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Mathématiques Et Espace
Atelier disciplinaire AD 5 Mathématiques et Espace Anne-Cécile DHERS, Education Nationale (mathématiques) Peggy THILLET, Education Nationale (mathématiques) Yann BARSAMIAN, Education Nationale (mathématiques) Olivier BONNETON, Sciences - U (mathématiques) Cahier d'activités Activité 1 : L'HORIZON TERRESTRE ET SPATIAL Activité 2 : DENOMBREMENT D'ETOILES DANS LE CIEL ET L'UNIVERS Activité 3 : D'HIPPARCOS A BENFORD Activité 4 : OBSERVATION STATISTIQUE DES CRATERES LUNAIRES Activité 5 : DIAMETRE DES CRATERES D'IMPACT Activité 6 : LOI DE TITIUS-BODE Activité 7 : MODELISER UNE CONSTELLATION EN 3D Crédits photo : NASA / CNES L'HORIZON TERRESTRE ET SPATIAL (3 ème / 2 nde ) __________________________________________________ OBJECTIF : Détermination de la ligne d'horizon à une altitude donnée. COMPETENCES : ● Utilisation du théorème de Pythagore ● Utilisation de Google Earth pour évaluer des distances à vol d'oiseau ● Recherche personnelle de données REALISATION : Il s'agit ici de mettre en application le théorème de Pythagore mais avec une vision terrestre dans un premier temps suite à un questionnement de l'élève puis dans un second temps de réutiliser la même démarche dans le cadre spatial de la visibilité d'un satellite. Fiche élève ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Victor Hugo a écrit dans Les Châtiments : "Les horizons aux horizons succèdent […] : on avance toujours, on n’arrive jamais ". Face à la mer, vous voyez l'horizon à perte de vue. Mais "est-ce loin, l'horizon ?". D'après toi, jusqu'à quelle distance peux-tu voir si le temps est clair ? Réponse 1 : " Sans instrument, je peux voir jusqu'à .................. km " Réponse 2 : " Avec une paire de jumelles, je peux voir jusqu'à ............... km " 2. Nous allons maintenant calculer à l'aide du théorème de Pythagore la ligne d'horizon pour une hauteur H donnée. -
Chapter One Phonetic Change
CHAPTERONE PHONETICCHANGE The investigation of the nature and the types of changes that affect the sounds of a language is the most highly developed area of the study of language change. The term sound change is used to refer, in the broadest sense, to alterations in the phonetic shape of segments and suprasegmental features that result from the operation of phonological process es. The pho- netic makeup of given morphemes or words or sets of morphemes or words also may undergo change as a by-product of alterations in the grammatical patterns of a language. Sound change is used generally to refer only to those phonetic changes that affect all occurrences of a given sound or class of sounds (like the class of voiceless stops) under specifiable phonetic conditions . It is important to distinguish between the use of the term sound change as it refers tophonetic process es in a historical context , on the one hand, and as it refers to phonetic corre- spondences on the other. By phonetic process es we refer to the replacement of a sound or a sequenceof sounds presenting some articulatory difficulty by another sound or sequence lacking that difficulty . A phonetic correspondence can be said to exist between a sound at one point in the history of a language and the sound that is its direct descendent at any subsequent point in the history of that language. A phonetic correspondence often reflects the results of several phonetic process es that have affected a segment serially . Although phonetic process es are synchronic phenomena, they often have diachronic consequences. -
Gamma Leonis B
Gamma Leonis b The planetary system Gamma Leonis hosts at least one planet. Note that the system is a multiple star system. It hosts at least 2 stellar components. System parameters. Primary system name. Gamma Leonis. Alternative system names. N/A. Gamma-2 Leonis. Alternative star names. gamma 1 Leo, gam01 Leo, γ1 Leo, γ1 Leonis, γ Leo A, Gamma Leonis A, gamma Leo A, gam Leo A, Algieba A, Al Gieba A, HD 89484, HIP 50583 A, TYC 1423-1349-1, SAO 81298, BD+20 2467 A, WDS J10200+1950 A, STF 1424 A. Gamma Leonis's wiki: Gamma Leonis (γ Leo, γ Leonis) is a binary star system in the constellation Leo. It has the traditional name Algieba or Al Gieba . Name origin and history The name Algieba originates from the Arabic الجبهة Al-Jabhah Gamma Leonis b is an extrasolar planet located 125.5 light years away in the constellation Leo, orbiting the giant star Gamma Leonis. On November 6, 2009, a planetary companion around primary star Gamma1 Leonis has been announced. Moreover radial velocity variations would also hint two strong signals at 8.5 and 1340 days. The former periodicity is likely due to stellar pulsation, whereas the latter could be indicative of the presence of an additional planetary companion with 2.14 Jupiter masses Gamma Leonis (γ Leo / γ Leonis) is a binary star system in the constellation Leo. It also has the traditional name Algieba or Al Gieba. Name origin and history. The name "Algieba" originates from the Arabic "Al-Jabhah", meaning "the forehead". -
Exo-Mercat a Merged Exoplanet Catalog
Exo-MerCat a merged exoplanet catalog 1,2 Eleonora Alei , Riccardo Claudi1, Andrea Bignamini3, Marco Molinaro3 1 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova 2 DFA-UNIPD – Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università degli Studi di Padova 3 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste IVOA Interoperability meeting Paris, 12-17 May 2019 Overview • Online exoplanet catalogs: state of the art • Raw statistics with the current datasets • Known Issues: updates, errors, selection criteria • Exo-MerCat: aims, description, efficiency • Update workflow and VO resource NASA Exoplanet Archive (NASA) Exoplanets Orbit Database (ORG) Open Exoplanet Catalogue (OEC) Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (EU) Yikes! Raw statistics Raw Problems Selection Criteria Aliases Coordinates Updates - Names appear in different - Human errors (plus-minus - False positives are present in formats; signs); the catalogs because of lags - Whitespaces are present; - Not updated coordinates; in the updates; - Different aliases for the same - Different epochs. - New candidates have yet to be planet; included in the database. Algieba, gamma Leonis: Proxima Centauri b (ra,dec): in NASA: gam 1 Leo in NASA: (217.428995,-62.679485) in ORG: gamma Leo A in ORG: (217.448946,-62.681353) in EU: gamma 1 Leo in EU: (217.429167,-62.679444) in OEC: Gamma Leonis in OEC: (219.990850,-60.835619) 5 Aims • Provide greater uniformity among the databases; • More effective associations among the datasets; • Identify and correct errors, to warn the catalog maintainers; Exo-MerCat • Provide a direct link with most stellar sources archives; • Provide the user with an intuitive Graphical Interface to download and filter data. 6 Icons made by https://www.flaticon.com/authors/gregor-cresnar from www.flaticon.com Description Initialization • Create a nested folder to contain all useful files; • Use various Virtual Observatory tools to download raw datasets: Exo-MerCat • wget command to access NASA/ORG database; • git commands and an *.xml reader to access the OEC database; • VO TAP service for the EU database. -
Searching for Diffuse Light in the M96 Group
Draft version June 30, 2016 Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 5/2/11 SEARCHING FOR DIFFUSE LIGHT IN THE M96 GALAXY GROUP Aaron E. Watkins1, J. Christopher Mihos1,Paul Harding1,John J. Feldmeier2 Draft version June 30, 2016 ABSTRACT We present deep, wide-field imaging of the M96 galaxy group (also known as the Leo I Group). Down to surface brightness limits of µB = 30:1 and µV = 29:5, we find no diffuse, large-scale optical counterpart to the “Leo Ring”, an extended HI ring surrounding the central elliptical M105 (NGC 3379). However, we do find a number of extremely low surface-brightness (µB & 29) small-scale streamlike features, possibly tidal in origin, two of which may be associated with the Ring. In addition we present detailed surface photometry of each of the group’s most massive members – M105, NGC 3384, M96 (NGC 3368), and M95 (NGC 3351) – out to large radius and low surface brightness, where we search for signatures of interaction and accretion events. We find that the outer isophotes of both M105 and M95 appear almost completely undisturbed, in contrast to NGC 3384 which shows a system of diffuse shells indicative of a recent minor merger. We also find photometric evidence that M96 is accreting gas from the HI ring, in agreement with HI data. In general, however, interaction signatures in the M96 Group are extremely subtle for a group environment, and provide some tension with interaction scenarios for the formation of the Leo HI Ring. The lack of a significant component of diffuse intragroup starlight in the M96 Group is consistent with its status as a loose galaxy group in which encounters are relatively mild and infrequent. -
Maps for GLOBE at Night at Latitude 40 , February 23, 21 H Local Time
< 0.50 mag < 1.50 mag < 2.50 mag < 3.50 mag < 4.50 mag < 5.50 mag < 6.50 mag < 7.50 mag Maps for GLOBE at Night at latitude 40◦, February 23, 21 h local time (deep night), assuming rather transparent air. Orion’s belt is 34◦ to the right from the south, at 43◦ height. The brightest fixed star, Sirius, is at left. Jan Hollan, Ecological Institute Veronica and http://www.astro.cz/darksky < 0.50 mag < 1.50 mag < 2.50 mag < 3.50 mag < 4.50 mag < 5.50 mag < 6.50 mag < 7.50 mag Maps for GLOBE at Night at latitude 40◦, March 2, 21 h local time (deep night), assuming rather transparent air. Orion’s belt is 42◦ to the right from the south, at 40◦ height. The brightest fixed star, Sirius, is at left. Jan Hollan, Ecological Institute Veronica and http://www.astro.cz/darksky Betelgeuse Rigel Pollux Procyon Sirius Sirius Arcturus Saturn < 0.50 mag < 1.50 mag S S Betelgeuse Big Dipper Big Big Dipper Big Betelgeuse Rigel Rigel Pollux Pollux Procyon Procyon Sirius Sirius Arcturus Regulus Arcturus Regulus Denebola Denebola Saturn Saturn < 2.50 mag < 3.50 mag S S Procyon Procyon Regulus Regulus Denebola Denebola < 4.50 mag < 5.50 mag Procyon Procyon Regulus Regulus Denebola Denebola < 6.50 mag < 7.50 mag Maps for GLOBE at Night at latitude 40◦, March 23, 21 h local time (Sun at -31◦). Lines from N(E,S,W) to zenith shown (crosses each 10◦). Regulus (α Leonis) is 32◦ to the left from S, at 58◦ height. -
The Search for Another Earth – Part II
GENERAL ARTICLE The Search for Another Earth – Part II Sujan Sengupta In the first part, we discussed the various methods for the detection of planets outside the solar system known as the exoplanets. In this part, we will describe various kinds of exoplanets. The habitable planets discovered so far and the present status of our search for a habitable planet similar to the Earth will also be discussed. Sujan Sengupta is an 1. Introduction astrophysicist at Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru. He works on the The first confirmed exoplanet around a solar type of star, 51 Pe- detection, characterisation 1 gasi b was discovered in 1995 using the radial velocity method. and habitability of extra-solar Subsequently, a large number of exoplanets were discovered by planets and extra-solar this method, and a few were discovered using transit and gravi- moons. tational lensing methods. Ground-based telescopes were used for these discoveries and the search region was confined to about 300 light-years from the Earth. On December 27, 2006, the European Space Agency launched 1The movement of the star a space telescope called CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and plan- towards the observer due to etary Transits) and on March 6, 2009, NASA launched another the gravitational effect of the space telescope called Kepler2 to hunt for exoplanets. Conse- planet. See Sujan Sengupta, The Search for Another Earth, quently, the search extended to about 3000 light-years. Both Resonance, Vol.21, No.7, these telescopes used the transit method in order to detect exo- pp.641–652, 2016. planets. Although Kepler’s field of view was only 105 square de- grees along the Cygnus arm of the Milky Way Galaxy, it detected a whooping 2326 exoplanets out of a total 3493 discovered till 2Kepler Telescope has a pri- date. -
San Jose Astronomical Association Membership Form P.O
SJAA EPHEMERIS SJAA Activities Calendar March General Meeting Jim Van Nuland Dr. Adrian Brown March March 22, 2008 - 8 p.m. - Houge Park 1 Dark Sky weekend. Sunset 6:02 p.m., 28% moon David Smith rises 3:36 a.m. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft has collected stunning 8 Dark Sky weekend. Sunset 6:09 p.m., 3% moon images on the Red planet since it arrived at Mars last year. Scientists sets 7:41 p.m. Messier Marathon at Henry Coe like Dr. Adrian Brown at the NASA Ames Research Center are poring Park. Henry Coe Park’s “Astronomy” lot has over the data to work out what Mars is telling them about its history been reserved. as a planet through the eyes of the CRISM (Compact InfraRed Imaging 9 DST starts at 2 a.m. Advance clocks 1 hour. Spectrometer for Mars) and the HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging 14 Astronomy Class at Houge Park. 7:30 p.m. Science Experiment) camera. Mark Wagner will discuss observing galaxies. 14 Houge Park star party. Sunset 7:15 p.m., 58% Dr. Brown will give an overview of MRO, and talk about Martian polar moon sets 3:41 a.m. Star party hours: 8:00 until research that is shedding light on the most active regions on Mars 11:00 p.m. today, where oceans of water are locked away in perpetuity at the polar 22 General Meeting at Houge Park. 8 p.m. Our caps. Or are they? speaker is Dr. Adrian Brown of the SETI Insti- tute. His topic is “Latest Results from the Mars The Golden State Star Party 2008 Reconnaissance Orbiter.” Bill Porte 28 Houge Park star party. -
The Skyscraper 2009 04.Indd
A Better Galaxy Guide: Early Spring M67: One of the most ancient open clusters known and Craig Cortis is a great novelty in this regard. Located 1.7° due W of mag NGC 2419: 3.25° SE of mag 6.2 66 Aurigae. Hard to find 4.3 Alpha Cancri. and see; at E end of short row of two mag 7.5 stars. Highly NGC 2775: Located 3.7° ENE of mag 3.1 Zeta Hydrae. significant and worth the effort —may be approximately (Look for “Head of Hydra” first.) 300,000 light years distant and qualify as an extragalactic NGC 2903: Easily found at 1.5° due S of mag 4.3 Lambda cluster. Named the Intergalactic Wanderer. Leonis. NGC 2683: Marks NW “crook” of coathanger-type triangle M95: One of three bright galaxies forming a compact with easy double star mag 4.2 Iota Cancri (which is SSW by triangle, along with M96 and M105. All three can be seen 4.8°) and mag 3.1 Alpha Lyncis (at 6° to the ENE). together in a low power, wide field view. M105 is at the NE tip of triangle, midway between stars 52 and 53 Leonis, mag Object Type R.A. Dec. Mag. Size 5.5 and 5.3 respectively —M95 is at W tip. Lynx NGC 3521: Located 0.5° due E of mag 6.0 62 Leonis. M65: One of a pair of bright galaxies that can be seen in NGC 2419 GC 07h 38.1m +38° 53’ 10.3 4.2’ a wide field view along with M66, which lies just E. -
EPSC2018-126, 2018 European Planetary Science Congress 2018 Eeuropeapn Planetarsy Science Ccongress C Author(S) 2018
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 12, EPSC2018-126, 2018 European Planetary Science Congress 2018 EEuropeaPn PlanetarSy Science CCongress c Author(s) 2018 Stellar wind interaction with the expanding atmosphere of Gliese 436b A.G. Berezutskiy (1), I.F. Shaikhislamov (1), M.L. Khodachenko (2,3) and I.B. Miroshnichenko (1,4) (1) Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Brunch Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia; (2) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Science, Graz, Austria; (3) Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (4) Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia ([email protected]) Abstract the escaping planetary upper atmospheric material are also taken into account. We study an exosphere of a Neptune-size exoplanet Gliese 436b, orbiting the red dwarf at an extremely 3. Results close distance (0.028 au), taking into account its interaction with the stellar wind plasma flow. It was At the initial state of the simulations, the atmosphere shown that Gliese 436 b has a bowshock region of Gliese 436b is assumed to consist of the molecular between planetary and stellar wind which localized hydrogen and helium atoms at a ratio NHe / NH2 = 1/5 on the distance of ~33 Rp, where density of planetary with the temperature 750 K. We consider the case of -3 atoms slightly dominates over the protons. a weak stellar wind (SW) with nsw=100 cm , Tsw=1 МК, Vsw=70 km/s, which is much less intense than 1. Introduction the solar wind. Because of this fact, , we did not consider generation of Energetic Neutral Atoms The modelled planet Gliese 436b has a mass (ENAs). -
An Introduction to the Knowledge of Greek Grammar
AN * INTRODUCTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE or GREEK GRAMMAR. By SAMUEL B. WYLIE, D. D. IN THE WICE PROVOST AND PROFESSOR of ANCIENT LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. *NWTIET 16). <e) - \ 3} f) iſ a t t I pi} f a, J. whet HAM, 144 CHES NUT STREET. 1838. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1838, by SAMUEL B. Wylie, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. ANDov ER, MAss. Gould & Newman, Printers. **'. … Tº Co PR E FA C E. CoNSIDERING the number of Greek Grammars, already in market, some apology may appear necessary for the introduction of a new one. Without formally making a defence, it may be remarked, that subjects of deep interest, need to be viewed in as many different bearings as can readily be obtained. Grammar, whether considered as a branch of philological science, or a system of rules subservient to accuracy in speaking or writing any language, embraces a most interesting field of research, as wide and unlimited, as the progres sive development of the human mind. A work of such magnitude, requires a great variety of laborers, and even the humblest may be of some service. Even erroneous positions may be turned to good account, should they, by their refutation, contribute to the elucida tion of principle. A desire of obtaining a more compendious and systematic view of grammatical principles, and more adapted to his own taste in order and arrangement, induced the author to undertake, and gov erned him in the compilation of this manual. -
ALFALFA Survey of the Leo Region S
ALFALFA Survey of the Leo Region S. Stierwalt, M.P. Haynes, R. Giovanelli, B. Kent, A. Saintonge (Cornell University), I.D. Karachentsev (Russian Academy of Sciences), V.E. Karachentseva (Astronomical Observatory of Kiev), N. Brosch (Wise Observatory), L. Hoffman (Lafayette College), B.Catinella, E. Momjian (Arecibo Observatory) ABSTRACT: The Leo region offers a detailed view of several nearby groups Points of Interest in the Leo Region of galaxies including Leo I at 10.4 Mpc and another slightly more distant (10h30m<RA<11h30m, 8º<dec<16º) structure within the Local Supercluster (Leo II). Leo I is of particular interest because it contains both a large ring of intergalactic gas of unknown origin (the Leo Ring) as well as a long tidal stream of stars and gas in the Leo Triplet. Because of its proximity, Leo can also offer insight M66 into the nature of low-mass, low-surface brightness galaxies believed to be the building blocks of galaxy formation. A direct comparison of optically and HI selected samples of dwarf galaxy candidates in the region has been made. This work has been supported by NSF grants AST-0307661 and AST--0435697 & by the Brinson Foundation. NNGGCC 3 6326828 OPTICALLY-SELECTED SAMPLE: Dwarf galaxy candidates in the Leo region were optically selected via a visual inspection of POSS-II/ESO/Serc plates by Karachentsev and Karachentseva. Sensitive, targeted single-pixel Arecibo Leo Ring of M65 gas in M96 group observations were taken of those candidates. Twenty-one of a possible thirty- Leo Triplet (Image from five dwarf galaxies were detected in HI including five background sources.