The Construction of Freemasonry Mythology As Parody in Dan
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE CONSTRUCTION OF FREEMASONRY MYTHOLOGY AS PARODY IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofMagister Humaniora(M.Hum.)in English Language Studies By Miranda Ade Rastanti Siregar Student Number: 136332007 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2015 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I’d like to thank my beloved husband, Radyo Wijoyo Danubroto. Without your love and support, I won’t be able to finish this study. You are such an awesome partner and thank you for understanding me so well. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my thesis advisor, Patrisius Mutiara Andalas S.J., S.S., S.T.D.. For me, you are a mentor and also a friend, thank you for believing me and always support me with your advices. I would like to thank Paulus Sarwoto S.S., M.A, Ph.D. who gave me clarity in literature theories and also Dra. Novita Dewi, M.S., M.A. (Hons), Ph. D., and Dr. F.X. Siswadi M.A., thank you for your advices and feedbacks, I really appreciate it. My love and appreciation to mom, dad, my brother, my mother in law, and also my father in law. Thank you for understanding me and always reminding me that family always comes first. Lastly, Thank you to all my fellows in literature: Dhenok , Nindy, Bu Sitta, Dina, Gaby, and Reza. Thank you guys for accompanying me during my pregnancy months!! Dhenok…you will always be my Lily…wait for it… Aldrin slash my woo girl…love you… I dedicate this thesis to my son, Avatara Ramandha Danubroto. Ava, I just want you to know that we were in this together for 9 months, and I also want to show you that you can learn more about the beauty of life from literature, no matter what major or degree you will choose, or in whatever circumstances you will be in the future, never stop learning and always enrich yourslef with knowledge, my son. May God bless you all….. vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………...........i APPROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………… ……...ii DEFENSE APPROVAL PAGE……………………………………………………iii STATEMENT OF WORK ORIGINALITY …………………...............................iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS………………………………………..…v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………vi TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….vii LIST OF TABLE…………………………………………………………………....x LIST OF ILLUSTRATION………………………………………………………..xi ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………..xii ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………………....xiii Chapter I : Introduction …………………………………………………. 1 Chapter II : Review Related Studies and Theoretical Frameworks….... 10 A. Review Related Studies……………………........................ 10 B. Theoretical Frameworks 13 Historiographic Metafiction 14 vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Chapter III : Dan Brown’s Construction of Freemasonry Mythologies 30 And American History as Parody……………………. A. Freemasonry…………………................................................. 30 B. Freemasonry Mythologies………........................................... 32 C. Freemasonry,Washington D.C,and American Founding Fathers 36 D.The Construction of Parody in The Lost Symbol..................... 40 1) Hand of Mysteries............................................................... 43 2) Akedah Knife............................................................... 44 3) Masonic Pyramid................................................................. 45 4) The Cornerstone................................................................... 47 5) The Winding Staircase......................................................... 48 6) The Lost Word..................................................................... 49 7) The Villain (Mal’akh).......................................................... 51 E. HistoriographicMetafiction Parody.......................................... 57 Chapter IV: The Meaning behind the Parody……....................................... 60 A. Reading The Lost Symbol as Historiographic Metafiction 61 Parody.................................................................................... B. The Metafictional Deconstruction in The Lost Symbol.......... 64 C. The Aesthetic of Parody in The Lost Symbol........................... 71 D. The Meaning Behind The Parody............................................ 75 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 1) As Parody without Ridicule.............................................. 75 2) AsArtistic Recycling........................................................ 77 3) As Literary Game.............................................................. 85 Chapter V : Conclusion……………………………………………………… 88 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………. 98 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF TABLES Table 1 : Table of Gerard Genette’s mood and relation…………………………. 23 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF ILLUSTRATION Illustration 1 :Hand of Mysteries…….. ……………………………………......................79 Illustration 2 : Akedah Knife……………………………………………………………...80 Illustration 3: Masonic Pyramid…………………………………………………………..81 Illustration 4: Washington Monument…………………………………………………….82 Illustration 5: Mal’akh the Vilain………………………………………………………….83 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACTS Siregar, Miranda Ade Rastanti, 2015, The Construction of Freemasonry Mythology as Parody inDan Brown’s The Lost Symbol.Yogyakarta: English Language Studies of Graduate Level, Sanata Dharma University. In Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol, the sense of plausible construction of Freemasonry Mythology tends to beparodic. Therefore, the main goals of this thesis are to find out: a)How is the Freemasonry mythology constructed as parody ? b)What is the meaning behind the parody? The aim of this research is to define the construction of the Freemasonry mythology as parody in The Lost Symbol. As the form of historiograpfic meta-fiction novel, the construction is analyzed by Gerard Genette’s hypertextuality. Hypertextuality is separating the hypotext (original text) from hypertext (new text). Hypertext is the modification of hypotext which involves the transformation and imitation process. I categorize the parody construction into three groups, namely: The construction of non-Freemasonry mythology into Freemasonry mythology, the construction of Freemasonry mythology into the Monument of Washington, and the construction of Freemasonry mythology into the villain. Based on the result, the constructions are the combination of Freemasonry mythology and the architectural of Washington D.C and the history of American founding fathers; therefore, the parody belongs to Linda Hutcheon’s term of historiographic metafiction parody. The next aim is to find the meaning behind the construction of parody in The Lost Symbol. In this case, the role of the reader of the historiographicmetafiction novel is required. The readersare invited to deconstruct the content of the novel, with the metafictional deconstruction by “distancing” which encompasses the act of the readers toward the novel. Eventually, from the analysis of the readers and the aesthetic of parody, the meaning behind the parody in The Lost Symbolis decoded, namely: the meaning as parody without ridicule due to the concept of the Freemasonry mythology construction which is parodic, playful, yet critical; as an artistic recycling due to the art and architectural elements of Freemasonry myhtology; and as literary game due to the spirit of play and the freedom of the Lost Symbol readers to understand the construction of Freemasoonry mythology within the novel. For the academic purpose, this thesis is useful for either literature or the non-literature studentsto analyze the metafiction novel genre by using the hypertextuality approach because metafiction novelshave the unlimited intertextual content. This study is also inspired by the masssive publication of metafiction genre nowadays. Keywords: Historiograpfic Metafiction, Parody, Freemasonry Mythology, Hypertextuality, Construction, Reader xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Siregar, Miranda Ade Rastanti, 2015The Construction of Freemasonry Mythologies and American History as Parody in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol. Yogyakarta: Program PascaSarjanaKajianBahasaInggris, UniversitasSanata Dharma. Pada novel Dan Brown berjudul The Lost Symbol, konstruksimitologi Freemason mengarah pada nuansa parodi. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui: :a)Bagaimana mitologi Freemason dikonstruksi sebagai parodi?, b) Apakah makna dibalik parodi tersebut? Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk medefinisikan kontruksi mitologi padaThe Lost Symbol sebagai parodi.Konstruksi akan diteliti dengan metode hypertextuality dari Gerard Gennete. Hypertextuality adalah memisahkan hypotext (text asli) dari hypertext (text baru). Hypertext adalah modifikasi dari hypotext yang telah mengalami proses transformasi dan imitasi. Saya mengkategorikan konstruksi parodi menjadi tiga kelompok:konstruksi mitologi non- Freemason menjadi mitologi Freemason, konstruksi mitologi Freemason pada Monument of Washington, sertakonstruksimitologi Freemason pada tokoh antagonis. Dari hasil penelitian, konstruksi tersebut merupakan kombinasi antara mitologi Freemason dengan arsitektural Washington D.C dan