with these activities, physical education is also a subject as other educational subjects. It includes rules and regulations, techniques of games, anatomical and physiological studies, balanced diet, sanitation, health and diseases, personal hygiene, etc. In this way, mental development takes place 3. Social Development: This objective is related to the development of social traits, which are essential for better adjustment in life. The programmes of physical education provide a number of ways to develop these qualities Each and every individual wants to have leader-like qualities. Through physical activities, the players who belong to different places come closer to one another They adjust themselves according to situations. Human relations are developed. It is a better source for attaining the qualities like cooperation, courtesy, fair play, sportsmanship, tolerance and sympathy. These traits are developed in various programmes of physical education. A society can prosper in a healthy social environment and such type of environment is possible only through the programmes of physical education. 4. Neuro-muscular Coordination: This objective is concerned with a better relationship between nervous system and muscular system. The activities of physical education provide ample opportunities for the better neuro-muscular coordination. In various game situations, our neuro-muscular coordination is developed. Good neuro-muscular coordination helps to keep off fatigue during vigorous activities. We can use our energy in a proper way if we have good neuro-muscular coordination. Thus, through physical activities, our neuro-muscular coordination becomes efficient. 5. Emotional Development: The emotional development of an individual is also the major objective of physical education. Every individual has various types of emotions, viz., pleasure, hope, jealousy, hate, fear, distress, anger, wonder, lust, loneliness, etc. If an individual does not have appropriate control over these emotions, he/she becomes abnormal and uncontrollable. The emotions are vital for every individual but excess of these is always bad. The programmes of physical education help develop these emotions and also teach us to have proper control over our emotions. By participating in the programmes of physical education, an individual starts having control over his/her emotions. 6. Development of Health: The development of health is also an objective of physical education. It educates on the prevention of communicable diseases. There are various programmes on recreation. The programmes of physical education in modern age help reduce anxiety, stress and tension up to a large extent, so that the individuals experience healthy living.
CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION There are two types of career options in the field of physical education. The first type of career option is related to teaching and coaching physical education. These are called traditional careers in physical education. The second type of career option is related to emerging careers in physical education i.e. health- related careers, administration related careers, sports performance related careers, media-related careers, etc. Teaching Career in Physical Education Physical education has traditionally been considered a professional field appropriate only for those interested in teaching career. The teaching career offers many rewards to the teachers whether they are engaged in elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, senior secondary schools, colleges or universities . This career is usually considered to have many benefits. The teacher, in the field of physical education commands deep respect among the students because he makes a good contribution to society. This career provides internal satisfaction. In teaching career, there is better job security. Teaching opportunities in the field of physical education at different levels are described as follows. Elementary School It has been recognised that physical education is a must in elementary schools. Basic skills and attitudes can be learnt well in this period. Physical education plays a vital role in the all round development of children. Even eminent psychologists say that motor as well as sensory experiences of children are extremely important in the development of intelligence. Through the programmes of physical education, children become creative, develop selfimage and grow in a holistic manner. The emphasis can be placed on learning the various activities such as running, jumping, climbing, throwing, catching, kicking and striking. In India, there is no career opportunity for physical education teachers in elementary schools. Generally, the teachers of other subjects, who are not specialised in physical education, teach physical activities. This is the main drawback in India. Owing to this, Indians are lagging behind in the field of sports at world level, as physical education is compulsory in elementary schools in advanced countries of the world. Such countries win laurels for their countries at world level.. Middle School Career opportunities for physical education teachers in middle schools are ample but only in the schools of big cities. In such schools, there is a separate syllabus for VI, VII and VIII classes In government middle schools, there are rare opportunities of employment for physical education teachers. Although, the subject of physical education is offered in such schools, it is implemented in a formal way. In some schools, where teachers of physical education are employed, they are required to teach other subjects also. Consequently, it can be said that in middle schools, the opportunities of jobs in the field of physical education are not sufficient. High School Generally, there are a number of opportunities for jobs in the field of physical education in government and private/public high schools. Specialised teachers of physical education appointed in such schools. They are required to teach theory and practicals of physical education They are also required to prepare various teams of sports for inter-school competitions. Senior Secondary School It is a common practice throughout the country to engage special teachers of physical education in senior secondary schools In some schools, lecturers in physical education are appointed to teach theory. Physical education is an optional subject in government and senior secondary public schools. These teachers are required to maintain discipline in schools. They also need to prepare various teams of sports for inter-school tournaments There are ample opportunities of jobs in such schools. College and University There are many job opportunities to teach physical education in colleges and universities, Physical education is an optional subject in colleges. There are various professional courses in physical education in a number of colleges, such as Certificate Course in Physical Education (CPE), Diploma Course in Physical Education (DPEd), Bachelor degree in Physical Education (BPEd), Certificate Course in Yoga, BSc in Physical Education and sports and Master's degree in Physical Education (MPEd or MA in Physical Education) and MPhil, etc. PhD in physical education is associated with universities and some renowned colleges. Prerequisite qualification is Master's degree and NET in physical education to teach physical education in colleges. Preference is given to PhD degree holders. To teach at the university level, PhD research work and publishing of books are also essential qualifications along with college level qualifications. At the college level, preparation of various teams of sports is also an associated job, whereas at university level, only teaching is required. At the university level and college level (some professional colleges), teachers are required to teach various subjects, such as Research Methodology, Test and Measurement, Sports Psychology, Sports Sociology, Sports Biomechanics, Sports Medicine, Exercise Physiology, Organisation and Administration, etc. Teaching in non-school settings, such as teaching in sports clubs, teaching in youth and community organisations, teaching in centres for elders, teaching in resorts, etc., are applicable in USA, UK, Germany, France, Japan and Russia. In India, fewer job opportunities are available in this field as compared to other countries. Coaching Career in Physical Education Coaching career is also a traditional career in the field of physical education. Many physical Educators prefer to opt for coaching as a career. There are a number of job opportunities for coaching as in the field of teaching. Many coaches want a dual career as a teacher and coach whereas others desire solely to coach. Opportunities to coach exist in both the school and non- school setting. Opportunities of jobs are available to coach in middle & high schools, senior secondary schools (specially in private public schools), in colleges and universities. At school level, a coach may be required to teach physical education and also to coach a team. He/She may be appointed solely to coach a team. But it is applicable only in private public schools and not in government schools.In colleges and universities, coaches may be appointed to coach various teams for inter-collegiate and inter-university competitions. Numerous job opportunities are also available in state sports department and Sports Authority of India (SAI) in non-school setting. opportunities are also available with professional teams, commercial sports clubs, hotels, private enterprises and government sector. There are also some advantages and disadvantages of a coaching career. This job provides intrinsic rewards in the form of respect and excitement of winning. On the other hand, a coaching career has some disadvantages also. The coaching hours are long. Many hours may be spent during practice sessions, during reviewing the results of game, planning for the future and counselling with players.Differences in salaries at different levels of appointments can also be seen. During practice sessions and matches, the coach must motivate the players to make their best efforts so that their maximum level of performance can be achieved. A coach must be a good teacher. A prospective coach should obtain a diploma course in concerned game or sport. Health-related Careers During the last twenty years, there has been a rapid increase in the awareness of health. Nowadays, people have become more health conscious. They want to be healthy and fit. They want to keep away from the various diseases, such as hypertension, heart diseases and disorders such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, etc. They have realised the value of health. Everyone wants to lead a healthy lifestyle. That is why health-related career opportunities in the field of physical education have expanded in recent years. The very first and significant area under health-related careers is health and weight control clubs. The number of health and weight control clubs has increased rapidly during the last decade. These clubs are based on the individual's desire to be physically fit, to have a slim and trim figure and to look the best. These health clubs are being run by the owners or are in the form of franchise. In fact, it has become a big industry. The main concentration is on collecting money from the public rather than trying to provide good service. But there are a number of health and weight control clubs which are reputed and have excellent programmes. Physical educators may find ample job opportunities in such health and weight control clubs. The activities and services provided by these clubs vary but fitness activities remain the same. The facilities to play various games, such as squash, tennis, swimming, etc., are usually provided by these clubs. Other facilities like whirlpool, saunas, steam rooms and massage are also offered. Instructions regarding diet and nutrition are also given to the clients. In health clubs, where weight control and nutritional counselling are main concerns, physical educators may evaluate the clients' dietary habits so that they may reach the goal. As the interest in being fit and healthy in our society grows, job opportunities also appear to be excellent.
Administration-related Careers Administration-related career opportunities are available in various fields, such as sports administration, management of sports clubs and facilities, sports marketing and promotion, etc. In western countries, colleges and universities offer undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in sports management but in India it is in the beginning stage. Though management and administration are taught as a subject at both levels (UG and PG) in the field of physical education, there are various fields within physical education where administration is required. The careers related to administration in physical education are as follows. Department of Physical Education There are many universities and colleges in India, where various courses of physical education are being taught. In such departments, the administration lies in the hands of chairman or head He/She is the sole administrator of the teaching department. Teachers of physical education and other clerical staff work under the chairperson/head. In India, there is no need for separate management qualifications for such a post, because it is typically based on seniority. Sports Department There are many job opportunities related to administration in sports department. The post of director of sports exists in almost every university in India. The director of sports is responsible for the administration of various programmes of games and sports. These posts may be found at district level for schools' competition. The designation of AEO (sports) or ADEO (sports) is given to them. There may be the post of Assistant Director of Sports at the University level to assist the Director of Sports The Director of Sports is responsible for the administration of men's and women's sports and games. He/She supervises coaches and assistant coaches. The Director of Sports must be knowledgeable regarding the rules and regulations of sports competitions including the eligibility of sports participants. His/ Her other jobs are fixing of dates for competitions, arranging officials, and planning for transportation, lodging and boarding. He/She is also responsible for preparing the sports budget. States' sports departments have also administration-related jobs such as District Sports Officer at district level. The coaches of various games and sports and other officials work under his/her administration Industrial Recreation Many multinational companies and national companies are providing recreational and sports opportunities for their employees. These companies lay stress on the health, fitness and well-being of their employees because healthy and fit employees usually have more capacity to do work. They can increase the production which is in the benefit of companies. Therefore, these companies need qualified professionals to direct these activities. The responsibilities include establishing a programme of activities, setting up teams schedule for competitions and supervising the programmes related to fitness of employees. The Director of Industrial Recreation is the designation in such companies. Sports Facilities Management There are always a number of people and organisations who want to have sports facilities, where they can do exercise for remaining healthy and fit or for the purpose of recreation. They want to get facility of gymnasium, health club, fitness centre, stadiums, sports complexes, ice arenas, and aquatic centre or swimming pool. In such fields, facilities managers are required. The requirement of such facilities is more in western countries in comparison to India. In fact, we are lagging behind in this field. The sports facilities manager may perform all the responsibilities by himself/herself or may have assistants or several staff members under his/her direction. He/She may have to perform additional responsibilities, for example, in a health or fitness club, the facilities manager may also teach exercise classes or monitor individuals' workouts. His/her main responsibility the safety of individuals using the facility Performance-related Careers 1. As Players A large number of sportspersons participate in various games and sports throughout the world. They participate at various levels such as inter-school or college level competition. district level competition, state level competition, national level competition, international level competition, Olympic games, etc. But only highly skilled performers reach at the top level. Sportspersons, who are most successful in competitions, usually seek a sports career. The job opportunities are greater than in the past but number of individuals in the professional sports is very limited in western countries, whereas the job opportunities in India are very limited owing to less number of professional sports. Many sports scholarships for good sportsmen are available in India at various levels. The careers of those who pursue sports career, are for short duration . In India, good sports career is available in cricket, lawn tennis and marathon race. Many jobs are also available for skilled sportspersons in government and private sectors, such as in defence services, banks, companies or industrial corporations, railways, etc 2. As Officials The smooth conduct of a sport tournament or competition depends on good officials. As it has already been discussed above that the performance of players remains for short duration. Generally, it is a career of approximately ten years. After that sportspersons may pursue the career as officials because they know the ins and outs of the game. Such type of job opportunities are available as part-time officials or full-time officials. There are various officials in a tournament, such as referee/umpire, timekeeper, recorder, scorer, etc Their requirements depend on the number of tournaments held every year. It is also a good career related to sports and games. Even college students earn some income by officiating in inter-college sports competitions. Careers in Communication Media The communication media, i.e., television, radio, newspapers and magazines, etc., have contributed to the enhancement of various career opportunities in sports communication. Cable television channels, such as ESPN, Ten Sports and Star Sports provide 24 hours coverage of sports and games. In fact, it has enhanced a number of career opportunities in communication media. There are various careers related to communication media. Sports Journalism Physical educators, who have a talent for writing may opt a career as a sports journalist. The sports journalist may get opportunities to work with newspapers and in sports magazines, because the space for coverage of sports news as well as the number of newspapers and sports magazines is increasing rapidly. Sports journalists may write live events and feature articles about sportspersons or on various topics about sports. The covering of the sports event and reporting are the most vital part of this career. Stories based on research, compiling statistics, and interviewing of players and coaches are all functions of the journalists. A sound background of physical education can be beneficial to a sports journalist. He/She can understand the demand and nature of sports. For example, a sports journalist with the knowledge of sports psychology may be better able to explain to the public why some sportspersons fail to perform under pressure, whereas, other sportspersons give better performance. A sports journalist with the knowledge of exercise physiology may explain better what happens physiologically to athletes when they make efforts to finish marathon race. No doubt career opportunities in sports journalism are ample but this field requires keen interest, taste and talent in writing. Book Writing Career opportunities are widely available in book writing in the field of physical education and sports, specially in India. Some physical educators, who have deep knowledge of various subdisciplines of physical education, such as sports biomechanics. sports sociology, sports medicine, exercise physiology, research methods, sports psychology, sports philosophy, sports pedagogy, sports management of various sports, may write textbooks, considering this as a part-time career. This field also requires interest, concentration and writing talent. Sports Photography Sports photography is another career which can be pursued by physical educators. But this career is applicable only to those physical educators who have a keen interest in photography and a strong desire to communicate to public the true meaning of sports through photographs. A talent in photography is essential for opting for such a career. There are ample opportunities for sports photographers with newspapers and in sports magazines, such as Sports Week, Sports World, Khel Khiladi, etc. The knowledge of biomechanics can help the sports photographer in getting the best angle for the photograph. The knowledge of significance of sports and sports sociology can be helpful in sports photography in showing the significance in our society. Courses in photography and the practical experience of taking photographs are also essential to be a good sports photographer. Book Publishing Publishers of books on sports and textbooks of physical education, its subdiscipline and allied subjects such as health education and recreation need the people who are knowledgeable about the field of physical education. Editorial workers are needed whe are familiar with the demands of publications in areas related to physical education and sports. This type of job requires a knowledge of physical education, writing and editorial skills. Other people are needed in the sales area, including direct sales, which usually involves travelling throughout the country to sell books. These jobs require a knowledge of physical education and comparative values of the available books. These persons should have sales ability and an understanding of the available markets for publications in the field of physical education and sports. In the same way, job opportunities are also available in publishing of sports magazines. Sports Broadcasting Sports broadcasting has become a popular career. Career opportunities may be found with radio and television stations, including cable television at local, regional and national levels. Sports broadcasting requires not only the knowledge of the game but also the ability to communicate clearly. Those interested in this field need to be knowledgeable about the skills, tactics and rules of the game, including the technique of officiating. Studying physical education may provide the reporter with an understanding of the way in which sportspersons train for Sports broadcasting competition and the physiological effects of performance. The reporter must be able to relate this information to the public in simple terms. The knowledge of the sports enables him her to report the moment to moment action. A reporter must have the detailed knowledge of the game because he/she is regarded by the public as an expert of the game which he is covering. He/She must have knowledge of various games, such as football, volleyball, basketball, hockey, cricket, etc. He must have the background information at least about the famous players. He/She must be able to speak well and not be inhibited in speaking into the microphone or in front of the camera. Marketing Public's increasing interest in sports and games, health, fitness and physical activities has stimulated the sales of sports goods. Consequently, job opportunities in marketing and selling sports equipment have increased. Private companies need persons with an understanding of physical activities. Persons are needed who are familiar with the sports equipment needs and changing demands. In fact, jobs are available as salespersons and as manufacturer's representatives. Careers in marketing and selling of sports equipment are challenging ones. Salaries of marketing manager, sales representatives and salespersons depend on the sale of the products. A salesperson should be extremely knowledgeable about the products he is selling. A consumer always expects the salesperson to be an expert on all types of sports equipment. Courses in business management and accounting are helpful for the marketing manager as well as for salespersons. Salespersons should be skillful and able to identify individuals' need and sell them a product according to their needs. Opportunities of jobs for marketing managers and salespersons will definitely increase, if the interest in physical activities, sports and games and fitness continues to grow. COMPETITIONS IN VARIOUS SPORTS AT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL There are a number of sporting events and games for which competitions are held at both national and international levels. The competitions for various sports and games at national as well as international level are discussed below: ATHLETICS 1. National Athletic 8. Inter University 16. World Indoor Championship Athletic Championship Championships 2. World Athletic 9. European Cup 17. World Cross Country Championship 10. Jesse Owens Trophy Championships 3. Inter State Athletic 11. Charminar Trophy 18. World Race Walking Championship Cup 12. World Marathon Cup 4. Asian Games 19. Continental Cup 13. Marshall Tito Trophy 5. Olympic Games. 20. World Road Running 14. Junior National Championships. 6. National School Games Athletic 7. State Athletic Championships Championship 15. Federation Cup Basketball 1. European Cup 7. Federation Cup 13. Junior National 2. America Cup 8. Bangalore Blues Cup Basketball Championships 3. Asia Cup 9. C. Munni Swami Cup 14. Sub-junior National 4. Services Trophy 10. All India Ramu Basketball Memorial Trophy 5. Prince Basalat Jha Championships Trophy (National for 11. World Cup 15. William Jones Cup Women) 12. Olympic Games 16. S.M. Arjun Raja Trophy 6. B.C. Gupta Trophy Badminton 1. Thomas Cup (World 7. Olympic Challenge Cup 12. China Cup Team Men) (National Women) 13. Olympic Games in 2. Uber Cup (World Team 8. Naarang Cup (National Cooperation with I.O.C. Women) Junior Team Men) 14. World Junior 3. Wills World Cup 9. Shafi Qureshi Cup Championships 4. European Cup (National Junior Team 15. Sudirman Cup Women) 5. Konika Cup 16. Super Series Premier 10. Mayors Cup 6. Yonex Cup 17. Grand Prix Gold 11. 555 World Cup 18. International Challenge 19. Senior National 20. All England Badminton Badminton Champion- Championships ships
Cricket (a) Ashes Cup. (e) Ranji Trophy (i) Challenger Trophy. (b) World Cup (f) Irani Trophy (j) Indian Premier League (c) Rohinton Baria Trophy (g) Duleep Trophy (IPL) (d) C.K. Naidu Trophy (h) Deodhar Trophy Football 1. FIFA Cup 4. Federation Cup 7. Rajiv Gandhi Gold Cup 2. Durand Cup 5. Subroto Cup 8. Santosh Trophy 3. DCM Football 6. Begum Hajrat Mahal 9. Olympic Games Tournament Cup Hockey 1. Agha Khan Cup 4. Rangaswami Cup 8. Asian Hockey 2. Beighton Cup 5. Champions Trophy Federation Cup 3. Lady Ratan Tata 6. Bombay Gold Cup Trophy 7. Azlan Shah Cup Swimming 1. Olympic Swimming Championship 6. Commonwealth Games 2. National Swimming Championship 7. National Swimming Championship 3. World Cup Swimming Championship (sub-junior) 4. All India Inter University Swimming 8. National School Games Championship 9. Olympic Games 5. Asian Games Swimming 10. SAF Games Championship Tennis 1. National Lawn Tennis Championship 14. Olympic Tennis Championship 2. All India Inter-university Tennis 15. Asian Tennis Championship Championship 3. National Grass Court Tennis 16. Hall of Fame Tennis Tournament 4. Nehru Cup Tennis 17. French Open Tennis Championship 5. India Federation Cup 18. Japan Open 6. Talent Series 19. Lipton Tennis 7. Championship Series 20. Home Trust Tennis 8. National Series 21. Addidas International Tennis 9. All England Championship (Wimbledon) 22.Queen's Cup 10. U.S. Open 23. Swiss Open 11. Australian Open 24. Italian Open 12. Federation Open 25. Brazil Open 13. Davis Cup (Men) 26. Dubai Open Volleyball 1. Federation Cup 9. Canada Cup 2. Grand Championships Cup 10. Italian Open 3. Asia Cup 11. Hamburg Open 4. Shiwani Gold Cup 12. New Zealand Open 5. World Cup Championships 13. Junior National Volleyball Championship 6. Poornima Trophy (National Women) 14. Canadian Open Volleyball 7. India Gold Cup Championships 8. Super Challenge Cup KHELO INDIA PROGRAMME the "Khelo India" programme has been introduced to revive the sports culture in India at the grass root level by building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and establish India as a great sporting nation. The programme was launched during 2017-2018 by Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs. To achieve the above objectives, the 'Khelo India' programme has included the following components: 1. Playfield Development: Under the programme of Khelo India, many playfields will be developed at various state and district levels so that basic facilities may be provided to sportspersons. 2. Community Coaching Development: It involves in skill development and certification system for sports coaching. Its aim is to evolve and identify physical education teachers and to train them as master trainees. 3. State Level Khelo India Centres:It involves in supporting better utilisation of sports infrastructure in relation to the states, UT. 4. Annual Sports Competitions: It is one of the significant components of Khelo India programme. Its aim is to provide a good platform for talent spotting and a way for talented children to achieve excellence is sports. Such competitions will be organised in various games such as athletics, boxing, basketball, handball, volleyball, etc., except cricket. 5. Talent Search and Development: In addition to the selection of prize winners for the scheme, a talent identification committee will spot and identity the talent with the help of best scientific methods. 6. Utilization and Creation/Upgradation of Sports Infrastructure: It aims at developing sports infrastructure at schools and universities which have high sports potential. 7. Support to National/Regional/State Sports Academies: It aims to provide resources for expediting long term athlete development programmes. 8. Physical Fitness of School-going Children: This component aims to develop physical fitness of school-going children. Tool kit will be provided to schools to measure the physical fitness of school- going children under this scheme. 9. Sports for Women: It aims to ensure participation of women in various sports competitions especially where women participation is less. 10. Promotion of Sports Among Specially Abled Persons: It aims to promote sports among divyang persons. Financial assistance will be provided to states and UT's as well as Sports Authority of India for creation of sports infrastructure for divyang persons. Coaching facilities will also be provided to such persons. 11. Promotion of Rural and Indigenous/Tribal Games: Annual sports competitions will be organised in rural and indigenous/tribal games alternately to enhance sports participation in such games.
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