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Moziydan Sado 1 (57) 2013 «МОЗИЙ - ИСТИКБОЛИМИЗНИНГ ТАРОЗИСИДИР». 1.( 5 7 ) . 2 0 1 3 Маҳмудхўжа Беҳбудий MOZIYDAN ECHO OF HISTORY ЭХО ИСТОРИИ Илмий-амалий, маънавий-маърифий журнал | Научно-практический, духовно­ просветительный журнал | Scientifically practical moral educative magazine МАРТ - НАВРЎЗ УМУМХАЛҚ БАЙ РАМ И МАРТА - ВСЕНАРОДНЫЙ ПРАЗДНИК НАВРУЗ MARCH - NATIONAL HOLIDAY NAVRUZ Эй юзунг боги насимида ҳавойи наврўз, Лаъли тожинг бўлуб ул богда бўстонафрўз. Зулфу рухсор ила комимга мен и еткурсанг, Ҳар тунунг қадр ўлубон, ҳар кунунг ўлсун наврўз. АлишерНАВОИЙ www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 2013 Обод турмуш йили Год благополучия и процветания The year of Wellbeing and Prosperity «Аҳолимизнинг тинч-омон ҳаётини таъминлаш, унинг фаровонлигини ошириш, иқтисодиётимизни изчил ривожлантириш, Ўзбекистонимизнинг халқаро майдондаги обрў-эътибори ва позициясини юксалтириш, минтақамизда тинчлик ва барқарорликни мустаҳкамлаш бўйича ўз ол- димизга қўяётган мақсадлар, миқёси ва кўламига кўра халқимизнинг эзгу орзу-умидлари билан ҳамоҳангдир». Ис.лом КАРИМОВ «Огромные по масштабам и глубине цели и задачи, которые ставим перед собой по повышению благосостояния и благополучия населения, устойчивому развитию экономики, дальнейшему росту авторитета и по­ зиций Узбекистана на международной арене, укреплению мира и ста­ бильности в регионе, в полной мере отвечают устремлениям и чаяниям наших людей». Ис лам КАРИМОВ «The goals and objectives of immense scale and depth we have set for ourselves to improve the welfare and wellbeing of the population, sustainable development, to further elevate Uzbekistan's prestige and stance in the international arena, consolidate peace and stability in the region, fully meet the aspirations and expectations of our people». Islam KARIMOV www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi “МОЗИЙ - ИСТИҚБОЛИМИЗНИНГ ТАРОЗИСИДИР”. Махмудхўжа Беҳбудий Илмий-амалий, маънавий- MOZIYDAN маърифий, рангли журнал 1999 йилдан чоп ECHO OF HISTORY этила бошлади. SADO ЭХО ИСТОРИИ Уч ойда бир марта ўзбек-инглиз-рус l-(57) 2013 тилларида чикади таъсисчилар : Ўзбекистон Республикаси Маданият ва БОШ МУҲАРРИР: спорт ишлари вазирлиги, Бадиий Академияси, Зафар ҲАКИМ ОВ Матбуот ва ахборот агентлиги ТАҲРИР ҲАИЪАТИ: УШ БУ СОНДА: Дилором АЛИМОВА Шодмон ВОҲИДОВ Унутмас мени боғим, баҳорим........................................ 2 Отабек МУСАЕВ С.Худойберганов, А.Матниёзов Шокир ПИДАЕВ Авесто ва мақомлар............................................................. 4 Анатолий САГДУЛЛАЕВ Темир ШИРИНОВ Ш.Раҳимов Акбар ҲАКИМОВ «Уд» - қадимий мусиқий соз............................................6 Саидбек ҲАСАНОВ А.Абдуғаппоров Танбур - «маком калити»...................................................8 ЖАМОАТЧИЛИК КЕНГАШИ: Мариника БОБОНАЗАРОВА Ш.Қаюмова Маҳмуд БОБОЁРОВ Музейлар ва замонавий технологиялар...................... 10 Исмоил БОТИРОВ Н.Хушвақов, А.Бердимуродов, Г.Богомолов Жаннат ИСМОИЛОВА Суғддаги ноёб остадонлар...............................................12 Равшан МАНСУРОВ Наби ХУШВАҚОВ С.Мустафоқулов Нозим ҲАБИБУЛЛАЕВ Афросиёбнинг маҳобатли суратлари ........................ 16 Инглиз тили муқаррири: Г.Пугаченкова Раъно Холматова Афғонистоннинг меъморий обидалари......................20 Дизайнер: О.Тошниёзов Алишер НАЗАРМУҲАМЕДОВ Икки меъморий обида...................................................... 36 ТАҲРИРИЯТ МАНЗИЛИ: С.Рўзимуродова 100129. Тошкент ш., Рихард Зоммер расмлари...........................;....................38 Навоий кўчаси, 30. Тел.: 244-34-65, 244-74-19. Янги китоблар.................................................................... 40 Факс:244-74-19. А.Зияев E-mail: [email protected] XIX аср Тошкент маҳаллалари......................................42 Индекс: 1047-шахсий обуначилар, Р.Ражабов 1048-ташкилотлар учун. «Арабхона» этнотопоними.............................................46 ООО «SPANTA LTD» босмахонасида чоп этилди. Журналдан кўчириб босилганда манба қайд этилиши шарт. Маколалар тақриз Буюртма № 1. килинмайди, кайтарилмайди ва ёзма жавоб берилмайди. Адади 1500. При перепечатке ссылка на журнал обязательна. Рукописи не рецензируются и ISSN 2W-0-5258 не возвращаются, письменные ответы не высылаются. «Катағон қурОондари? For reprint reference to the magazine is required. Manuscript copies are neither ш траси» музейй reviewed nor returned back, the written responses are not sent. УК- www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi Инв: Nя MOZIYDAN SADO 1 (57) 2013 УНУТМАС МЕНИ Новдаларни безаб гунчалар, Тонгда айтди, ҳаёт отини Ва шаббода ҳургур илк саҳар, Олиб кетди гулнинг тотини. Ҳамид ОЛИМЖОН Шоир севгап улка кўксида Хушбуй баҳор кезиб юради. Не бог! Ҳатто ҳоя устида ' Ўрик оппоҳ булиб гуллади. ЗУЛФИЯ Наврўз - бу Янги кун демакдир азал, Эски кундан шаксиз янги кун афзал, Шу кун куй куйлаймиз, ўҳиймиз газал, У келар янгича ризҳи-рўз билан Ассалом, ёронлар, гул наврўз билан! Ҳамид ҒУЛОМ Баҳор келди, Наврўз келди, ҳамал келди. Дов-дарахту экинларга амал келди. Диёримда Наврўз бугун, байрам бугун, Кўнгил уйин равшан этиб газал келди. Жуманиёз ЖАББОРОВ www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 1 (57) 2013 MOZIYDAN SADO БОҒИМ, БАҲОРИМ Келди наврўз айланиб, оламни соз аилар яна, Олам аҳлин ҳам яшартиб, сарфароз айлар яна. Сабзалар, себаргалар равшан килур кўзларни деб, Кдҳрамон киипш суриб, хушбсцра ёз айлар яна. ҲАБИБИЙ Яна баҳор келди, яна ҳалб ёнар, Яна гул палласи, яна ишҳ фасли. Узоҳликлар сари кўнгил талпинар, Яна ичда жўшар ҳисларнинг масти. ОЙБЕК Сочимда оҳ, мен баҳордан ўтиндим: Кўкламойим, кўкингдан бер бир чимдим. Қор ҳўйнида сени ҳўмсаб ўкиндим, Кўкламойим, кўкингдан бер бир чимдим. Муҳаммад ЮСУФ Оҳ булутлар ерга ҳўндими, мўъжизалар бўлдими содир? Оҳ, наҳадар ажойиб тунда, оҳ машъала экилган водий. Шавкат РАҲМОН 3 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi MOZIYDAN SADO 1 (57) 2013 аёлнинг бармоқлари қай ҳолатда, қайси тор симида турганлигига ҳам алоҳида эътибор қаратади. Олим ABECTO BA МАҚОМЛАР бир куни Берунийлик кекса санъаткорнинг ижросини кузатади. Куй олимни сеҳрлаб қўяди. Санъаткорнинг Самандар ХУДОЙБЕРГАНОВ ҳар бир ҳаракатини кўз узмасдан кузатиб турган Анвар МАТНИЁЗОВ олим куй авжининг энг юқори нуқтасида ҳайратдан қотиб қолади... Чунки, ўша бир сониялик лаҳзада Қадимги шарқдаги яккахудоликка асосланган кекса ҳофизнинг бармоқлари х у д ди Тупроққалъадан диний таъдимотга эга халқдарнинг маросимларида топилган ижрочи аёлнинг бармоқлари ҳолатига ижро қидинадиган адқовдари - шакдий жиҳатдан айнан ўхшаш, торли мусиқа асбобидаги босилган матн ва унинг таркибий компонентдари (замзама, пардалар ҳам айнан бир хил эди. қироат, ритм) билан, ижро жиҳатидан эса соз ва овоз Зардушт даврига келиб, "гаҳ"лар ҳар бир қабила муносабати билан боғлиқ бўлган. томонидан турли фонетик ўзгаришлар билан ижро Маълумки, Зардуштийлик таълимотининг қилина бошлаган. Зардушт "гаҳ"ларни асл ҳолида муқаддас китоби оўлмиш "Авесто"нинг алқовлар сақлаб қолиш мақсадида уларни тўплаган ва ўзи ҳам ва мадҳиялар қисми "гаҳлар" деб аталади. "Гаҳ бир қанча "гаҳ"лар яратган ва ўзидан анча олдин сўзи хоразмий тилида "жой, ўрин, вақт" каби пайдо бўлган оташпарастлик динини тарғиб қилиб, маъноларни билдиради, бу, биринчидан, гаҳларни уни янги арконлар билан бойитган. Шунингдек, ижро қилиш вақти билан, иккинчидан, гаҳларнинг ахлоқ-одоб жиҳатларини бир тўпламга жойлаб, соз ва овоз орқали ижро қилиниши хусусияти билан кодекс шаклида Авесто китобига киритган. Зардушт боғлиқ. Асл ўзаги ' даҳ", яъни гаҳнинг ўзгарган файласуф олим сифатида Авесто тилининг, қадимий варианти ҳисобланган "гаҳ" форс тилида "мадҳия" китобий тилнинг асосчиси ҳисобланади. Авесто деб ҳам аталади, у қадимги хоразмий тилидаги тили, аввало, "гаҳ"ларни хатоўқиш камчиликларини "жаҳ" компонентинингўзгарган вариантидир. "Жаҳ" бартараф қилиши лозим эди. Авесто ёзуви 48 та - "жой, жаҳон жойлар" ва ҳоказо. "Даҳо" форс ҳарф, учта белгидан таркиб топган. тилида "даҳ" компонентидан ҳосил бўлган маълум Юқоридаги фикрлар Хоразмнинг соз ва сўз илми бир жойнинг бошлиғи, эгасидир. Мадҳия доҳийни тарихи уч минг йилдан зиёд эканини тасдиқлайди. соз ва сўз воситасида улуғловчи ҳисобланади. "Гаҳ" Авесто матни, айниқса, бизни қизиқтираётган сўзи араб тилида "макон, мақом" каби маъноларни "гаҳ"лар, яъни VIII асрдан эътиборан "мақом"лар ифодалайди ва араблар бу сўзни айнан ифодаланган деб ном олган диний мазмундаги, Аллоҳни мадҳ маъносига кўра тушунганлар. "Гаҳ" юнон тилига қилувчи матнлар маълум бир соз ва сўз ўлчовларида, "гат", "гата" шаклида фонетик ўзгаришга учраган миқдорий ўлчов бирликларида ижро қилинган. Бу ҳолда ўтган. Аммо юнонларнинг ўзлари бу туркумга илмларни кейинчалик юнон олимлари ўзлаштирио, ўхшаш матнларни мазмун нуқтаи назаридан гимн" уларни ритмика, рифмика ва лад каби номлар билан (мадҳия) деб аташади. дарж этганлар. "Гаҳ"ларни Қуёштимсолида гавдалантирилганхудо Авестода ички ритмика мавжуд бўлиб, бу, аввало, Ахуромаздани улуғлаш ҳамда алқаш учун яратилган ва араб "аруз"и мезонларидан кескин фарқ қилган. ижро этилган. Авесто матнидаги ритмика Ригведа матнларидаги "Гаҳ"ларнинг Қуёш тимсолида акс этувчи худо ритмикага ўхшаш бўлган. Ахуромазда шарафига алқаш ва мадҳ қилиш VIII асрдан эътиборан "мақом" номини олган, йўсинида яратилганлиги ва ижро қилинганлиги ўша дастлаб, диний, кейинчалик тасаввуфий, ишқий давр маданиятининг нечоғли юксак бўлганлигидан ва маърифий мазмундаги фалсафий фикрларга далолат беради. йўғрилган, ички араб рифмикасига мослаштирилган Гаҳлар дастлаб коҳинлар томонидан оғзаки матнлар созанда, гўянда ва ҳофизлар томонидан тарзда ижро қилиниб келган. Зеро, зардуштийлик ижро қилинган. таълимоти пайдо бўлмасдан олдин ҳам Мақомлар ва мақом йўлидаги куйларга мазмун "гаҳ"ларнинг оғзаки матни мавжуд бўлган жиҳатидан илоҳиётни тараннум қилувчи
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