A D B F U N D E D W A T E R S U P P L Y A N D S A N I T A T I O N S E C T O R P R O J E C T – A D D I T I O N A L F I N A N C I N G

SOCIOLOGICAL AND GENDER SURVEY PHASE I

SUBPROJECT I

Lernamerdz, Amberd, Aygeshat, Dasht, Doghs, Shahumyan, Shahumyan PF, Mousaler, Norakert, Voskevaz, Voskehat, Oshakan, Aghavnatun, Ptghunk villages, Armavir Region

Yerevan, 2013 JINJ LLC

HGSN – JINJ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Additional Financing

STATE COMMITTEE OF WATER SYSTEM UNDER THE RA MINISTRY FOR TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE ARMENIAN WATER AND SEWERAGE CJSC

DETAILED DESIGN

A D B F U N D E D W A T E R S U P P L Y A N D S A N I T A T I O N S E C T O R P R O J E C T – A D D I T I O N A L F I N A N C I N G

SUBPROJECT II –IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN ARMAVIR REGION SETTLEMENTS

Contract # L2860-ICB-1-01

SOCIOLOGICAL AND GENDER SURVEY PHASE I

Project director V. Hovasapyan

HGSN LLC, Design Chief Engineer E. Grigoryan

PR Specialist H. Aslanyan

Yerevan, 2013 JINJ LLC

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Content

1. Sociological survey ...... 5

1.1 Social-demographic description of the population in the project area ...... 5 1.2 Selection and method of the inquiry ...... 5 1.3 Gender-age combination of the respondents and description of households ...... 5 1.4 Main income sources of households ...... 6 1.5 Sanitary conditions in households ...... 7 1.6 Assessment of the water supply current state ...... 7 1.6.1 Methods of drinking water consumption by the households ...... 7 1.6.2 Duration of the average daily water supply of households ...... 8 1.6.3 Satisfaction from the water supply duration and quality ...... 10 1.7 Drinking water-borne diseases ...... 12 1.8 Main issues of women relating to the water supply ...... 13 1.8.1 Drinking water supply in the households ...... 13 1.8.2 Main purposes of drinking water consumptions ...... 14 1.9 Payments for the consumed water ...... 14 1.9.1 Frequency of payments for the consumed water bill ...... 14 1.9.2 Consumed water bill ...... 15 1.9.3 Payments for public services ...... 16 1.10 Attitude towards the water metering system of the consumed water volume ...... 17 1.11 Awareness and cooperation with AWS CJSC regarding the activities directed at improvement and support of the services provided to the AWS consumers ...... 17 1.11.1 Awareness of AWS CJSC consumers about the activities of the service improvement and support ...... 17 1.11.2 Cooperation with AWS CJSC ...... 18 1.12 Results of the analyses of sociological-gender surveys ...... 18 Appendix 1. Social survey checklist ...... 19

Appendix 2. Photos of sociological and gender surveys, discussions ...... 22

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Table 1 Gender-age combination ...... 5 Table 2. Means of drinking water consumption by households in communities, rates ...... 8 Table 3. Duration of daily average water supply of the households in rates ...... 9 Table 4. Are you satisfied with water supply? ...... 10 Table 5. Are you content with water supply quality? ...... 11 Table 6. Satisfaction of the households of the communities with water supply quality ...... 12 Table 7. Have you had any cases of water-borne diseases in your family in recent years? .... 13 Table 8. If required in the households ...... 14 Table 9. Main purposes of drinking water consumption...... 14 Table 10. How often do you pay for the water bill? ...... 14

Table 11. Payments for consumed water in summer and winter months ...... 15 Table 12. For which services do you pay most? ...... 17 Table 13. Are you informed on the AWSC activities directed at improvement and support of the

service provided to the customers? ...... 17 Table 14. Cooperation with AWS ...... 18

Table 15. Would you like to cooperate in future? ...... 18

Graph 1 ...... 6 Graph 2 ...... 6 Graph 3 ...... 15 Graph 4 ...... 16 Graph 5 ...... 16

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1. Sociological survey 1.1 Social-demographic description of the population in the project area

The project includes Lernamerdz, Amberd, Aygeshat, Dasht, Doghs, Shahumyan, Shahumyan PF, Musaler, Norakert, Aghavnatun, Ptghunk villages of Armavir Marz and Voskevaz, Voskehat, Oshakan villages of Aragatsotn Marz.

The number of permanent population in Armavir Marz dated 2012, January 1st is 22202 people, current population number is 20066, from which 10695 are women. The number of households in the project area of Armavir Marz is 4506, from which the existing ones are 4241. In this area a tendency of natural increase in population number is observed, as in accordance with data received in 2012, the birth number exceeded the number of death cases by 78 people. The number of births was 215, and that of deaths was 137.

The number of permanent population in Aragatsotn Marz dated 2012, January 1st is 11699, current population number is 11569, from which 5864 are women. The number of households is 3392, from which the existing ones are 3318. In this area a tendency of natural increase in population number is observed, as in accordance with data received in 2012, the birth number exceeded the number of deaths cases 43 people. The number of births was 136, and that of deaths was 93.

The presented information on statistic data was received from the leaders of the village communities.

1.2 Selection and method of the inquiry

Random selection has been used for the survey, in this way providing equal possibility for each household to be selected. Based on this principle, from the existing 7559 households in 14 communities the selected and surveyed households have been 234. The survey of information in the area of households has been made by a specially prepared checklist. The checklist is attached in Appendix 1.

1.3 Gender-age combination of the respondents and description of households

In these households 54.7% percent of the respondents were 41-60, 22.2% percent were 61 and older, 19.2% percent were 26-40, and 3.9% percent were 18-25 years old. 38.0% percent of them were men, 62.0% were women. The number of women exceeds the number of responding men, which can be reasoned by men being occupied at that moment, their absence, dominance of women in that region, etc. It must also be mentioned, that women associate with drinking water issues more for domestic and sanitary–hygienic needs. Gender- age combination is given in the following table 1. Table 1 Gender-age combination Age Gender 18-25 26-40 41-60 60 and more Male 33.3% 33.3% 36.0% 48.1% Female 66.7% 66.7% 64.0% 51.9%

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The number of members in 234 households selected in the survey people was 1103, 39.0% percent of which are women, 35.7% are men, 25.3% were teenagers up to 18 years old. That is to say, that in each household selected for the survey on average there is 1.2 teenagers, among the adults women made 52.2% percent. It must also be mentioned, in 42.3% of surveyed households there were no children. On average the number of selected family members was 4.7 people.

1.4 Main income sources of households

21.4% percent of the surveyed households consider their main source of income the state and community payments, 67.1% percent- the income received from trade of agricultural goods, 52.6% percent-the pension and allowances, 28.2%-income from private occupation, 13.7%- support from abroad, 8.5%-income received from working abroad and 5.5% other sources of support. The main source of income for the surveyed people may be seen in Graph 1.

Graph 1

Data received from the participants of the survey make it possible to have a clear concept of monthly average income of households. The average monthly income of 2.6% of households is up to 32 thousand drams, 12.4%- 33-50 thousand drams, 25.2%- 51-100 thousand drams, 59.8%-higher than 101 thousand drams. Approximate average monthly income of surveyed families can be seen in Graph 2.

Graph 2

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1.5 Sanitary conditions in households

In the communities included in the subproject there is no sewage system or the existing old one doesn’t work (Musaler v., Norakert v. Shahumyan v., Shahumyan PF, Ptghunk v, Oshakan v.). The population uses yard pit toilets or has bathrooms, which are connected to the sewage collector wells built in their own territory.

As to the sanitary conditions, 100% percent of the households has toilets. According to the results of the survey the toilets of 84.6% of population are located outside/ in the yards of the houses, and 23.5% percent of the toilets are inside the apartments or the houses, however as a result of not proper water supply there are sanitary-hygienic issues. In 76.5% of households bathroom/shower is missing. The respondents explain it by the absence of water supply. The inhabitants of Shahumyan, Norakert, Ptghunk apartment buildings complained from the poor condition of the sewage.

 Ptghunk v. – “the open air wastewater flows into the lands and joins the irrigation water, at least one well should be constructed”.

 Shahumyan v. – “Sewage water flows under the buildings”.

 Shahumyan PF – “sewage system was built by means of the building inhabitants”.

1.6 Assessment of the water supply current state

1.6.1 Methods of drinking water consumption by the households

According to the results of the survey, 71.8% percent of the survey participants use drinking water from the central water supply system by house connections, 48.7% from yard taps, 3.8% from street taps, 2.0% from private wells, 7.3% from public springs/wells, 4.3% buy water.

Water supply house connections have made 75.0% of Lernamerdz village community, 63.6%percent of Amberd, 91.7% of Aygeshat, 90.0% of Dasht, 60.0% of Doghs, 76.9% of Shahumyan, 66.7% of Shahumyan PF, 54.2% of Musaler, 85.7% of Norakert, 70.8% of Aghavnatun community, 36.4% of Ptghunk, 91.4% of Voskevaz, 76.9% of Voskehat, 57.6% of Oshakan.

Yard taps are used by 25.0% of households in Lernamerdz village community, 36.4% in Amberd, 66.7% in Aygeshat, 40.0% in Dasht, 50.0% in Doghs, 30.8% in Shahumyan, 33.3% in Shahumyan PF, 66.7% in Musaler, 33.3% in Norakert, 45.8% in Aghavnatun community, 9.1% in Ptghunk, 60.0% in Voskevaz, 69.2% in Voskehat, 57.6% in Oshakan villages.

Street taps are used by 27.3% of households in Amberd village community, 11.1% of Shahumyan PF, 4.2% of Musaler, 4.8% of Norakert, 2.9% of Voskevaz, 6.1% of Oshakan.

As a result of the absence of water supply 4.2% of households in Musaler village community, 4.8% in Norakert, 16.7% in Aghavnatun village community, 9.1% in Ptghunk, 7.7% in Voskehat, 18.2% of Oshakan use public wells/springs. 16.7% percent of households in Musaler village community and 54.5% in Ptghunk buy water.

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Means of drinking water consumption by households of the communities and subproject in general are presented in Table 2.

Table 2. Means of drinking water consumption by households in communities, rates

Community House Yard Street Private Public Water connection tap tap well well/spring sold 1 Lernamerdz 75.5 25.0 2 Amberd 63.6 36.4 27.3 3 Aygeshat 91.7 66.7 4 Dasht 90.0 40.0 5 Doghs 60.0 50.0 6 Shahumyan 76.9 30.8 7 Shahumyan PF 66.7 33.3 11.1 8 Musaler 54.2 66.7 4.2 8.3 4.2 16.7 9 Norakert 85.7 33.3 4.8 4.8 10 Aghavnatun 70.8 45.8 16.7 11 Ptghunk 36.4 9.1 9.1 54.5 12 Voskevaz 91.4 60.0 2.9 13 Voskehat 76.9 69.2 7.7 14 Oshakan 57.6 57.6 6.1 18.2 In the project in general 71.8 48.7 3.8 2.0 7.3 4.3

1.6.2 Duration of the average daily water supply of households

According to the investigation data, during summer months 12.0% of households in the project area had on average 0-4 hours long daily water supply, 9.4% 5-11 hours, 12.8%-12-23 hours, 53.8%-24 hours, and 17.1% mentioned unstable or no water supply at all.

Investigation results show, that the form of water supply changes a little in winter months. In the surveyed communities 8.5% of households had water supply for 0-4 hours, 9.0% for 5-11 hours, 6.8% for 12-23hours, 59.9% for 24 hours, and 15.8% mentioned unstable or no water supply at all. The investigation showed, that water supply during the winter months, despite of the deteriorated condition of the water supply internal network and rising emergency conditions, water supply is carried out a little bit better, than during the summer months.

9.0% didn’t have any water supply at all, so they purchased water or used the neighboring and public springs.

In the households of the total subproject the average daily water supply duration in summer and winter months expressed in rates is provided in table 3.

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Table 3. Duration of daily average water supply of the households in rates

Summer months Winter months other/ other / unstable, unstable, Community 0-4 5-11 12-23 24 0-4 5-11 12-23 24 without without hours hours hours hours hours hours hours hours water water supply supply 1 Lernamerdz 37.5 12.5 50 50.0 50.0 2 Amberd 72.7 27.3 72.7 27.3 3 Aygeshat 100 100 4 Dasht 100 100 5 Doghs 90 10 90 10 6 Shahumyan 7.7 15.4 46.2 53.9 7.7 15.4 46.2 46.2 7 Shahumyan 11.1 11.1 33.3 55.0 11.1 11.1 33.3 55.0 PF 8 Musaler 29.2 20.8 29.2 16.7 16.7 29.2 20.8 25.0 20.8 8.3 9 Norakert 28.6 28.6 23.8 14.3 4.8 28.6 28.6 23.8 14.3 4.8 10 Aghavnatun 12.5 16.7 12.5 54.2 12.5 12.5 20.8 4.3 58.3 16.7 11 Ptghunk 54.5 45.5 54.6 45.5 12 Voskevaz 5.7 17.1 71.4 11.4 2.9 88.6 8.6 13 Voskehat 7.7 7.7 46.2 38.5 7.7 92.3 14 Oshakan 9.1 9.1 6.1 57.6 21.2 3.0 9.1 3.0 63.6 21.2 In the project 12.0 9.4 12.8 53.8 17.1 8.5 9.0 6.8 59.9 15.8 in general

As to the individual communities, the average daily water supply of the surveyed households according to the hours during the summer and winter months are clearly presented in the table. Water supply in separate communities has the following image:  In Amberd community during the summer and winter months the 27.3% percent doesn’t have water supply.  In Doghs community during the summer and winter months the 10.0% percent doesn’t have water supply.  In Shahumyan community during the summer and winter months the 46.2% percent doesn’t have stable water supply. It is mainly carried out by pumps.  In Shahumyan PF community 46.7% of the households during the summer and winter months had unstable or unsubstantial water supply received by pumps, and 8.3% percent didn’t have any water supply.  In Musaler community during the summer months the 29.2% percent had 12-23 hours water supply, once in 2 days for 24 hours, and 16.7.5% had unstable water supply. 8.3% of households doesn’t have water supply.  In Norakert community water supply of 38.0% percent of the households is carried out by pumps and collected in barrels. 4.8% of households doesn’t have water supply.  In Aghavnatun community in winter months the 16.7% percent had unstable water supply. Water supply is mainly carried out by pumps. 12.5% of households doesn’t have water supply.

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 In Ptghunk community during the summer and winter months 9.1% of households had unstable water supply. In households it is carried out by pumps and collected in flumes. 45.5% of households doesn’t have water supply.  In Voskevaz community in summer months 11.4% percent of households had unstable water supply, and in winter months 8.6%.  In Oshakan community 21.2% of households doesn’t have water supply. In communities included in the subproject the water supply internal network is completely or partially deteriorated. That is why there are often emergency situations; water supply is carried out with intervals. It is clearly presented in Table 3. The presented data of the respondents show, that as a result of water supply systems improvement it is expected that the water supply duration will be extended, the emergencies will be decreased, the volume will be increased.

1.6.3 Satisfaction from the water supply duration and quality

Based on the opinions expressed within the communities included in the project, it may be concluded, that during the summer months 58.1% were content from water supply hours and duration, 39.3% were not satisfied with water supply hours and duration, moreover their 9.0% percent doesn’t have water supply at all, and 2.6% had difficulty in answering.

In the project communities 65.0% of the households during the winter months expressed their satisfaction, 32.4% percent is not content with water supply hours and duration, and 2.6% had difficulty in answering.

Household satisfaction with water supply hours and duration is expressed in rates in the following table 4. Table 4. Are you satisfied with water supply?

Difficult Yes No to answer Summer 58.1% 39.3% 2.6% months Winter 65.0% 32.4% 2.6% months

Satisfaction of participants with water supply hours and duration from separate communities for summer and winter months was expressed in the following way:  Lernamerdz community -62.5% of households is content with the hours and duration of the water supply during the summer months and 37.5% is not content, for winter months 87.5% of the answers was “yes”, 12.5% was “no”.  In Amberd – for summer and winter months, 72.7% of the answers was “yes”, 27.3% was “no”.  Aygeshat, Dasht villages are 100% satisfied.  Doghs – for summer and winter months 90% of the answers was “yes”, 10% was “no”.

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 Shahumyan – for summer months the 46.2% of the answers was “yes”, 46.2% was “no”, for winter months 53.8% of the answers was “yes”, 38.5% was “no”. 7.7% had difficulties in answering.  Shahumyan PF – for summer months 11.1% was “yes”, 66.7% was “no”, 22.2% had difficulties in answering, for winter months 44.4% percent of the answers was “yes”, 44.4% was “no”, 11.1% had difficulties in answering.  Musaler – for summer months 12.5% of the answers was “yes”, 83.3% was “no”, and 41.7% had difficulties in answering, for winter months 16.7% of the answers was “yes”, 79.2% was “no”, and 4.2% had difficulties in answering.  Norakert – for summer and winter months 28.6% of the answers was “yes” and 71.4% was “no”.  Aghavnatun – for summer months 50.0% of the answers was “yes”, 41.7% was “no”, 8.3% had difficulties in answering, for winter months 54.2% percent of the answers was “yes”, 41.7% was “no”, 4.2% had difficulties in answering.  Ptghunk - for summer and winter months 54.5% percent of the answers was “yes” and 45.5% was “no”.  Voskevaz – for summer months 88.6% of the answers was “yes”, 11.4% was “no”, for winter months 94.3% percent of the answers was “yes”, 2.9% was “no”, 2.9% had difficulties in answering.  Voskehat – for summer months 46.2% of the answers was “yes”, 61.5% was “no”, 2.6- had difficulties in answering, for winter months 76.9% was “yes”, 15.4% was “no”, 7.7% had difficulties in answering.  Oshakan – for summer months 60.6% was “yes”, 39.4% was “no”, for winter months 69.7% was “yes”, 30.3% was “no”.

As to the answers given regarding the water quality, 37,1% estimated it as “good” with 4-5 indexes. 24.4% of the respondents complained from the water quality and estimated it as “bad”, with 1-2 indexes. According to them, the supplied water has taste, smell, sand sediment. According to the population of the communities the water coming through the deteriorated pipes contains warms; the water remaining in the pipes gets rotten. The water often is supplied with sand, earth, rust residuals. There is a mud in the water flowing through the pipes after the rain.

27.4% percent of the respondents estimated it “3”, that is to say they are satisfied with water supply quality.

8.1% of the surveyed people had difficulties in answering.

Table 5 provides the answers regarding the water supply quality of households expressed in rates: Table 5. Are you content with water supply quality?

Water quality index Difficulties in 1 is the lowest, 5 is the highest answering 1 2 3 4 5 10..3% 14.1% 27.4% 11.5% 25.6% 8.1%

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If we estimate the water quality supplied to the households as “bad” from 1-2, satisfactory 3, good 4-5 indexes, then according to the estimations of the respondents in the communities, we’ll get the following image (presented in Table 6).

Table 6. Satisfaction of the households of the communities with water supply quality

Estimation given by the inhabitants, rates Community bad satisfactory good Difficulties in answering 1 Lernamerdz 37.5 62.5 2 Amberd 45,5 27.3 27.3 3 Aygeshat 8.3 91.7 4 Dasht 10.0 20.0 50.0 20.0 5 Doghs 20.0 20 60.0 6 Shahumyan 38.5 23.0 38.5 7 Shahumyan PF 11.1 22.2 44.4 11.1 8 Musaler 50.0 29.2 12.5 4.3 9 Norakert 6.7 42.9 33.3 10 Aghavnatun 16.7 33.3 37.5 4.2 11 Ptghunk 27.3 18.2 9.1 12 Voskevaz 25.7 25.7 28.6 20.0 13 Voskehat 30.8 30.8 38.4 14 Oshakan 18.2 27.3 36.3 21.2 In the project in general 24.4 27.4 37.1 8.1

Water supply quality was estimated bad by the 50.0% of the participants in Musaler village community, 45.5% of Amberd, 38.5% of Shahumyan, 30.8% of Voskehat, 27.3% of Ptghunk, 25.7% of Voskevaz, 20.0% of Doghs, 18.2% of Oshakan, 16.7% of Aghavntun, 11.1% of Shahumyan PF, 10.0% of Dasht, 6.7% of Norakert.

1.7 Drinking water-borne diseases

The participants are anxious about the issues regarding the bad water quality and water- borne diseases. The answers of the following question “Have you had any cases of water- borne diseases in your family in recent years?” have been studied.

In the families of 7.7% percent of the participants there have been diseases of stomach-guts, in 88.9% of the families there has been no illness, and 3.4% had difficulties in answering. The participants mentioned that in order to prevent the diseases, they boil the water before using it.

According to the participants, disease of guts has occurred in 20.8% percent of the households in Musaler communities, 18.2% in Ptghunk, 12.5% in Dasht, 11.1% in Shahumyan PF, 10.0% in Doghs, 9.1% in Amberd, 6.1% in Oshakan, 5.7% in Voskevaz. Cases of water-borne diseases, according to separate communities, are given in Table 7.

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Table 7. Have you had any cases of water-borne diseases in your family in recent years?

Disease cases in the families of the participants passed through the water, rates Community yes no Difficulties in answering 1 Lernamerdz 100 2 Amberd 9.1 72.7 18.2 3 Aygeshat 91.7 8.3 4 Dasht 12.5 87.5 5 Doghs 10.0 90.0 6 Shahumyan 100 7 Shahumyan PF 11.1 88.9 8 Musaler 20.8 75.0 4.2 9 Norakert 4.8 95.2 10 Aghavnatun 100 11 Ptghunk 18.2 81.8 12 Voskevaz 5.7 91.4 2.9 13 Voskehat 7.7 92.3 14 Oshakan 6.1 84.9 9.1 In the project in general 7.7 88.9 3.4

According to the opinions expressed by the participants, in some communities cases of water- borne diseases are missing, and the existing cases except some communities (Musaler, Ptghunk, Shahumyan PF, Dasht, Doghs, Amberd, Voskehat), are expressed weakly. Cases of diseases are immediately connected with water supply quality. As a result of deteriorated condition of the water supply internal network, frequent and long interruptions, the water quality gets worse, which in its turn may of course influence the health of the family members. Participants of the survey associate the diseases with it. In order to prevent the diseases, after emergencies and water supply interruptions the participants of the survey leave the water to flow in order to be cleared. It must be mentioned, that in cases of such illnesses the participants have not gone to the doctor to confirm it.

1.8 Main issues of women relating to the water supply

1.8.1 Drinking water supply in the households

Based on the opinions expressed in the households, it may be concluded, that in such conditions of poor water supply, particularly, women are in bad condition. Survey data regarding the answers of the respondents in the community to the question “If required who fetches water in the households?” is provided in Table 8. In 39.6% percent of the cases women carry water in buckets.

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Table 8. If required in the households

Data of the people surveyed in the communities, rates Women Men Children All In the project in general 39.6 9.6 3.2 15.0

Providing the household with drinking water requires great efforts and time from women. So, some of the survey participants have mentioned, that they bring water from the neighbors, street and public springs located 20m up to 250-500m distance, and women bring water by cars from longer distances.

1.8.2 Main purposes of drinking water consumptions

Table 9 provides the survey data regarding that issue within the community households.

Table 9. Main purposes of drinking water consumption

For drinking and For domestic For animal For irrigation Other in the kitchen needs husbandry 95.7% 90.2% 0.8% 5.1% -

1.9 Payments for the consumed water 1.9.1 Frequency of payments for the consumed water bill 92.7% percent of the surveyed participants answered “yes” to the question “Do you pay for the consumed water” question, 3.4% said “no”, and 0.9% had difficulties in answering.

Answers to the question “How often do you pay the water bill?” have a positive attitude, as their 82.1% stated that they pay the bill every month. The ones, who don’t pay at all, are 5.6%; they are mainly the households, which do not have a drinking water and bring it from the street taps, public springs, neighbors or they purchase it. Unsteady payments for the drinking water have made the 12.4% of the survey participants. Based on the answers received in separate communities, the results of the survey regarding this issue is provided in table 10.

Table 10. How often do you pay for the water bill? Payments of the respondants in the communities for Community the water bill, rates monthly not regularly doesn’t pay 1 Lernamerdz 75.0 25.0 2 Amberd 63.6 36.4 3 Aygeshat 83.3 16.7 4 Dasht 100.0 5 Doghs 80.0 10.0 10.0 6 Shahumyan 84.6 15.4

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7 Shahumyan PF 88.9 11.1 8 Musaler 66.7 20.8 12.5 9 Norakert 85.7 9.5 4.8 10 Aghavnatun 83.3 12.5 4.2 11 Ptghunk 45.5 9.1 45.5 12 Voskevaz 94.3 5.7 13 Voskehat 76.9 23.1 14 Oshakan 90.9 6.1 3.0 In the project in general 82.1 12.4 5.6

1.9.2 Consumed water bill

Regarding the issues of the amount of the bill payments in summer months 24.4% of the survey participants in the communities on average is up to 1000 drams monthly, 35.5% is up to 1001-2000 drams, 18.4% is up to 2001-3000drams, 11.2% is up to 3001-5000 drams, 2.6%- is up to 5000 drams and more. In winter months the monthly average amount of water bill for 26.5% of the survey participants has been up to 1000 drams, 33.3% up to 1001- 2000drams, 20.5% up to 2001-3000 drams, 10.7% up to 3001-5000 drams, 0.9% up to 5000 drams and more.

The results of the answers to the question “How much do you pay monthly for the consumed water?” in summer and winter months are presented in Table 11, and graphics are given in Graph 3 and Graph 4. Table 11. Payments for consumed water in summer and winter months

Payments in drams more than up to 1000 1000-2000 2001-3000 3001-4000 doesn’t pay 4000 Summer 25% 36% 19% 6% 8% 6% months Winter 27% 34% 21% 6% 6% 6% months

Graph 3

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Graph 4

If water supply services are improved in future 97.4% of households mentioned, that they will pay in accordance with specified bills and water meter readings. How much money the survey participants are willing to pay if water supply services are improved may be seen in table 5.

Graph 5

Actually, as it can be seen from the images, if water supply services are improved, then water consumption volumes and their payments will be increased. In graph 5 it is obvious, that the group of non-payers is reduced, water consumption has increased, due to which the group of consumers paying up to 1000 drams has decreased, and the groups of consumers paying 1000-2000 drams and 2000-3000 drams.

1.9.3 Payments for public services

Payments of the survey respondents made for the public services in the households have been investigated within the frame of the question “For which services do you pay most?”. Survey results, in accordance with gas, power and drinking water payments of the respondents’ households for summer and winter months, are presented in table 12. There are households, where even in cases of gas connections, in winter the inhabitants mainly use Subproject I – Detail Design 16 HGSN – JINJ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Additional Financing wood stoves. 32.5% of the households of the subproject communities don’t have gas supply. Taking into account, that in some communities and households gas supply is missing or the inhabitants are not able to pay, however, according to the average index of the subproject, in winter for gas payments are more.

Many of the respondents have mentioned, that they don’t get drinking water or it is unsubstantial. They get it only through the pump, as a result of which the electricity bill increases. Table 12. For which services do you pay most?

In the project Payments for services, communities 1 is the highest 1 2 3 In summer months Electrical energy Gas Drinking water In winter months Gas Electrical energy Drinking water

1.10 Attitude towards the water metering system of the consumed water volume

As a method of payment 97.4% of the households mentioned the payment for the actual consumed water according to the water meter.

According to the results, 80.8% of the consumers has installed water meter or has bought it, but not installed it yet, and 18.4% doesn’t have a water meter. 18.0% of the respondents, who don’t have water meters, but if improvements are made, they are willing to install water meters and make regular monthly payments, 1.3% responded negatively with not being able to but a water meter, 0.4% had difficulties in answering.

The existing positive attitude within the population towards that system may contribute to the complete investments in the system in the project area.

1.11 Awareness and cooperation with AWS CJSC regarding the activities directed at improvement and support of the services provided to the AWS consumers

1.11.1 Awareness of AWS CJSC consumers about the activities of the service improvement and support

Surveys have been made in the households in order to discover the awareness of AWS LLC consumers regarding the activities directed at the service improvement and support. The results of the survey are presented in table 13. Simultaneously, the survey itself provided information to the consumers.

Table 13. Are you informed on the AWSC activities directed at improvement and support of the service provided to the customers? Activities intending to improve and support AWS LLC Yes No consumers’ services Hot line for consumers’ services, 19.7% 80.3% telephone number 1-71 Subproject I – Detail Design 17 HGSN – JINJ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Additional Financing

New option for sending water meter readings through 11.5% 88.5% the 81-71 short massage armwater.am internet website 9.8% 90.2%

1.11.2 Cooperation with AWS CJSC

According to the data received from the respondents, 17.5% cooperates with AWS LLC. Moreover, their 64.3% warns against the accidents, 31.0% warns against the pressure fall and quality decrease of the water supply and their 2.4% provides information on consumed water amount by means of short messages and the website.

The results of the survey carried out within the frame of the subproject regarding cooperation of AWS employees with the households is given in Table 14.

Table 14. Cooperation with AWS Provide information on the Warns against the pressure Warns against the accidents amount of the consumed water fall and qulaity decrease of through a short message or the the water supply website 11.5% 0.4% 5.6%

89.3% of the survey respondents have mentioned that they do not cooperate with AWS. Their willingness to cooperate in future is presented in Table 15.

Table 15. Would you like to cooperate in future?

Yes No Difficult to answer

Would you like to cooperate in future ? 32.5% 24.8% 32.1%

The answers of the respondents regarding this issue are positive.

The mentioned opinions may be useful for the development of water supply designs of the area and cooperation development with ASW consumers.

1.12 Results of the analyses of sociological-gender surveys

As a result of sociological-gender survey several issues have been specified, regarding which additional information will be provided during the public awareness campaign.

The main issues are the following:

o Water supply duration and interruptions

o Water supply bill

o Water quality and safe water supply

o Not satisfactory cooperation level with AWS CJSC. Subproject I – Detail Design 18 HGSN – JINJ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Additional Financing

Appendix 1. Social survey checklist

1. гñóíáÕÇ µÝ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý í³ÛñÁ` Ù³ñ½, ù³Õ³ù/ ·ÛáõÕ Place of respondent’s residence –marz, town/village

2.гñóíáÕÇ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Personal data of the respondent 2.1 гñóíáÕÇ ³ÝáõÝ ³½·³ÝáõÝ Full name of the respondent 2.2 гñóíáÕÇ ë»éÁ ²ñ³Ï³Ý Æ·³Ï³Ý Sex of the respondent Male Female 2.3 гñóíáÕÇ ï³ñÇùÁ 18-25 26-40 41-60 61-իցµ³ñÓñ, Age of the respondent more than 61 2.4 ÀÝï³ÝÇùÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ 1-2 3-4 5-6 ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ more than 7 Number of family members 2.5 ÀÝï³ÝÇùáõÙ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ÎÇÝ îÕ³Ù³ñ¹ ºñ»Ë³ ù³Ý³ÏÁ Áëï ë»éÇ Female Male Child Family members by gender 2.6. Հարցվողի զµ³Õí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý µÝáõÛÃÁ Respondent’s type of employment Մ³ëݳíáñ ԳÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõà îݳÛÇÝ ä»ï³Ï³Ý/ гٳÛÝù³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ ÛáõÝ ïÝï»ëáõÑÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ³ß˳ïáÕ Private Agriculture Housewife ²ÛÉ /Other State/ Community employee entrepreneur

3. ÀÝï³ÝÇùÇ »Ï³ÙïÇ ³ÕµÛáõñÁ Family income source ì³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ºÏ³Ùáõï Ù³ëݳíáñ Âáß³Ï/ Ýå³ëï ²ñﳷݳ ԱÛÉ /Other Remuneration ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÇó/·Ûáõ Pension/ social ³ß˳ï³Ýù Õ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó benefits go off in search Income from private of a living activity/agriculture 4. ÀÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ùáï³íáñ »Ï³ÙáõïÁ / ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù Approximate family income / AMD ÙÇÝ㨠32 000 33 000-50 000 51 000-100 000 100 000-Çó µ³ñÓñ Up to 32 000 More than 100 000

5. ²å³Ñáíí³Í »ù ³ñ¹Ûá±ù ËÙ»Éáõ çñáí Are you provided with drinking water? ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No سë³Ùµ/partially 6. ÆÝã± Ýå³ï³Ïáí »ù ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ ËÙ»Éáõ çáõñÁ What is the main purpose of using drinking water? ÊÙ»Éáõ ¨ λÝó³Õ³ÛÇÝ àéá·Ù³Ý ²Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ²ÛÉ/Other ËáѳÝáóÇ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇ Irrigation animal husbandry Drinking household needs

7. Հիմնականում խÙ»Éáõ çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý á±ñ Ó¨Çó »ù û·ïíáõÙ Mainly what form of drinking water supply do you use?

Subproject I – Detail Design 19 HGSN – JINJ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Additional Financing

îݳÛÇÝ ´³Ï³ÛÇÝ öáÕáó³ÛÇÝ ê»÷³Ï³Ý çñÑáñ гë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý æáõñÁ ·ÝáõÙ »Ù Íáñ³Ï Íáñ³Ï Íáñ³Ï Bore well of public çñÑáñ/³ÕµÛáõñ Purchase of water In-house tap In-yard tap Public tap use Public borewell/spring 8.ØÇçÇÝ ûñ»Ï³Ý çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ Average daily water supply duration 8.1²Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ 0 – 4 5 – 11 12 – 23 24 ԱÛÉ Summer ų٠ų٠ų٠ժամ /Other hour hour hour hour 8.2 ÒÙ»é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ Winter 9.²ñ¹Ûá±ù Ò»½ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ý çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Å³Ù»ñÝ áõ ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ Are you satisfied with water supply hours and duration? 9.1 ²Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ëË³Ý»É Summer Difficult to answer 9.2 Ձմեռային ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ëË³Ý»É Winter Difficult to answer 10. ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ îî-áõÙ áíù»±ñ »Ý çáõñ ÏñáõÙ / Who brings water if required

γݳÛù / Women îÕ³Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ / Men ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ / Children ´áÉáñÁ / Everybody 11. Øáï³íáñ³å»ë áñù³±Ý Ñ»é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¿ Ñ³ñÏ »Õ³Í ¹»åùáõÙ çáõñÁ µ»ñíáõÙ / What is the distance of the source of brought water Մինչև 50մ 50-100մ/m 100-150մ/m 150-200մ/m 200-250մ/m ԱÛÉ /Other Up to 50m 12.ì׳ñáõÙ »ù ³ñ¹Ûá± ù ëå³é³Í çñÇ ¹ÇÙ³ó Do you pay for consumed water? ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ Difficult to answer 13.Սå³é³Í çñÇ ¹ÇÙ³ó ÙÇçÇÝáõÙ ³Ùë³Ï³Ý áñù³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ »ù í׳ñáõÙ – ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù How much do you pay per month for consumed water? ²Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ ÒÙ»é³ÛÇÝ ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ Summer Winter 14. ÆÝã ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ »ù í׳ñáõÙ çñÇ í³ñÓÁ What is the frequency of paying water bill? ²Ùë³Ï³Ý / Per month ²ÝϳÝáÝ/ Irregularly â»Ù í׳ñáõÙ/ I do not pay

15. æñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ³Ùë³Ï³Ý áñù³±Ý »ù å³ïñ³ëï í׳ñ»É – ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù How much are you ready to pay in case of improving water supply services/AMD?

______ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù/AMD

16. î»ÕÛ³Ï »ù ³ñ¹Ûá±ù ÐæÎ ö´À µ³Å³Ýáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý µ³ñ»É³íÙ³ÝÝ ¨ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÇó Are you informed on the AWSC activities directed at improvement and support provided to the customers? ´³Å³Ýáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý 81-71 ϳñ× Ñ³Õáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý armwater.am ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ûù/ ûŠ·ÍÇ 1-71 Ñ»é³Ëáë³Ñ³Ù³ñ/ ÙÇçáóáí çñ³ã³÷Ç óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ armwater.am web site Custemers service hot line 1-71 ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý Ýáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï/ New option on providing water meter readings through the message 81- 71

²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No ²Ûá/ Yes àã /No

Subproject I – Detail Design 20 HGSN – JINJ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Additional Financing

17. ²ñ¹Ûá±ù ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÙ »ù ÐæÎ-Ç Ñ»ï Do you cooperate with AWSC? Եթե ²Ûá, ապա նշեք ստորև բերված տարբերակներից մեկը Եթե ոչ, ապա կցանկանայիք If Yes, mention one of the following options համագործակցել հետագայում If No, are you willing to cooperate in the future ? ²Ñ³½³Ý·áõÙ êå³é³Í çñ³ù³Ý³ÏÇ ²Ñ³½³Ý·áõÙ »ù ²Ûá/ Yes »ù íóñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³óÝáõÙ »ù Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñíáÕ çñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É/ ϳñ× ×ÝßÙ³Ý ³ÝÏÙ³Ý, áñ³ÏÇ àã, å³ï׳éÁ/ No, the reason Informign about ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ù í³ïóñ³óÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ/ accidents ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³ÛùÇ Informing about pressure ÙÇçáóáí/ fall of supplied water, ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ Informing on consumed quality decrease Difficult to answer water through message or website 18*. êáíáñ³µ³ñ, îî-áõÙ áí ¿ ³Ñ³½³Ý·áõÙ çñÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É / Who alarms on the water issues in the household? γݳÛù/ Women îÕ³Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ/ Men ²ÛÉ /Other 19. àõÝ»ù ³ñ¹Ûáù çñ³ã³÷ Do you have a water meter installed? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No 20. ̳é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ å³ïñ³ëï »ù ï»Õ³¹ñ»É çñ³ã³÷ ¨ å³ñï³×³Ý³ã ϳï³ñ»É ³Ùë³Ï³Ý í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ Are you ready to install water meter in case of improving water supply services and pay regularly? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ Difficult to answer 21. ²ñ¹Ûá±ù Ò»½ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ ջրաÙ³ï³Ï³ñ³ñման ծառայության որակը / Are you satisfied with water services provided? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ëË³Ý»É / Difficult to answer 22.²ñ¹Ûá±ù Ò»½ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñíáÕ çñÇ áñ³ÏÁ Are you satisfied with supplied water quality? ¸³ë³Ï³ñ·»É 1-5, áñï»Õ 1-Ý ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ, ÇëÏ 5-Ý ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ ³Ù»Ý³µ³ñÓñ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ ¿ Difficult to answer [ ] [ ] Classify 1-5, where 1is poorest and 5is the best water quality criteria 23.ì»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ Ò»ñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùáõÙ »Õ»É »Ý ³ñ¹Ûá±ù çñի միջոցով փոխանցվող ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý ¹»åù»ñ Have any cases of water borne diseases been reported over the last years? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No ¸Åí³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ù å³ï³ëË³Ý»É / Difficult to answer 24. à±ñ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï »ù í׳ñáõÙ What are the services you pay more? ´Ý³Ï³Ý ·³½ ¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ æáõñ Natural gas Electricity Water 25**. ²ñ¹Ûá±ù միացած »ù Ï»Ýïñáݳóí³Í ÏáÛáõÕáõ ѳٳϳñ·ին Are you provided with centralized sewerage system? ²Ûá/Yes àã /No سë³Ùµ/ partially 26. ÆÝã ïÇåÇ ½áõ·³ñ³ÝÇó »ù û·ïíáõÙ / What type of lavatory do you use? ÞÇÃáí ½áõ·³ñ³Ý µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ ´³Ï³ÛÇÝ ãáñ ½áõ·³ñ³Ý/ ²ÛÉ /Other Flash toilet in the flat Yard toilet

Subproject I – Detail Design 21 HGSN – JINJ Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Additional Financing

Appendix 2. Photos of sociological and gender surveys, discussions

Subproject I – Detail Design 22