ﺟﻣﮭورﯾﺔ اﻟﺻوﻣﺎل Press Release
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Freedom of the Press
Somalia Page 1 of 5 Published on Freedom House (https://freedomhouse.org) Home > Somalia Somalia Country: Somalia Year: 2016 Press Freedom Status: NF PFS Score: 79 Legal Environment: 25 Political Environment: 34 Economic Environment: 20 Overview Somalia is one of the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists, though conditions vary between semiautonomous Puntland and the rest of the country, as well as among different areas within the south-central region itself. Violence restricts journalistic access to large areas of the country, and retaliatory attacks against reporters are common. The government actively engages in censorship and prosecution of critical voices, while those who commit crimes against journalists enjoy impunity. Key Developments • Officials harassed the independent Shabelle Media Network on several occasions in 2015, including by fining the company’s owner $10,000 for public incitement and raiding the offices of two of its radio stations. • A controversial new media law passed in December requires reporters to have a university degree in journalism and pass a state test, includes heavy fines for libel, and empowers authorities to block websites as punishment for media offenses despite a provision explicitly prohibiting censorship. https://freedomhouse.org/print/48427 10/4/2016 Somalia Page 2 of 5 • Daud Ali Omar, a producer for the progovernment Radio Baidoa, and Hindia Haji Mohamed, a reporter for the state-run outlets Radio Mogadishu and Somali National TV, were killed in retaliation for their work in April and December, respectively. Legal Environment: 25 / 30 Somalia’s 2012 provisional federal constitution provides for freedoms of speech and the press, but pervasive violence restricts reporting in practice. -
Interview with the Late Abdullahi Qarshe (1994) at the Residence of Obliqe Carton in Djibouti
Interview with the late Abdullahi Qarshe (1994) at the Residence of Obliqe Carton in Djibouti Mohamed-Rashid Sheikh Hassan mrsh: Let us start with the basics. When and where were you born? aq: I was born in Moshe, Tanzania, in 1924. mrsh: People know you as Abdullahi Qarshe, but what is your real name? aq: Oh, yes, that is true. My real name is Mahmud Muhammad, and Qarshe was the nickname of my father. He was a businessman and trader in the livestock business in East Africa. He was regarded as a frugal man and was fortunate in business. We were five brothers and one sister. We lived in a big house on the outskirts of Moshe. mrsh: Tell us more about the background of your family and the rea- son your father moved to Tanzania. aq: My father emigrated from Sanaag region in what was at that time called British Somaliland. In those days, emigration (tacabbir) was pop- ular. Men used to travel for work and a better life, but it was not an easy task. Those who emigrated to East Africa, my father included, went through southern Somalia first of all, then proceeded to Tanza- nia. They had to travel by road or foot through harsh and unfriendly territories. Some of the migrants died along the way, and my father was one of the fortunate who survived. In the Sanaag region, my father’s family lived in the Maydh district. They were involved in the fish industry and the exportation of live- stock and animal hides, as well as timber, to the Gulf countries. -
The Role of Education in Livelihoods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia
J U N E 2 0 1 1 Strengthening the humanity and dignity of people in crisis through knowledge and practice A report for the BRIDGES Project The Role of Education in Livelihoods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia Elanor Jackson ©2011 Feinstein International Center. All Rights Reserved. Fair use of this copyrighted material includes its use for non-commercial educational purposes, such as teaching, scholarship, research, criticism, commentary, and news reporting. Unless otherwise noted, those who wish to reproduce text and image files from this publication for such uses may do so without the Feinstein International Center’s express permission. However, all commercial use of this material and/or reproduction that alters its meaning or intent, without the express permission of the Feinstein International Center, is prohibited. Feinstein International Center Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4800 Medford, MA 02155 USA tel: +1 617.627.3423 fax: +1 617.627.3428 fic.tufts.edu 2 Feinstein International Center Acknowledgements This study was funded by the Department for International Development as part of the BRIDGES pilot project, implemented by Save the Children UK, Mercy Corps, and Islamic Relief in the Somali Region. The author especially appreciates the support and ideas of Alison Napier of Tufts University in Addis Ababa. Thanks also to Mercy Corps BRIDGES project staff in Jijiga and Gode, Islamic Relief staff and driver in Hargelle, Save the Children UK staff in Dire Dawa, and the Tufts driver. In particular, thanks to Hussein from Mercy Corps in Jijiga for organizing so many of the interviews. Thanks also to Andy Catley from Tufts University and to Save the Children UK, Islamic Relief, Mercy Corps, and Tufts University staff in Addis Ababa for their ideas and logistical assistance. -
Somalia Apr2001
SOMALIA ASSESSMENT April 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY 2.1 - 2.3 III HISTORY 3.1 - 3.78 Independence 1960 3.1 - 3.6 Rule of Siad Barre 3.7 - 3.8 Ogaden War & Opposition to Barre 3.9 - 3.15 Collapse of Central Government 1991 3.16 - 3.23 United Nations Intervention 3.24 - 3.33 Events Following UN Withdrawal 3.34 - 3.35 Moves Towards Peace 3.36 - 3.37 Cairo Declaration 1997 3.38 - 3.41 Republic of Somaliland 1991 to Date 3.42 - 3.49 Puntland State of Somalia 1998 to Date 3.50 - 3.55 Reconciliation Moves in Mogadishu 3.56 - 3.58 Conflict in Gedo 3.59 - 3.61 Conflict in Kismayo 1998-2000 3.62 - 3.64 RRA Advances & Ethiopian Incursions 3.65 - 3.69 Arta Peace Process & Transitional National Assembly 3.70 - 3.78 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE 4.1 - 4.37 Political System: 4.1 - 4.33 - Puntland (North-eastern Somalia) 4.3 - 4.8 - Somaliland (North-western Somalia) 4.9 - 4.13 - Mogadishu (Benadir Region) 4.14 - 4.19 - Central & Southern Somalia 4.20 - 4.33 The Judiciary 4.34 - 4.37 V HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION HUMAN RIGHTS: INTRODUCTION 5.1 - 5.4 Introduction 5.1 - 5.2 Human Rights Organisations in Somalia 5.3 - 5.4 HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIFIC GROUPS 5.5 - 5.23 Women 5.5 - 5.9 Children 5.10 Somali Clans 5.11 - 5.13 Ethnic Minorities 5.14 - 5.23 HUMAN RIGHTS: OTHER ISSUES 5.24 - 5.40 Freedom of Assembly 5.24 - 5.25 Freedom of Speech and of the Press 5.26 - 5.30 Freedom of Religion 5.31 - 5.33 Freedom to Travel/Internal Relocation (Internal Flight) 5.34 - 5.38 Prison Conditions 5.39 - 5.40 ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: SOMALI CLAN STRUCTURE ANNEX C: MAIN POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX D: PROMINENT PEOPLE PAST & PRESENT BIBLIOGRAPHY I. -
Part H Background to the Somali War 1 Introduction
PART H BACKGROUND TO THE SOMALI WAR 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIA 1.1 The Somali People Somalia1 covers almost 640,000 square kilometres in the north-eastern tip of the Horn of Africa. In the main this is a semi-desert region, with a vegetation cover and water resources that dictate a pastoral nomadic existence for the majority of the population. The exception is the area between the two southern rivers, the Shabelle and Juba, and in valleys of the northern escarpments, where higher rainfall and richer soils provide land suitable for agriculture. r The Somali-speaking people form one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa, living dispersed throughout the Horn, from the Awash Valley, through the Ethiopian Ogaden, and into northern Kenya as far as the Tana river. A Cushitic-speaking family or 'nation' of people, Somalis belong to the Hamitic group of peoples, which includes the Afar, Oromo, Saho and Beja peoples of the Horn. The Somali are distinguished by a shared common ancestry, a single language, an Islamic (sunni) heritage and a way of life that is overwhelmingly pastoral. The Somali are divided into six 'clan families' — Dir, Issaq, Darod, Hawiye, Digil, and Rahanweyne — which are further divided, according to agnatic descent, into subsidiary clans or lineage groups (see diagram 1) (Lewis, 1961). The Somali kinship system and the flexible and shifting alliances of clan kinship groups are fundament- ally entrenched in the social, political, and economic culture of the Somali people. Until the colonial period the Somali 'nation' did not form a single political unit; any concept of political identity was based on clan affiliation. -
UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Somalia
UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Somalia Abdirisak Said Osman (Somali) Reporter radio Assassiné le 18 septembre 2018 Communiqué UNESCO Abdirizak Kasim Iman (Somalian) Cameraman for the Somali Broadcasting Services (SBS) Killed on 26 July 2018 UNESCO Statement Response of Member State 2018 Mohamed Ibrahim Gabow (Somalia) TV anchor Killed on 11 December 2017 [UNESCO Statement] Ali Nur Siad-Ahmed (Somalian) Free-lance journalist Killed on 14 October [UNESCO Statement] Abdullahi Osman Moallim (Somalia) Broadcast journalist Killed on 13 September [UNESCO Statement] Mahad Ali Mohamed (Somalian) Reporter for Radio Codka Mudug Killed on 6 November 2016 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Abdiaziz Mohamed Ali (Somalian) News presenter on Radio Shabelle 1 UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Somalia Killed on 27 September 2016 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Sagal Salad Osman (Somalian) Broadcaster for state-run Somali National Television and Radio Mogadishu Killed on 5 June 2016 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Hindiya Haji Mohamed (Somalian) Reporter for Radio Mogadishu and Somali National TV Killed on 3 December 2015 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Mustaf Abdi Noor (Somalian) Camera operator for national and international broadcasters Killed on 1 November 2015 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Abdullahi Ali Hussein (Somalian) Editor for the news website, Waagasucub Killed on 8 September 2015 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Mohamed Abdikarim Moallim Adam (Somalian) Reporter for Universal TV Killed -
Somalia Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide January 2012
Somalia Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide January 2012 1 Index Page Introduction................................................................................................... 3 Media overview............................................................................................ 11 Radio overview………..................................................................................20 Radio stations..............................................................................................22 TV overview..................................................................................................54 TV stations....................................................................................................56 Print media overview....................................................................................63 Main newspapers..........................................................................................64 Online media ................................................................................................70 Traditional channels of communication.....................................................76 Media resources...........................................................................................78 Telecoms overview.................................................................................. ....85 Telecoms companies...................................................................................89 2 1. Introduction Somalia has been without effective central government since 1991. Since -
Somalia Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide January 2012
Somalia Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide January 2012 If you wish to suggest any updates or amendments to this document, please contact Robert Powell on [email protected] 1 Index Page Introduction................................................................................................... 3 Media overview............................................................................................ 11 Radio overview………..................................................................................20 Radio stations..............................................................................................22 TV overview..................................................................................................54 TV stations....................................................................................................56 Print media overview....................................................................................62 Main newspapers..........................................................................................63 Online media ................................................................................................69 Traditional channels of communication.....................................................75 Media resources...........................................................................................77 Telecoms overview.................................................................................. ....84 Telecoms companies...................................................................................88 -
Reading for Development: the Somali Rural Literacy Campaign of 1975
Reading for Development: The Somali Rural Literacy Campaign of 1975 A dissertation presented to the faculty of The Patton College of Education of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy M. Shariff Osman March 2012 © 2012 M. Shariff Osman. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Reading for Development: The Somali Rural Literacy Campaign of 1975 by M. SHARIFF OSMAN has been approved for the Department of Educational Studies and The Patton College of Education by Francis E. Godwyll Associate Professor of Educational Studies Renée A. Middleton Dean, The Patton College of Education 3 Abstract OSMAN, M. SHARIFF, Ph.D., March 2012, Educational Studies, Cultural Studies Reading for Development: The Somali Rural Literacy Campaign of 1975 Director of Dissertation: Francis E. Godwyll This historiography study investigates the Somali Literacy Campaign of 1975, which was implemented to improve the socioeconomic development of the country through literacy. The Somali language did not have orthography until 1972 and the media of administration and education instruction was English, Italian, and Arabic. Moreover, the illiteracy rate was 90% and the use of foreign languages in the country denied the majority of the population access to education, health, employment, and many other vital services. In 1969, the government took the initiative of devising a Somali language orthography. Subsequently, the government organized a mass literacy campaign to disseminate the reading and writing of the Somali language throughout the country, and this was followed by the Somalization of administration and education. This process was completed between 1973 and 1975. The study uses oral historiography and/or narratology approaches to examine the objectives and the outcomes of the campaign. -
Somalia Country of Origin Information Report
Somalia Country of origin information report COI service 5 August 2013 Somalia 5 August 2013 Contents Preface Paragraphs 1. Security situation ................................................................................................. 1.01 Overview ............................................................................................................... 1.01 Protagonists ......................................................................................................... 1.05 Trends and statistics in security-related incidents and casualties .................. 1.10 Recording and reporting of data ......................................................................... 1.10 Numbers of fatalities and casualties ................................................................... 1.11 Trends in violence (2009 to 2013) .................................................................. 1.13 Type and nature of violence ................................................................................ 1.14 Security situation by region ................................................................................ 1.21 South and central Somalia ................................................................................. 1.22 Mogadishu ..................................................................................................... 1.25 Kismayo, Lower Juba and Gedo regions and ‗Jubaland‘ ............................... 1.29 Merka and Brava, Lower Shabelle, and Jowhar, Middle Shabelle ................. 1.34 Bay, Bakool and -
Somalia, Country Information
Somalia, Country Information SOMALIA ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VIA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: SOMALI CLAN STRUCTURE ANNEX C: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX D: PROMINENT PEOPLE REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum/human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for currency, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up to date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. 2. GEOGRAPHY file:///V|/vll/country/uk_cntry_assess/apr2003/0403_Somalia.htm[10/21/2014 10:09:18 AM] Somalia, Country Information 2.1 Somalia (known officially as the Somali Democratic Republic) has an area of 637,657 sq. -
'Like Fish in Poisonous Waters': Attacks on Media Freedom in Somalia
HUMAN RIGHTS “Like Fish in Poisonous Waters” Attacks on Media Freedom in Somalia WATCH “Like Fish in Poisonous Waters” Attacks on Media Freedom in Somalia Copyright © YEAR Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-33474 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org MAY 2016 ISBN: 978-1-6231-33474 “Like Fish in Poisonous Waters” Attacks on Media Freedom in Somalia Map .......................................................................................................... I Glossary ................................................................................................... II Summary ................................................................................................. 1 Recommendations ...................................................................................