Mogadishu Rising?
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Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
ﺟﻣﮭورﯾﺔ اﻟﺻوﻣﺎل Press Release
جمهىريت الصىمال Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya وزارة اﻹعﻻم والبريد واﻹتصاﻻث مكتب تنسيق اﻹتصاﻻث ,Wasaaradda Warfaafinta Boostaha & Isgaarsiinta Xafiiska xiriirka Warfaafinta Republic of Somalia The Ministry of Information, Posts & Telecommunications Communications Office Press Release Our Ref 14/PR/CO/12 NUSOJ former secretary general’s claims are totally fabricated (Mogadishu, January 24, 2012), Today we have read the report titled “Lives and Rights of Journalists Under Threat”, and would like to shed some light into the misinformation contained in it and a little background information conveniently left out by the author, Omar Faruk. We also ask that this important and relevant information be circulated with Mr. Faruk’s report and placed in his Website along with his report. While we agree that 2011 was a difficult year for Journalist in Somalia, the report makes claims and accusations that are not factual with regard to the roles of the TFG, The Ministry of Information, Posts & Telecommunications, Radio Mogadishu and the Somali National Television. Some facts first: 1. Since February 2011, NUSOJ removed its Secretary General Omar Faruk from his post for mismanagement and the misappropriation of funds. NUSOJ then appointed an interim leadership. 2. In May 2011 NUSOJ held a well-attended conference in Mogadishu and elected new leadership in free and fair elections, according to their own rules and regulations. See link below for more information and documentation. Upon the completion of the NUSOJ General Assembly Conference, the new leadership received letters of support from both the Ministries of Information & Labor (see below): http://nusoj.org.so/reports/Docs/General%20Assembly%20report.pdf. -
Freedom of the Press
Somalia Page 1 of 5 Published on Freedom House (https://freedomhouse.org) Home > Somalia Somalia Country: Somalia Year: 2016 Press Freedom Status: NF PFS Score: 79 Legal Environment: 25 Political Environment: 34 Economic Environment: 20 Overview Somalia is one of the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists, though conditions vary between semiautonomous Puntland and the rest of the country, as well as among different areas within the south-central region itself. Violence restricts journalistic access to large areas of the country, and retaliatory attacks against reporters are common. The government actively engages in censorship and prosecution of critical voices, while those who commit crimes against journalists enjoy impunity. Key Developments • Officials harassed the independent Shabelle Media Network on several occasions in 2015, including by fining the company’s owner $10,000 for public incitement and raiding the offices of two of its radio stations. • A controversial new media law passed in December requires reporters to have a university degree in journalism and pass a state test, includes heavy fines for libel, and empowers authorities to block websites as punishment for media offenses despite a provision explicitly prohibiting censorship. https://freedomhouse.org/print/48427 10/4/2016 Somalia Page 2 of 5 • Daud Ali Omar, a producer for the progovernment Radio Baidoa, and Hindia Haji Mohamed, a reporter for the state-run outlets Radio Mogadishu and Somali National TV, were killed in retaliation for their work in April and December, respectively. Legal Environment: 25 / 30 Somalia’s 2012 provisional federal constitution provides for freedoms of speech and the press, but pervasive violence restricts reporting in practice. -
Country of Origin Information Report Somalia July 2008
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT SOMALIA 30 JULY 2008 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE 30 JULY 2008 SOMALIA Contents Preface LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN SOMALIA, FROM 4 JULY 2008 TO 30 JULY 2008 REPORTS ON SOMALIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 4 JULY 2008 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.04 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 Currency change, 2008 ................................................................ 2.06 Drought and famine, 2008 ........................................................... 2.10 Telecommunications.................................................................... 2.14 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Collapse of central government and civil war ........................... 3.01 Peace initiatives 2000-2006 ......................................................... 3.14 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 3.19 ‘Puntland’ Regional Administration............................................ 3.20 The ‘Republic of Somaliland’ ...................................................... 3.21 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION ......................................................................................... -
Interview with the Late Abdullahi Qarshe (1994) at the Residence of Obliqe Carton in Djibouti
Interview with the late Abdullahi Qarshe (1994) at the Residence of Obliqe Carton in Djibouti Mohamed-Rashid Sheikh Hassan mrsh: Let us start with the basics. When and where were you born? aq: I was born in Moshe, Tanzania, in 1924. mrsh: People know you as Abdullahi Qarshe, but what is your real name? aq: Oh, yes, that is true. My real name is Mahmud Muhammad, and Qarshe was the nickname of my father. He was a businessman and trader in the livestock business in East Africa. He was regarded as a frugal man and was fortunate in business. We were five brothers and one sister. We lived in a big house on the outskirts of Moshe. mrsh: Tell us more about the background of your family and the rea- son your father moved to Tanzania. aq: My father emigrated from Sanaag region in what was at that time called British Somaliland. In those days, emigration (tacabbir) was pop- ular. Men used to travel for work and a better life, but it was not an easy task. Those who emigrated to East Africa, my father included, went through southern Somalia first of all, then proceeded to Tanza- nia. They had to travel by road or foot through harsh and unfriendly territories. Some of the migrants died along the way, and my father was one of the fortunate who survived. In the Sanaag region, my father’s family lived in the Maydh district. They were involved in the fish industry and the exportation of live- stock and animal hides, as well as timber, to the Gulf countries. -
2/2014 Update on Security and Protection Issues in Mogadishu And
2/2014 ENG Update on security and protection issues in Mogadishu and South-Central Somalia Including information on the judiciary, issuance of documents, money transfers, marriage procedures and medical treatment Joint report from the Danish Immigration Service’s and the Norwegian Landinfo’s fact finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia 1 to 15 November 2013 Copenhagen, March 2014 LANDINFO Danish Immigration Service Storgata 33a, PB 8108 Dep. Ryesgade 53 0032 Oslo 2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: +47 23 30 94 70 Phone: 00 45 35 36 66 00 Web: www.landinfo.no Web: www.newtodenmark.dk E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Overview of Danish fact finding reports published in 2012, 2013 and 2014 Update (2) On Entry Procedures At Kurdistan Regional Government Checkpoints (Krg); Residence Procedures In Kurdistan Region Of Iraq (Kri) And Arrival Procedures At Erbil And Suleimaniyah Airports (For Iraqis Travelling From Non-Kri Areas Of Iraq), Joint Report of the Danish Immigration Service/UK Border Agency Fact Finding Mission to Erbil and Dahuk, Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), conducted 11 to 22 November 2011 2012: 1 Security and human rights issues in South-Central Somalia, including Mogadishu, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia, 30 January to 19 February 2012 2012: 2 Afghanistan, Country of Origin Information for Use in the Asylum Determination Process, Rapport from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Kabul, Afghanistan, 25 February to 4 March -
Somalia 2019 Crime & Safety Report
Somalia 2019 Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Mission to Somalia. The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Somalia at Level 4, indicating travelers should not travel to the country due to crime, terrorism, and piracy. Overall Crime and Safety Situation The U.S. Mission to Somalia does not assume responsibility for the professional ability or integrity of the persons or firms appearing in this report. The American Citizen Services unit (ACS) cannot recommend a particular individual or location, and assumes no responsibility for the quality of service provided. Review OSAC’s Somalia-specific page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. The U.S. government recommends U.S. citizens avoid travel to Somalia. Terrorist and criminal elements continue to target foreigners and locals in Somalia. Crime Threats There is serious risk from crime in Mogadishu. Violent crime, including assassinations, murder, kidnapping, and armed robbery, is common throughout Somalia, including in Mogadishu. Other Areas of Concern A strong familiarity with Somalia and/or extensive prior travel to the region does not reduce travel risk. Those considering travel to Somalia, including Somaliland and Puntland, should obtain kidnap and recovery insurance, as well as medical evacuation insurance, prior to travel. Inter- clan, inter-factional, and criminal feuding can flare up with little/no warning. After several years of quiet, pirates attacked several ships in 2017 and 2018. -
Somalia's Politics: the Usual Business?
CONFLICT RESEARCH PROGRAMME Research at LSE Conflict Research Programme Somalia’s Politics: The Usual Business? A Synthesis Paper of the Conflict Research Programme Nisar Majid, Aditya Sarkar, Claire Elder, Khalif Abdirahman, Sarah Detzner, Jared Miller and Alex de Waal About the Conflict Research Programme The Conflict Research Programme is a four-year research programme hosted by LSE IDEAS and funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Our goal is to understand and analyse the nature of contemporary conflict and to identify international interventions that ‘work’ in the sense of reducing violence, or contributing more broadly to the security of individuals and communities who experience conflict. © Nisar Majid, Aditya Sarkar, Claire Elder, Khalif Abdirahman, Sarah Detzner, Jared Miller and Alex de Waal 2021. This work is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 3 Somalia’s Politics: The Usual Business? Contents 1. Overview 4 2. Introduction 5 3. Emergence and Evolution of the Political Marketplace 8 4. Finance, Flows of Resources and Political Budgets 21 External patronage 23 Logistics and humanitarian contracts/resources 24 Revenue generation – taxation at seaports, airports, checkpoints 26 Business 26 Covid and the marketplace 28 5. Control of Violence 29 The FGS 29 The FMS 31 Al-Shabaab 32 External actors 33 6. (Informal) Norms and Constraints 34 The ‘clan’ system 34 Business, clan and Islam 35 Clan as a regulating structure in peace making 35 Peacemaking and state-building at the Puntland-Galmudug border 36 Justice and security in Kismayo 38 Transnational citizenship and resistance 39 7. -
The Role of Education in Livelihoods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia
J U N E 2 0 1 1 Strengthening the humanity and dignity of people in crisis through knowledge and practice A report for the BRIDGES Project The Role of Education in Livelihoods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia Elanor Jackson ©2011 Feinstein International Center. All Rights Reserved. Fair use of this copyrighted material includes its use for non-commercial educational purposes, such as teaching, scholarship, research, criticism, commentary, and news reporting. Unless otherwise noted, those who wish to reproduce text and image files from this publication for such uses may do so without the Feinstein International Center’s express permission. However, all commercial use of this material and/or reproduction that alters its meaning or intent, without the express permission of the Feinstein International Center, is prohibited. Feinstein International Center Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4800 Medford, MA 02155 USA tel: +1 617.627.3423 fax: +1 617.627.3428 fic.tufts.edu 2 Feinstein International Center Acknowledgements This study was funded by the Department for International Development as part of the BRIDGES pilot project, implemented by Save the Children UK, Mercy Corps, and Islamic Relief in the Somali Region. The author especially appreciates the support and ideas of Alison Napier of Tufts University in Addis Ababa. Thanks also to Mercy Corps BRIDGES project staff in Jijiga and Gode, Islamic Relief staff and driver in Hargelle, Save the Children UK staff in Dire Dawa, and the Tufts driver. In particular, thanks to Hussein from Mercy Corps in Jijiga for organizing so many of the interviews. Thanks also to Andy Catley from Tufts University and to Save the Children UK, Islamic Relief, Mercy Corps, and Tufts University staff in Addis Ababa for their ideas and logistical assistance. -
Somalia Apr2001
SOMALIA ASSESSMENT April 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY 2.1 - 2.3 III HISTORY 3.1 - 3.78 Independence 1960 3.1 - 3.6 Rule of Siad Barre 3.7 - 3.8 Ogaden War & Opposition to Barre 3.9 - 3.15 Collapse of Central Government 1991 3.16 - 3.23 United Nations Intervention 3.24 - 3.33 Events Following UN Withdrawal 3.34 - 3.35 Moves Towards Peace 3.36 - 3.37 Cairo Declaration 1997 3.38 - 3.41 Republic of Somaliland 1991 to Date 3.42 - 3.49 Puntland State of Somalia 1998 to Date 3.50 - 3.55 Reconciliation Moves in Mogadishu 3.56 - 3.58 Conflict in Gedo 3.59 - 3.61 Conflict in Kismayo 1998-2000 3.62 - 3.64 RRA Advances & Ethiopian Incursions 3.65 - 3.69 Arta Peace Process & Transitional National Assembly 3.70 - 3.78 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE 4.1 - 4.37 Political System: 4.1 - 4.33 - Puntland (North-eastern Somalia) 4.3 - 4.8 - Somaliland (North-western Somalia) 4.9 - 4.13 - Mogadishu (Benadir Region) 4.14 - 4.19 - Central & Southern Somalia 4.20 - 4.33 The Judiciary 4.34 - 4.37 V HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION HUMAN RIGHTS: INTRODUCTION 5.1 - 5.4 Introduction 5.1 - 5.2 Human Rights Organisations in Somalia 5.3 - 5.4 HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIFIC GROUPS 5.5 - 5.23 Women 5.5 - 5.9 Children 5.10 Somali Clans 5.11 - 5.13 Ethnic Minorities 5.14 - 5.23 HUMAN RIGHTS: OTHER ISSUES 5.24 - 5.40 Freedom of Assembly 5.24 - 5.25 Freedom of Speech and of the Press 5.26 - 5.30 Freedom of Religion 5.31 - 5.33 Freedom to Travel/Internal Relocation (Internal Flight) 5.34 - 5.38 Prison Conditions 5.39 - 5.40 ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: SOMALI CLAN STRUCTURE ANNEX C: MAIN POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX D: PROMINENT PEOPLE PAST & PRESENT BIBLIOGRAPHY I. -
Magool: the Inimitable Nightingale of Somali Music
Magool: The Inimitable Nightingale of Somali Music Bashir Goth Man u saaray May arooryaad iyo Ma mooday Magool kaliileed I. True to these seminal lines of Yusuf Xaji Adan Qabile, Magool has blos- somed ever since, destined to enthrall the Somali-speaking peoples of the Horn of Africa and beyond with her captivating voice over the next forty-plus years…never to be silenced as long as a person who speaks Somali lives on the face of the earth. On March 25, 2004, when Magool’s remains were being laid to rest amid one of the largest funeral congregations that Mogadishu has ever seen, I was in Dubai conducting interviews about her with a small group of Somali artists. The group was led by Ali Sugulle, a renowned playwright and a man who along with Sahardid Mohamed Elmi (Jabiye) was instrumental in making Magool an icon by giving her lead roles in a series of plays in the 1960s. The cohort included Ahmed Yaasin, a former Waaberi singer; Ahmed Mohamed Guutaale, a former Waaberi actor; and Jaama Ahmad Ibrahim (Baqayo), a former Djiboutian actor. In an effort to compile this article about the life and musical legacy of Magool, I subsequently spoke to Sahardid Mohamed Elmi (Jabiye), a celebrated playwright and lyricist; Mohamed Adan Da’ar, a famous singer and lyricist; Hassan Haji Abdullahi (Hassan Ganey), a play- wright and poet; Shamis Abokor (Guduudo Arwo), the first woman whose songs were publicly played on Radio Hargeisa; Hibo Mohamed (Hibo-Nuura), a celebrated former Waaberi singer who co-acted in many plays with Magool; Saeed Mohamed Harawo and Abdulkarim 1 Bildhaan Vol. -
Part H Background to the Somali War 1 Introduction
PART H BACKGROUND TO THE SOMALI WAR 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIA 1.1 The Somali People Somalia1 covers almost 640,000 square kilometres in the north-eastern tip of the Horn of Africa. In the main this is a semi-desert region, with a vegetation cover and water resources that dictate a pastoral nomadic existence for the majority of the population. The exception is the area between the two southern rivers, the Shabelle and Juba, and in valleys of the northern escarpments, where higher rainfall and richer soils provide land suitable for agriculture. r The Somali-speaking people form one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa, living dispersed throughout the Horn, from the Awash Valley, through the Ethiopian Ogaden, and into northern Kenya as far as the Tana river. A Cushitic-speaking family or 'nation' of people, Somalis belong to the Hamitic group of peoples, which includes the Afar, Oromo, Saho and Beja peoples of the Horn. The Somali are distinguished by a shared common ancestry, a single language, an Islamic (sunni) heritage and a way of life that is overwhelmingly pastoral. The Somali are divided into six 'clan families' — Dir, Issaq, Darod, Hawiye, Digil, and Rahanweyne — which are further divided, according to agnatic descent, into subsidiary clans or lineage groups (see diagram 1) (Lewis, 1961). The Somali kinship system and the flexible and shifting alliances of clan kinship groups are fundament- ally entrenched in the social, political, and economic culture of the Somali people. Until the colonial period the Somali 'nation' did not form a single political unit; any concept of political identity was based on clan affiliation.