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Pinnacle Club Journal
© Pinnacle Club and Author All Rights Reserved THE PINNACLE CLUB JOURNAL No. 19 1982 - 84 © Pinnacle Club and Author All Rights Reserved THE PINNACLE CLUB JOURNAL 1982 - 84 Edited by Kate Webb © Pinnacle Club and Author All Rights Reserved THE PINNACLE CLUB Founded 1921 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEE - 1984 President SHEILA CORMACK 12 Greenfield Crescent, Balerno, Midlothian. EH 14 7HD (031 449 4663) Vice President Angela Soper Hon. Secretary Jay Turner 57 Fitzroy Road, London. NW1 8TS (01 722 9806) Hon. Treasurer Stella Adams Hon. Meets Secretary Fiona Longstaff Hon. Hut Secretary Lynda Dean Hon. Editor Kate Webb Back Garth, The Butts, Alston, Cumbria. CA9 3JU (0498 81931) Committee Avis Reynolds Wendy Aldred Dorothy Wright Suzanne Gibson Felicity Andrew Jean Drummond (Dinner Organiser) Hon. Auditor Hon. Librarian Ann Wheatcroft Margaret Clennett © Pinnacle Club and Author All Rights Reserved Contents Cwm Dyli Shirley Angell ......... 5 No Weather for Picnics Margaret Clennett ..... 8 An Teallach at Last Belinda Swift.......... 11 California Sheila Cormack ........ 13 A Winter's Tail Anne McMillan........ 16 No Other Guide Angela Soper .......... 18 Trekking in Nepal Alison Higham ........ 21 Canoeing in Southern Ireland Chris Watkins ......... 22 Fool's Paradise Alex White............ 26 Off-Day Arizona Style Gwen Moffat.......... 27 International Women's Meet Angela Soper .......... 32 Rendez-vous Haute Montagne Pamela Holt........... 34 Day Out on Pillar Shirley Angell ......... 35 In Pursuit of Pleasure Gill Fuller ............ 38 Pindus Adventure Dorothy Wright ....... 41 Shining Cleft Janet Davies .......... 43 Climbing the Snowdon Horseshoe Royanne Wilding ...... 46 Births, Marriages and Deaths ........... 48 Members' Activities ........... 49 Obituaries ........... 51 Reviews ........... 54 © Pinnacle Club and Author All Rights Reserved President 1984: Sheila Cormack Photo: LyndaDean © Pinnacle Club and Author All Rights Reserved CWM DYLI Shirley Angell On Sunday, March 27th, 1932, it poured with rain. -
ILLIMANI and the NAZIS. E. S. G. De La Motte
ILLIMANI AND THE NAZIS ILLIMANI AND THE NAZIS BY E. S. G. DE LA MOTTE E traveller to Bolivia from Buenos Aires spends three and a half weary days in the train with no interesting scenery to relieve the monotony of his existence. He leaves the dead flat Argentine pampas, where the horizon is like the horizon at sea, and passes almost imperceptibly to the equally flat, but much more barren, high tableland of Bolivia situated at 12,ooo ft. above sea-level. There is a difference, however. This tableland runs as a relatively narrow belt for hundreds of miles between the two main Andine ranges, and therefore has the advantage over the dreary expanses of Argentina that mountains of some sort are visible from most parts of it. Nevertheless, it is with relief that towards the end of the journey the immense ice-draped mass of Illimani is seen close at hand. The height of Illimani is still uncertain, as no triangulation has yet been made of it. All those who have climbed it, however, have. taken aneroid readings and these give results varying between 20,700 ft. ·and 22,400 ft. The probability is that the lower limit is nearer the truth, so 21 ,ooo ft. may reasonably be taken as a fair approximation. In any case, whatever the exact height may be, the mountain is a singularly striking one on account of its isolation, its massive form, and its position of domination over La Paz, which is the seat of the Bolivian Government, and from many of whose houses and streets the three heavily iced summits can be seen. -
De L1 a L2: ¿Primero El Castellano Y Después El Aimara? ENSEÑANZA DEL AIMARA COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA EN OPOQUERI (CARANGAS, ORURO)
UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN SIMÓN FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE POST GRADO PROGRAMA DE EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL BILINGÜE PARA LOS PAÍSES ANDINOS PROEIB Andes De L1 a L2: ¿Primero el castellano y después el aimara? ENSEÑANZA DEL AIMARA COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA EN OPOQUERI (CARANGAS, ORURO) Román Mamani Rodríguez Tesis presentada a la Universidad Mayor de San Simón, en cumplimiento parcial de los requisitos para la obtención del título de Magíster en Educación Intercultural Bilingüe con la mención Planificación y Gestión Asesor de tesis: Dr. Gustavo Gottret Requena Cochabamba, Bolivia 2007 La presente tesis “De L1 a L2: ¿Primero el castellano y después el aimara? ENSEÑANZA DEL AIMARA COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA EN OPOQUERI (CARANGAS, ORURO) fue aprobada el ............................................ Asesor Tribunal Tribunal Tribunal Jefe del Departamento de Post-Grado Decano Dedicatoria A las abuelas y abuelos comunarios del ayllu. A los vivientes de nuestro ancestral idioma aimara. A las madres y padres de familia pobladores de Opoqueri. A los dueños usuarios de nuestra milenaria lengua originaria. A las tías y tíos difusores del aimara en diferentes comunidades. A las hermanas y hermanos portadores del aimara en diversas ciudades. A las sobrinas y sobrinos receptores de la herencia cultural y lingüística aimara. A las compañeras y compañeros residentes de Opoqueri en Buenos Aires (Argentina). A las profesoras y profesores facilitadores de nuestro idioma aimara en el Awya Yala. Román Mamani Rodríguez, 2007. Jiwasanakataki Ayllu kumunankiri awicha awichunakaru. Pachpa aymara arusana wiñaya jakiri ajayuparu. Jupuqiri markachirinakana mama tata wilamasinakataki. Pachpa arusana wiñaya qamañasana apnaqawi katxarutapa. Taqituqi kumunanakana aymara qhananchiri tiyanaka tiyunakasataki. -
The Ultimate Rocky Road Trip
3/23/2021 The ultimate Rocky road trip The ultimate Rocky road trip Photos: Alamy, Parks Canada/Ryan Bray You could drive the Icefields Parkway in three hours. But you won’t. Whether you’re a walker, photographer or expert picnicker, this is the longest three-hour trip in the world. By Leslie Woit, Saturday 27 February, 2016 “There are two ways to see the Icefields Parkway (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/northamerica/canada/7366 34/A-seriously-good-spin.html). The hard way,” explained Banff mountain guide Chic Scott. “And the easy way.” In 1967, Chic was among a small team who completed the first high-level ski traverse from Jasper to Lake Louise. It took 21 days to negotiate that particular uncharted strip of Alberta’s Rocky Mountains (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/north- america/galleries/Rocky-Mountains-highlights-17-incredible-photographs- of-the-Rockies/), 300km over what he described as “a logical line along the s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/projects/canada-travel-icefield-parkway/index.html 1/14 3/23/2021 The ultimate Rocky road trip Continental Divide”. They climbed peaks, hopscotched crevasse-riddled glaciers, crossed massive avalanche paths, all while passing through some of the most resplendent, rugged mountain scenery on Earth. The Canadian Rockies, Banff National Park. Banff Lake Louise Tourism/Paul Zizka And then there’s the easy way Parallel to Chic’s backcountry route, the Icefields Parkway cuts a swath through western Alberta from Jasper to Lake Louise, a civilised 230km highway paved smooth as a baby’s bottom. -
1 Living with Glaciers, Adapting to Change the Experience of The
Living with glaciers, adapting to change the experience of the Illimani project in Bolivia J. C. Alurralde, E. Ramirez, M. García, P. Pacheco, D. Salazar, R.S. Mamani Proyecto Illimani, UMSA – AGUA SUSTENTABLE, Bolivia Abstract Glaciers retreat’s rate and its impact on rural livelihoods in the tropical Andes were studied and modeled. Tropical glaciers are more affected by climate change than their temperate counterparts due to larger sun exposure and the coincidence of the rainy season with the summer which reduces snow accumulation. Global warming is occurring faster at high altitudes, causing glaciers’ shrinking and affecting downstream communities’ livelihoods where glaciers, important natural water regulators, are the only domestic and productive water source during dry seasons. Changing crop patterns and upward expanding of productive areas are also effects of the climate change. The project studies the Illimani dependent area in a physical and socio-productive context to evaluate its vulnerability to climate change and climate variability, and the already taken autonomous adaptation strategies. Multidisciplinary results are integrated in watershed management models to develop technically and socially validated descriptions of the dynamics between the glacier and the basin, for actual and future scenarios, resulting in proposals for adaptation actions. The findings reveal that climate is not the only triggering factor for autonomous adaptation and the strong heterogeneity of adaptation requirements in mountainous areas even within -
Safe Mountain Hiking Be in Good Health Plan and Prepare Carefully Mountain Walking Is an Endurance Sport
pull here ¨ 1 2 safe mountain hiking be in good health plan and prepare carefully Mountain walking is an endurance sport. It makes your heart and circulation Fit for mountain – endurance and strength Hiking maps, guide books, the internet and experts provide information on di- Rule of thumb for calculating walking time (for a medium-sized As an outdoor sport, hiking is a great way to get fit, work, so good health and an honest assessment of your capabilities are required. stances, altitude difference, difficulty and current conditions. Always tailor tours group of 4 to 6 people): Avoid having to rush and adopt a pace that keeps all members of your group from There are many ways to train for endurance: to the group! Pay particular attention to the weather forecast because rain, wind Allow 1 hour for every 300 m (ca 1000 ft) climbed. Allow 1 hour for meet people and have fun. The aim of the following getting out of breath. Walking, hiking, nordic walking, running, cycling, mountain biking, cardio training in and cold increase the risk of accidents. every 500 m (ca 1600 ft) descended. Allow 1 hours for every 4 km recommendations from the Alpine Associations is the gym, cross-country skiing, ski tours ... (ca 2,5 miles) walked. Facts Mountain hiking is not a walk in the park. Careful preparation is essential for safe to make hiking as safe and enjoyable as possible. Sudden cardiac death (heart attack) is the second most frequent cause of death (40 The training effect depends on regularity and the correct intensity: mountain hiking and protects you from unpleasant surprises. -
Via Ferratas Hiking Food & Drinks Mountainbike Tours
HIKING FOOD & DRINKS Beautiful hiking trails and panoramas Discover local specialities ... 1. TRIASSIC TRAIL (ca. 2 hours) Steinplatte is not only known for its stunning views and long list If you are looking for an adventure, this is the trail for you. of outdoor-activities. It also offers a large selection of traditional Scattered throughout the mountainous landscape are life-size restaurants and mountains huts that will leave your taste buds dinosaurs waiting to be discovered. The hike starts at the Triassic screaming with joy. The hospitality among the restaurants is park and takes you up to the panoramic viewing platform. From something very special! here you can enjoy the beautiful view which includes Steinplatte, the mountain range “Loferer Steinberge”, the Hohe Tauern, the Kitzbühel and the Zillertaler Alps and even the impressive Wilder STALLENALM Kaiser. The trail continues on past the Plattenkogel reservoir Tyrolean home cooking at its best. The Stallenalm is a rustic and takes you along an informative route all the way up to the mountain hut, which offers a large sundeck and is easily accessible Steinplatte summit. from the Steinplatte parking lot. The hut is open from end of May The way back takes you down below the „Plattenkogel“ to the Red through to October (depending on the weather) and is a lovely Wall and back to where you started. place to stop off on your visit. It is also a popular venue for weddings and other events throughout the summer. 2. STALLENALM – GRÜNWALDALM (ca. 2 hours) Telephone: +43(0)5353/5825 Owners: Zardini Family This trail begins at the top of the Steinplatte gondola. -
Program the Huayna Potosi, 2 Days
Climbing Huayna Potosi (6088M) 2 days Bolivia´s Most Popular climb Huayna Potosi (6088m) is northeast of La Paz in the Cordillera Real and is known as one of the easiest 6000m plus mountains to climb in the world. Deservedly one of Bolivia’s most popular climbs and after just one hour of driving and 3 hours of walking you will be at the high camp. Huayna Potosi can be climbed by complete beginners, and provides amazing views of the Cordillera Real, Lake Titicaca (3810m) and the Altiplano (4000m). If hoping to climb higher mountains in the area, Huayna Potosi is a good starter! Program details Type of activity: Technical climbing with ropes, trekking up to high camp (5200m) Difficulty: some fitness / good fitness Experience required: no experience / some experience Grade of climb: Normal route II/AD - 50° Number of days: 2 days, 1 night Tour starts in La Paz Tour ends in La Paz Best time of year: May to September Season: Dry season: days are mild and nights are cold Highlights: learning basic ice climbing and mountaineering techniques, climbing Huayna Potosi, views of the Cordillera Real Program Day 1: La Paz (3600m) - Paso Zongo (4700m) - High camp (5200m) We drive from La Paz to Paso Zongo (4700m). From Paso Zongo we start to trek up to high camp. High camp is on a rock buttress at an altitude of 5200m and at the base of the glacier. The walk up in on a well used path on rock. Once at high camp we need to get our gear ready for the next day, as we have an early start in the morning. -
Spatial–Temporal Changes in Andean Plateau Climate and Elevation from Stable Isotopes of Mammal Teeth
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 289 (2010) 530–538 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Spatial–temporal changes in Andean plateau climate and elevation from stable isotopes of mammal teeth John Bershaw a,⁎, Carmala N. Garzione a, Pennilyn Higgins a, Bruce J. MacFadden b,c, Frederico Anaya d, Herculano Alvarenga e a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA b Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA c Division of Research on Learning (DRL, EHR), National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington VA 22230, USA d Universidad Autonoma “Tomas Frias”, Facultad de Ingenieria Geologica, Casilla No 5 Potosi, Bolivia e Museu de História Natural de Taubaté, Rua Juvenal Dias de Carvalho, III, Taubaté-SP, CEP 12070-640, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Paleoelevation constraints from fossil leaf physiognomy and stable isotopes of sedimentary carbonate suggest Received 7 July 2009 that significant surface uplift of the northern Andean plateau, on the order of 2.5±1 km, occurred between ∼10.3 Received in revised form 18 November 2009 and 6.4 Ma. Independent spatial and temporal constraints on paleoelevation and paleoclimate of both the Accepted 20 November 2009 northern and southern plateau are important for understanding the distribution of rapid surface uplift and its Available online 22 December 2009 relation to climate evolution across the plateau. This study focuses on teeth from modern and extinct mammal ∼ Editor: T.M. Harrison taxa (including notoungulates, pyrotheres, and litopterns) spanning 29 Ma to present, collected from the Altiplano and Eastern Cordillera of Bolivia (16.2°S to 21.4°S), and lowland Brazil. -
Via Ferrata Piz Trovat I & II
CLIMBING EQUIPMENT SAFETY ON THE VIA FERRATA COMPULSORY Climbing on a via ferrata involves some risk. If you have not prepared English – Helmet properly, have inadequate equipment or behave incorrectly, there – Energy absorbing lanyard (EN 958:2017) is a risk of falling. You are therefore advised only to climb on the via – Climbing harness ferrata if you have the necessary knowledge and physical fitness. – Gloves You need to be sure-footed and have a good head for heights. RECOMMENDED PLEASE ALSO OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING POINTS – Hiking or via ferrata boots – Only set out in settled weather conditions. – Warm clothing (even in good weather) – If there is a risk of thunderstorms, keep away from ironwork and – Snacks quickly look for safe shelter at a sufficient distance away from the – Drinks (water/tea) via ferrata. – Mobile phone – Do not cause any rock falls and be considerate towards other – Rucksack climbers. – First aid kit – Check your partner at the start (helmet, climbing harness and energy absorbing lanyard). – Maintain sufficient distances (only one person between two fixed HIRING EQUIPMENT GUIDED TOURS points). – Do not leave the via ferrata and always use the safety rope. Diavolezza valley station Bergsteigerschule Pontresina – Protect fauna and flora. Take your rubbish away with you. Go Vertical GmbH T +41 81 842 82 82 – Children (below 40 kg): The via ferrata set and harness (or combi- T +41 81 834 57 58 www.bergsteiger-pontresina.ch harness) must be appropriate for the weight of the child. www.govertical.ch [email protected] – Do not start out on the via ferrata if it is closed off. -
4.4 Charana Achiri Santiago De Llallagua Is. Taquiri General Gonzales 3.0 3.1 2.9
N ULLA ULLA TAYPI CUNUMA CAMSAYA CALAYA KAPNA OPINUAYA CURVA LAGUNILLA GRAL. J.J. PEREZ CHULLINA STA. ROSA DE CAATA CHARI GRAL. RAMON CARIJANA GONZALES 2.0 CAMATA AMARETEGENERAL GONZALES MAPIRI VILLA ROSARIO DE WILACALA PUSILLANI CONSATA MARIAPU INICUA BAJO MOCOMOCO AUCAPATA SARAMPIUNI TUILUNI AYATA HUMANATA PAJONAL CHUMA VILAQUE ITALAQUE SUAPI DE ALTO BENI SAN JUAN DE CANCANI LIQUISANI COLLABAMBA GUANAY COTAPAMPA TEOPONTE PUERTO ACOSTA CHINAÑA 6 SANTA ROSA DE AGOSTO ANANEA CARGUARANI PAUCARES CHAJLAYA BELEN SANTA ANA DEL TAJANI PTO. ESCOMA 130 PANIAGUA ALTO BENI PARAJACHI ANBANA TACACOMA YANI QUIABAYA TIPUANI COLLASUYO PALOS BLANCOS V. PUNI SANTA ROSA DE CHALLANA SAN MIGUEL CALLAPATA CALAMA EDUARDO AVAROA DE YARICOA TIMUSI OBISPO BOSQUE SOCOCONI VILLA ELEVACION PTO. CARABUCO CARRASCO LA RESERVA CHUCHULAYA ANKOMA SAPUCUNI ALTO ILLIMANI ROSARIO 112 SORATA CARRASCO ENTRE RIOS PTO. COMBAYA 115 CHAGUAYA ILABAYA ALCOCHE SAN PABLO SOREJAYA SANTA FE CHIÑAJA CARANAVI VILLA MACA MACA CHEJE MILLIPAYA ANCORAIMES SANTA ANA DE CARANAVI PAMPA UYUNENSE CAJIATA FRANZ TAMAYO PTO.RICO SOTALAYA TAYPIPLAYA WARISATA CHOJÑA COTAPATA SAN JUAN DE CHALLANA INCAHUARA DE CKULLO CUCHU ACHACACHI SAN JOSE V. SAN JUAN DE EL CHORO SANTIAGO AJLLATA V. ASUNCION DE CHACHACOMANI ZAMPAYA CORPAPUTO KALAQUE DE HUATA GRANDE CHARIA JANCKO AMAYA CHUA HUARINA MURURATA LA ASUNTA COPACABANA COCANI KERANI TITO YUPANKI CHUA SONCACHI CALATA VILASAYA HUATAJATA LOKHA DE S. M. SAN PABLO PEÑAS VILLA ASUNCION HUAYABAL DE T. COPANCARA TURGQUIA ZONGO KARHUISA COROICO CALISAYA CHAMACA V. AMACIRI2.9 PACOLLO SANTIAGO DE IS. TAQUIRI YANAMAYU SURIQUI HUANCANE OJJE PTO. ARAPATA COLOPAMPA GRANDE PEREZ VILLA BARRIENTOS LA CALZADA CASCACHI HUAYNA POTOSI LAS BATALLAS MERCEDES CORIPATA V. -
The Cordillera Real
44 THE CORDILLERA REAL THE CORDILLERA REAL , BY EVELIO ECHEVARRIA C. HE lovely ranges of Southern Peru slope gradually down to the shores of Lake Titicaca, but this is not their end; to the east of Carabaya knot springs another ridge, which enters Bolivia and reaches its maximum elevation and magnificence in the Cordillera Real of the latter country. The name Cordillera Real was given by the Spaniards as homage to a range of royal dignity; it is located in the north-west of Bolivia, between I5° 40" and 16° 40" S., running roughly north-west to south east for an approximate length of 100 miles. This range was termed by Austrian mountaineers ' der Himalaya der N euen Welt'. Although this honour may now be disputed by several Peruvian cordilleras, it contains nevertheless mountain scenery of Himalayan grandeur; six twenty-thousanders and scores of lesser peaks are found in the region between Illampu (20,873 ft.) and Illimani (21 ,201 ft.), the mighty pillars of each extreme. The Cordillera Real is a snow and ice range; it forms a lovely back ground for that remarkable high plateau, the Bolivian Altiplano, and is in full sight nine months a year. The white peaks, the steppe-like plain and the empty, blue skies have given to this part of Bolivia a Tibetan air that many travellers have noticed; and the Mongolian features of the Aymara Indians, stolidly facing the chill winds, reinforce this opinion. General description In the north and in the south the Cordillera Real rises over deep mountain basins ; peaks like Illimani soar well above the wooded hills of Coroico and Inquisive, towns only 4,700 ft.