Таксономічний Склад Сапроксилобіонтних Твердокрилих (Insecta, Coleoptera) Угольського Масиву Фауни Карпатського Біосферного Заповідника
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Rafał Ruta Zabytkowy Park W Kujanie Koło Złotowa Jako Ostoja
Przegląd Przyrodniczy XXV, 2 (2014): 91-100 Rafał Ruta ZABYTKOWY PARK W KUJANIE KOłO ZłOTOWA JAKO OSTOJA SAPROKSYLICZNYCH CHrząSZCZY (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) An old park in Kujan near Złotów as a refuge of saproxylic beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) ABSTRAKT: Podsumowano kilkuletnie obserwacje nad chrząszczami parku w Kujanie. W niewielkim obiekcie o pow. ok. 2 ha odnotowano występowanie rzadkich owadów saproksylicznych, jak Anitys ru- bens, Elater ferrugineus, Osmoderma barnabita i Gnorimus nobilis. Przedyskutowano znaczenie obiektu dla zachowania fauny saproksylicznej. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: Pomorze, Bory Kujańskie, martwe drewno, ochrona przyrody, owady, Coleo- ptera, Diptera ABSTRACT: Survey of Coleoptera of a park in Kujan is recapitulated. In the small park (area of ca. 2 ha) several endangered species were found, including Anitys rubens, Elater ferrugineus, Osmoderma barna- bita and Gnorimus nobilis. Significance of the area for preservation of saproxylic fauna is discussed. KEY WORDS: Pomerania, Bory Kujańskie forest, deadwood, nature conservation, insects, Coleoptera, Diptera Wstęp saproksylicznych w okolicach Piły. Znacze- nie zabytkowych alej drzew dla entomofau- Owady saproksyliczne, wymagające do ny w okolicach Piły odnotowali Ruta i Melke życia sędziwych, obumierających i mar- (2002) dla otoczenia rez. Kuźnik k. Piły oraz twych drzew, w gospodarczych lasach stały Gutowski i Ruta (2004) dla okolic Tuczna. się rzadkie wraz z juwenalizacją drzewo- W latach 1995-2014 prowadzono nie- stanów i zmianą ich składu gatunkowego. regularne obserwacje entomologiczne w W wielu przypadkach zastępczym środo- niewielkim parku w miejscowości Kujan wiskiem stały się dla nich aleje, w których (koordynaty: 53.3644N, 17.1881 E), których poszczególne drzewa osiągają starszy wiek, podsumowaniem jest niniejsza publikacja. niż w okolicznych lasach gospodarczych. Podobne znaczenie mają stare parki o roz- maitej genezie (Franc 1997, Jonsell 2004, Teren badani i metodyka Stokland et al. -
Topic Paper Chilterns Beechwoods
. O O o . 0 O . 0 . O Shoping growth in Docorum Appendices for Topic Paper for the Chilterns Beechwoods SAC A summary/overview of available evidence BOROUGH Dacorum Local Plan (2020-2038) Emerging Strategy for Growth COUNCIL November 2020 Appendices Natural England reports 5 Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation 6 Appendix 1: Citation for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation (SAC) 7 Appendix 2: Chilterns Beechwoods SAC Features Matrix 9 Appendix 3: European Site Conservation Objectives for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation Site Code: UK0012724 11 Appendix 4: Site Improvement Plan for Chilterns Beechwoods SAC, 2015 13 Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 27 Appendix 5: Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI citation 28 Appendix 6: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 31 Appendix 7: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 33 Appendix 8: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Ashridge Commons and Woods, SSSI, Hertfordshire/Buckinghamshire 38 Appendix 9: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Ashridge Commons and Woods Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003 40 Tring Woodlands SSSI 44 Appendix 10: Tring Woodlands SSSI citation 45 Appendix 11: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 48 Appendix 12: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 51 Appendix 13: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Tring Woodlands SSSI 53 Appendix 14: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Tring Woodlands Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003. -
Pohoria Burda Na Dostupných Historických Mapách Je Aj Cieľom Tohto Príspevku
OCHRANA PRÍRODY NATURE CONSERVATION 27 / 2016 OCHRANA PRÍRODY NATURE CONSERVATION 27 / 2016 Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky Banská Bystrica Redakčná rada: prof. Dr. Ing. Viliam Pichler doc. RNDr. Ingrid Turisová, PhD. Mgr. Michal Adamec RNDr. Ján Kadlečík Ing. Marta Mútňanová RNDr. Katarína Králiková Recenzenti čísla: RNDr. Michal Ambros, PhD. Mgr. Peter Puchala, PhD. Ing. Jerguš Tesák doc. RNDr. Ingrid Turisová, PhD. Zostavil: RNDr. Katarína Králiková Jayzková korektúra: Mgr. Olga Majerová Grafická úprava: Ing. Viktória Ihringová Vydala: Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky Banská Bystrica v roku 2016 Vydávané v elektronickej verzii Adresa redakcie: ŠOP SR, Tajovského 28B, 974 01 Banská Bystrica tel.: 048/413 66 61, e-mail: [email protected] ISSN: 2453-8183 Uzávierka predkladania príspevkov do nasledujúceho čísla (28): 30.9.2016. 2 \ Ochrana prírody, 27/2016 OCHRANA PRÍRODY INŠTRUKCIE PRE AUTOROV Vedecký časopis je zameraný najmä na publikovanie pôvodných vedeckých a odborných prác, recenzií a krátkych správ z ochrany prírody a krajiny, resp. z ochranárskej biológie, prioritne na Slovensku. Príspevky sú publikované v slovenskom, príp. českom jazyku s anglickým súhrnom, príp. v anglickom jazyku so slovenským (českým) súhrnom. Členenie príspevku 1) názov príspevku 2) neskrátené meno autora, adresa autora (vrátane adresy elektronickej pošty) 3) názov príspevku, abstrakt a kľúčové slová v anglickom jazyku 4) úvod, metodika, výsledky, diskusia, záver, literatúra Ilustrácie (obrázky, tabuľky, náčrty, mapky, mapy, grafy, fotografie) • minimálne rozlíšenie 1200 x 800 pixelov, rozlíšenie 300 dpi (digitálna fotografia má väčšinou 72 dpi) • každá ilustrácia bude uložená v samostatnom súbore (jpg, tif, bmp…) • používajte kilometrovú mierku, nie číselnú • mapy vytvorené v ArcView je nutné vyexportovať do formátov tif, jpg,.. -
Green-Tree Retention and Controlled Burning in Restoration and Conservation of Beetle Diversity in Boreal Forests
Dissertationes Forestales 21 Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests Esko Hyvärinen Faculty of Forestry University of Joensuu Academic dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu, for public criticism in auditorium C2 of the University of Joensuu, Yliopistonkatu 4, Joensuu, on 9th June 2006, at 12 o’clock noon. 2 Title: Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests Author: Esko Hyvärinen Dissertationes Forestales 21 Supervisors: Prof. Jari Kouki, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Finland Docent Petri Martikainen, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Finland Pre-examiners: Docent Jyrki Muona, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Docent Tomas Roslin, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Division of Population Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Opponent: Prof. Bengt Gunnar Jonsson, Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden ISSN 1795-7389 ISBN-13: 978-951-651-130-9 (PDF) ISBN-10: 951-651-130-9 (PDF) Paper copy printed: Joensuun yliopistopaino, 2006 Publishers: The Finnish Society of Forest Science Finnish Forest Research Institute Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu Editorial Office: The Finnish Society of Forest Science Unioninkatu 40A, 00170 Helsinki, Finland http://www.metla.fi/dissertationes 3 Hyvärinen, Esko 2006. Green-tree retention and controlled burning in restoration and conservation of beetle diversity in boreal forests. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. ABSTRACT The main aim of this thesis was to demonstrate the effects of green-tree retention and controlled burning on beetles (Coleoptera) in order to provide information applicable to the restoration and conservation of beetle species diversity in boreal forests. -
Coleoptera Tenebrionoidea) with Redescription of Falsopseudotomoxia Argyropleura (Franciscolo, 1942) N
BOLL. SOC. ENTOMOL. ITAL., 145 (3): 103-115, ISSN 0373-3491 15 DICEMBRE 2013 Enrico ruZZiEr Taxonomic and faunistic notes on Italian Mordellidae (Coleoptera Tenebrionoidea) with redescription of Falsopseudotomoxia argyropleura (Franciscolo, 1942) n. comb. Riassunto: Note faunistiche e tassonomiche sui Mordellidi italiani con ridescrizione di Falsopseudotomoxia argyropleura (Franciscolo, 1942) n. comb. Nel presente lavoro sono forniti nuovi dati faunistici sui Mordellidae italiani ed è redatta una nuova checklist. Viene inoltre ridescritta Variimorda argyropleura e fornita una nuova combinazione tassonomica. Abstract: New faunistic records of italian Mordellidae and an updated checklist are given. Variimorda argyropleura is re-described and the species is assigned to the genus Falsopseudotomoxia. Key words: Coleoptera; Tenebrionoidea; Mordellidae; faunistic. iNTroduCTioN species whose status was in doubt. in this paper the Mordellidae is an extremely complex and ho- new status of Falsopseudotomoxia argyropleura mogeneous beetle family where a secure identifica- (Franciscolo, 1942) will be explained and an updated tion at species level is not possible without a check list of italian Mordellidae will be given. combination of genital morphology, external charac- ters (such as ridges on hind tibiae and tarsi, colour CHECK LisT oF iTALiAN MordELLidAE of the hairs on the elytra) and morphometric analysis. (* status not clear; [?] doubtful presence) in particular, genera such as Mordella (Linnaeus, ErPC: Enrico ruzzier Personal Collection, Mirano 1758) and Mordellistena (A. Costa, 1854) require at- (Venezia). tention due to the richness of sibling species (K. Er- CBFV: Centro Nazionale per lo studio e la Conservazione misch, 1954; 1956; 1963; 1965b; 1969; 1977), often della Biodiversità Forestale Bosco Fontana, Verona. sympatric. Therefore, faunistic research requires FAPC: Fernando Angelini Personal Collection, Francavilla careful and precise study of all material available. -
Coleópteros Saproxílicos De Los Bosques De Montaña En El Norte De La Comunidad De Madrid
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos Coleópteros Saproxílicos de los Bosques de Montaña en el Norte de la Comunidad de Madrid T e s i s D o c t o r a l Juan Jesús de la Rosa Maldonado Licenciado en Ciencias Ambientales 2014 Departamento de Producción Vegetal: Botánica y Protección Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos Coleópteros Saproxílicos de los Bosques de Montaña en el Norte de la Comunidad de Madrid Juan Jesús de la Rosa Maldonado Licenciado en Ciencias Ambientales Directores: D. Pedro del Estal Padillo, Doctor Ingeniero Agrónomo D. Marcos Méndez Iglesias, Doctor en Biología 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid el día de de 2014. Presidente D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Secretario D. Suplente D. Suplente D. Realizada la lectura y defensa de la Tesis el día de de 2014 en Madrid, en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos. Calificación: El Presidente Los Vocales El Secretario AGRADECIMIENTOS A Ángel Quirós, Diego Marín Armijos, Isabel López, Marga López, José Luis Gómez Grande, María José Morales, Alba López, Jorge Martínez Huelves, Miguel Corra, Adriana García, Natalia Rojas, Rafa Castro, Ana Busto, Enrique Gorroño y resto de amigos que puntualmente colaboraron en los trabajos de campo o de gabinete. A la Guardería Forestal de la comarca de Buitrago de Lozoya, por su permanente apoyo logístico. A los especialistas en taxonomía que participaron en la identificación del material recolectado, pues sin su asistencia hubiera sido mucho más difícil finalizar este trabajo. -
Nuevas Aportaciones Al Conocimiento De La Fauna De Coleópteros Saproxílicos (Coleoptera) Del Sistema Ibérico Septentrional, I
Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), nº 46 (2010) : 321−334. NUEVAS APORTACIONES AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA FAUNA DE COLEÓPTEROS SAPROXÍLICOS (COLEOPTERA) DEL SISTEMA IBÉRICO SEPTENTRIONAL, I: ROBLEDALES DEL VALLE MEDIO DEL IREGUA (SIERRA DE CAMEROS, LA RIOJA, ESPAÑA)* Ignacio Pérez-Moreno Universidad de La Rioja. Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación. c/Madre de Dios, 51. 26006 Logroño (La Rioja, España) − [email protected] * Trabajo financiado a través de la convocatoria 2005 de ayudas para estudios científicos de temática riojana, del Instituto de Estudios Riojanos (Gobierno de La Rioja) Resumen: Durante el año 2006 se realizó un muestreo de la fauna de coleópteros saproxílicos presente en dos robledales lo- calizados en el valle medio del Iregua (Sistema Ibérico septentrional). En total, se han estudiado 697 ejemplares y se han iden- tificado 154 especies, pertenecientes a 39 familias (excepto Staphylinidae). La mayoría de las especies se obtuvieron median- te trapas tipo tubo y multiembudo. Teniendo en cuenta su preferencia por microhábitats específicos, dominan las especies que viven en el leño y en la corteza, seguidas de las especies que habitan en los cuerpos fructíferos de hongos lignícolas y las que frecuentan las cavidades que se forman en los troncos de los árboles añosos. Con respecto al tipo de grupo trófico, las espe- cies xilófagas son las más abundantes, seguidas de las depredadoras y micetófagas. La biodiversidad saproxílica de estos bosques se ha caracterizado por presentar una mayoritaria presencia de especies de distribución europea. Se han identificado algunas especies raras, poco conocidas o indicadoras de la calidad de los bosques. -
A Baseline Invertebrate Survey of the Knepp Estate - 2015
A baseline invertebrate survey of the Knepp Estate - 2015 Graeme Lyons May 2016 1 Contents Page Summary...................................................................................... 3 Introduction.................................................................................. 5 Methodologies............................................................................... 15 Results....................................................................................... 17 Conclusions................................................................................... 44 Management recommendations........................................................... 51 References & bibliography................................................................. 53 Acknowledgements.......................................................................... 55 Appendices.................................................................................... 55 Front cover: One of the southern fields showing dominance by Common Fleabane. 2 0 – Summary The Knepp Wildlands Project is a large rewilding project where natural processes predominate. Large grazing herbivores drive the ecology of the site and can have a profound impact on invertebrates, both positive and negative. This survey was commissioned in order to assess the site’s invertebrate assemblage in a standardised and repeatable way both internally between fields and sections and temporally between years. Eight fields were selected across the estate with two in the north, two in the central block -
Supplementary Material
Parisi F, Lombardi F, Marziliano PA, Russo D, De Cristofaro A, Marchetti M, Tognetti R (2020). Diversity of saproxylic beetle communities in chestnut agroforestry systems iForest – Biogeosciences and Forestry – doi: 10.3832/ifor3478-013 Supplementary Material Fig. S1 - Differences of means for the occurring forms of MHs through the application of a Tukey test. In detail, if an interval does not contain the zero value, then the corresponding means are significantly different. s1 Parisi F, Lombardi F, Marziliano PA, Russo D, De Cristofaro A, Marchetti M, Tognetti R (2020). Diversity of saproxylic beetle communities in chestnut agroforestry systems iForest – Biogeosciences and Forestry – doi: 10.3832/ifor3478-013 Tab. S1 - List of species of Coleoptera and number of specimens collected from young coppice (YC), mature coppice (MC) and traditional fruit orchard (TO). IUCN = Red List Categories (Audisio et al. 2015). LC = Least Concern, NT = Near Threatened, VU = Vulnerable, EN = Endangered, DD = Data Deficient. CT = Trophic Categories. XY = xylophagous (also on healthy trees), SX = saproxylophagous (on dead wood and woody rotting material, including woodmould), PR = predator (as larvae and/or adults) of Sx/xy or of other saproxylic insects, MY = mycophagous (on hyphae of saproxylic fungi or yeasts, and myxomycetes, mostly under bark), MB = mycetobiontic on carpophora of large Polyporales and other fungi living on old trees and stumps, NI (CO) = inhabiting birds’ and small mammals’ nests in hollow trees, CO = commensal of Sx/xy or of other saproxylic insects, SF = sap-feeder on trees attacked by xy, SP = saprophytophagous (on dead vegetal rotting material associated with dead wood debris) (Audisio et al. -
293 315 Nikitskij.P65
Åâðàçèàòñêèé ýíòîìîë. æóðíàë 4(4): 293315 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2005 Ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé ñïèñîê æåñòêîêðûëûõ (Insecta, Coleoptera) Óäìóðòèè Checklist of beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) of Udmurtia Ñ.Â. Äåäþõèí*, Í.Á. Íèêèòñêèé**, Â.Á. Ñåì¸íîâ*** S.V. Dedyukhin*, N.B. Nikitsky**, V.B. Semenov*** * Êàôåäðà ýêîëîãèè æèâîòíûõ, Óäìóðòñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò, óë. Óíèâåðñèòåòñêàÿ 1, Èæåâñê 426034 Ðîññèÿ. E-mail: [email protected]. * Department of animal ecology, Udmurt State University, Universitetskaya str. 1, Izhevsk 426034 Russia. ** Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé ìóçåé ÌÃÓ èì. Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, óë. Áîëüøàÿ Íèêèòñêàÿ 6, Ìîñêâà 125009 Ðîññèÿ. Email: [email protected]. ** Zoological Museum of Moscow Lomonosov State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya 6, Moscow 125009 Russia. *** Èíñòèòóò ìåäèöèíñêîé ïàðàçèòîëîãèè è òðîïè÷åñêîé ìåäèöèíû èì. Å.È. Ìàðöèíîâñêîãî, óë. Ìàëàÿ Ïèðîãîâñêàÿ 20, Ìîñêâà 119435 Ðîññèÿ. *** Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 20, Moscow 119435 Russia. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Coleoptera, ôàóíà, Óäìóðòèÿ. Key words: Coleoptera, fauna, Udmurtia. Ðåçþìå. Ïðèâîäèòñÿ ïîëíûé ñïèñîê æåñòêîêðûëûõ óêàçàííûå â ïåðâîì ñïèñêå, çäåñü îòñóòñòâóþò, ÷òî, íàñåêîìûõ (Coleoptera) Óäìóðòèè, ãäå îòìå÷åíî íåìíî- ïî-âèäèìîìó, ãîâîðèò îá èõ îøèáî÷íîì îïðåäåëåíèè. ãèì áîëåå 2400 âèäîâ æóêîâ èç 91 ñåìåéñòâà. Âïåðâûå Ñ íàèáîëüøåé (ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíî îáùåìó ïîòåíöèàëü- äëÿ ðåãèîíà ïðèâåäåíî 1482 âèäà (ïîìå÷åíû â ñïèñêå íîìó ÷èñëó âèäîâ) ïîëíîòîé áûëè èçó÷åíû ñåìåéñòâà: çâåçäî÷êîé *, ñ ïðàâîé ñòîðîíû îò íàçâàíèÿ âèäà). Carabidae (139 âèäîâ), Cerambycidae (58), Scarabae- Abstract. A complete checklist (2400 species in 91 idae (s. l.) (57 âèäîâ), Elateridae (50 âèäîâ), à òàêæå families) of the beetles (Coleoptera) of Udmurtia is provided. Curculionidae (s. l.) (76), Buprestidae (20), Coccinellidae 1482 species are reported from Udmurtia for the first time, (17), äëÿ îñòàëüíûõ ïðèâåäåíû ëèøü îòäåëüíûå ïðåä- as indicated by an asterisk (*) in the list. -
A Promising Physical Pest-Control System Demonstrated in a Greenhouse Equipped with Simple Electrostatic Devices That Excluded All Insect Pests: a Review
Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 11, No. 18; 2019 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education A Promising Physical Pest-Control System Demonstrated in a Greenhouse Equipped With Simple Electrostatic Devices That Excluded All Insect Pests: A Review Yoshihiro Takikawa1, Koji Kakutani2,3, Yoshinori Matsuda4, Teruo Nonomura4, Shin-ichi Kusakari5 & Hideyoshi Toyoda5 1 Plant Center, Institute of Advanced Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan 2 Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan 3 Anti-Aging Centers, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan 4 Laboratory of Phytoprotection Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan 5 Research Association of Electric Field Screen Supporters, Nara, Japan Correspondence: Koji Kakutani, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan. Tel: 81-06-6721-2332. E-mail: [email protected] Received: August 7, 2019 Accepted: September 15, 2019 Online Published: November 15, 2019 doi:10.5539/jas.v11n18p1 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n18p1 Abstract Applied electrostatic engineering can be used to construct greenhouses that prevent entry of insect pests. Two types of electric field screen were used to exclude pests from the greenhouse: single- and double-charged dipolar electric field screens (S- and D-screen, respectively). The S-screen consisted of iron insulated conductor wires (ICWs) arrayed in parallel (ICW-layer), a grounded metal net on either side of the ICW-layer, and a direct current voltage generator. S-screens were attached to the side windows of the greenhouse to repel whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) that approached the nets. The D-screen was installed in a small anteroom at the greenhouse entrance to capture whiteflies entering through it. -
Additions and Corrections to Enumeratio Coleopterorum Fennoscandiae, Daniae Et Baltiae
@ Sahlbergiø Vol 3 : 33 -62, 1996 33 Additions and corrections to Enumeratio Coleopterorum Fennoscandiae, Daniae et Baltiae Hans Silfverberg Silfverberg, H. 1996. Additions and corrections to Enumeratio Coleopterorum Fennoscandiae, Daniae et Baltiae.- Sahlbergia 3:33-62. The latest checklist of North European Coleoptera was published in 1992, and is now updated with information on new distributional records from the different countries, and with taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. All these additions and corrections are based on published papers. Silfverberg, H. Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, P.O.Box 17, FIN-00014 Helsingfors. The latest checklist of North European Coleop- work by l¿wrence & Newton (1995) suggests some tera (Silfuerberg 1992) was published a few years family-level changes. These have not been incorpo- ago. The study ofthese insects has continued, and a rated in the following list, but are summarized in considerable number of additions has already been Appendix 2. Some of the changes are controversial, reported. In a few cases recent work has also made it and in some cases the decision, what should be necessary to change some of the names used in the ranked as a separate family, is a subjective one, but 1992'Lst. we can expect that at least a considerable number of This paper lists only such additions or changes these changes will be widely accepted. Occasionally that have been published, except for some minor I¿wrence & Newton also list the families in a differ- corrections, which primarily concem printing enors. ent order. Hansen (1996) also discusses many ofthese References to such publcations are given in square cases, where family level systematics can be expected brackets, so as to make them immediately distinguish- to change.