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Table of Contents To the Reader ................................................... xi On Style .......................................................xiii UNIT ONE Finding an American Voice 1820s to 1850s ........................................ 2 Washington Irving The Legend of Sleepy Hollow short story ................. 6 Literary Lens: Motif Author’s Style: Figurative Language .................... 37 Nathaniel Hawthorne Young Goodman Brown short story .................... 38 Literary Lens: Symbols Author’s Style: Setting ............................ 53 Ralph Waldo Emerson from Nature poem ............................... 54 Literary Lens: Imagery Author’s Style: Diction ............................ 59 Edgar Allan Poe The Masque of the Red Death short story ............... 60 The Raven poem ................................ 67 Literary Lens: Mood Author’s Style: Plot Structure ........................ 71 Walt Whitman from Song of Myself poem .......................... 72 Literary Lens: Sound Devices Author’s Style: Free Verse .......................... 77 Herman Melville Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street short story .... 78 Literary Lens: Conflict Author’s Style: Narrator ...........................115 Responding to Unit One ......................................116 Writing Extension: Film Critique UNIT TWO New American Voices 1860s to 1900s ...................................... 120 Frederick Douglass from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave autobiography ..................... 124 Literary Lens: Syntax Author’s Style: Tone ............................ 135 iv Mark Twain The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County short story 136 Literary Lens: Frame Narrator Author’s Style: Colloquialisms ...................... 143 Ambrose Bierce An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge short story ......... 144 Literary Lens: Sensory Details Author’s Style: Situational Irony ..................... 155 Emily Dickinson A Bird, came down the Walk poem .................. 156 One Sister have I in our house poem ................. 158 Two Butterflies went out at Noon poem .............. 159 Because I could not stop for Death poem ............. 160 Literary Lens: Allegory Author’s Style: Rhyme ........................... 161 Henry James The Real Thing short story ......................... 162 Literary Lens: Paradox Author’s Style: Characterization ..................... 189 Kate Chopin A Pair of Silk Stockings short story ................... 190 Literary Lens: Third-Person Omniscient Point of View Author’s Style: Climax ........................... 197 Charles Waddell Chesnutt The Wife of His Youth short story .................... 198 Literary Lens: Dialogue Author’s Style: Irony .............................213 Stephen Crane The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky short story ............. 214 Literary Lens: Imagery Author’s Style: Satire ............................ 227 O. Henry A Retrieved Reformation short story .................. 228 Literary Lens: Antihero Author’s Style: Dialogue .......................... 237 Willa Cather Paul’s Case: A Study in Temperament short story ......... 238 Literary Lens: Tone Author’s Style: Characterization ..................... 261 Responding to Unit Two ..................................... 262 WRITING EXTENSION: Historical Analysis v UNIT THREE Voices of Modernism 1910s to 1940s .................................... 266 Djuna Barnes Call of the Night poem ........................... 270 The Dreamer poem ............................. 272 Literary Lens: Mood Author’s Style: Rhyme and Stanzas ................... 273 Langston Hughes Jazzonia poem ................................. 274 Paul Laurence Dunbar We Wear the Mask poem ......................... 276 Jessie Redmon Fauset Dead Fires poem ............................... 276 Claude McKay America poem ................................. 277 The Barrier poem .............................. 277 James Weldon Johnson To America poem .............................. 278 Georgia Douglas Johnson Old Black Men poem ............................ 278 Literary Lens: Figurative Language Author’s Style: Rhythms .......................... 279 T. S. Eliot from The Waste Land poem ....................... 280 Literary Lens: Allusion Author’s Style: First-Person Point of View ............... 285 Ernest Hemingway Indian Camp short story ........................... 286 Literary Lens: Mood Author’s Style: Syntax ........................... 291 Katherine Anne Porter He short story .................................. 292 Literary Lens: Conflict Author’s Style: Characterization ..................... 305 F. Scott Fitzgerald An Interview with F. Scott Fitzgerald interview .......... 306 Literary Lens: Purpose Author’s Style: Allusions ...........................311 H. D. (Hilda Doolittle) Night poem ....................................312 Sea Rose poem .................................314 Literary Lens: Symbols Author’s Style: Imagery ........................... 315 Thomas Wolfe The Far and the Near short story .................... 316 Literary Lens: Antihero Author’s Style: Diction ........................... 321 vi John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums short story .................... 322 Literary Lens: Symbols Author’s Style: Setting ........................... 335 William Faulkner Barn Burning short story ........................... 336 Literary Lens: Stream of Consciousness Author’s Style: Syntax ........................... 357 Eudora Welty Why I Live at the P.O. short story .................... 358 Literary Lens: Unreliable Narrator Author’s Style: Local Color ........................ 373 Ralph Ellison The Black Ball short story .......................... 374 Literary Lens: Diction Author’s Style: Tone ............................ 385 Richard Wright from Black Boy memoir ........................... 386 Literary Lens: Conflict Author’s Style: Characterization ..................... 391 Truman Capote Miriam short story ............................... 392 Literary Lens: Voice Author’s Style: Foil .............................. 405 Responding to Unit Three .................................... 406 WRITING EXTENSION: Personal Essay UNIT FOUR Postwar Voices 1950s and 1960s .................................... 410 Ray Bradbury The Veldt short story ............................. 414 Literary Lens: Juxtaposition Author’s Style: Foreshadowing ...................... 429 Arthur Miller from The Crucible drama ......................... 430 Literary Lens: Allegory Author’s Style: Setting ........................... 439 John Cheever The Wrysons short story .......................... 440 Literary Lens: Irony Author’s Style: Satire ............................ 449 Kurt Vonnegut from Kurt Vonnegut: Letters letters .................. 450 Literary Lens: Tone Author’s Style: Voice ............................ 457 vii Carson McCullers Sucker short story ............................... 458 Literary Lens: First-Person Point of View Author’s Style: Characterization ..................... 469 Allen Ginsberg from Kaddish poem .............................. 470 A Supermarket in California poem .................. 476 Amiri Baraka An Agony. As Now. poem ......................... 478 Literary Lens: Conflict Author’s Style: Juxtaposition ....................... 481 Flannery O’Connor Everything That Rises Must Converge short story ......... 482 Literary Lens: Motif Author’s Style: Plot Twist ......................... 499 John Updike A&P short story ................................. 500 Literary Lens: Voice Author’s Style: Conflict ........................... 509 Ernest J. Gaines The Sky Is Gray short story ......................... 510 Literary Lens: First-Person Point of View Author’s Style: Tone ............................ 539 Bernadette Mayer Incandescent War Poem Sonnet poem ............... 540 Poem That Begins and Ends With So poem ............ 542 Literary Lens: Juxtaposition Author’s Style: Stream of Consciousness ............... 543 Responding to Unit Four ..................................... 544 WRITING EXTENSION: Argumentative Speech UNIT FIVE Voices of Diversity and Disillusionment 1970s and 1980s ..................................... 548 Gwendolyn Brooks We Real Cool poem ............................. 552 from Riot poem ................................ 554 Literary Lens: Characterization Author’s Style: Poetic Form ........................ 559 Maya Angelou from I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings autobiography ...... 560 Literary Lens: Dialect Author’s Style: Setting ........................... 567 Isaac Bashevis Singer The Key short story .............................. 568 Literary Lens: Symbols Author’s Style: Foreshadowing ...................... 579 viii Alice Walker The Flowers short story ........................... 580 Literary Lens: Mood Author’s Style: Imagery ........................... 583 Tim O’Brien Where Have You Gone, Charming Billy? memoir ......... 584 Literary Lens: Similes Author’s Style: Repetition ......................... 595 Raymond Carver Everything Stuck to Him short story .................. 596 Literary Lens: Frame Narrator Author’s Style: Flashback .......................... 603 Bobbie Ann Mason Detroit Skyline, 1949 short story ..................... 604 Literary Lens: Syntax Author’s Style: Dialect ........................... 623 Louise Erdrich American Horse short story ........................ 624 Literary Lens: Imagery Author’s Style: Symbolism ......................... 637 E. L. Doctorow The Writer in the Family short story .................. 638 Literary Lens: