Working Together Better to Prevent, Address and Find Durable Solutions to Internal Displacement GP20 COMPILATION OF NATIONAL PRACTICES Cover photo: Bangladesh. A family travels to a safer location amid flood waters as water enters new areas after the cyclone Aila hit in the south- west parts in Harinagar, Satkhira, displacing thousands. © IOM Abir Abdullah | 2009 Working Together Better to Prevent, Address and Find Durable Solutions to Internal Displacement GP20 COMPILATION OF NATIONAL PRACTICES Afghanistan. Young internally displaced girls collect firewood in Rabat village of Balkh Province. © UNHCR Sebastian Rich | 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5 FOREWORD 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 Priority Area 1: IDP participation 11 Priority Area 2: National law and policy on internal displacement 13 Priority Area 3: Data and analysis on internal displacement 15 Priority Area 4: Protracted displacement and supporting durable solutions 19 I. INTRODUCTION 22 II. METHODOLOGY 26 III. REVIEW OF THE GP20 PRACTICES 29 3.1 Practices and GP20 priorities 30 3.1.1 Challenges 30 3.1.2 IDP participation 35 3.1.3 National law and policy on internal displacement 42 3.1.4 Data and analysis on internal displacement 49 3.1.5 Protracted displacement and supporting durable solutions 55 3.2 Conclusions and future trends 63 3.3 Recommendations 70 Priority Area 1: IDP participation 71 Priority Area 2: National law and policy on internal displacement 71 Priority Area 3: Data and analysis on internal displacement 73 The GP20 Compilation of National Practices Priority Area 4: Protracted displacement and supporting durable solutions 74 IV. GP20 PRACTICES 77 COUNTRY EXAMPLES 78 Afghanistan Restoring Livelihoods for IDPs and Displacement-Affected Communities 79 Ethiopia The Durable Solutions Initiative 83 Fiji Learning from Communities in the Development of National Planned Relocation Guidelines in the Context of Climate Change 89 Honduras Preparing for Solutions through Abandoned Property Registration 97 Indonesia The Sister Village Program for Disaster Preparedness 104 Iraq Data Collection and Analysis to Inform Efforts to End Protracted Displacement 111 Mongolia Forecast-Based Financing to Avoid Disaster Displacement 122 Nepal Building Expertise on Disability-Inclusive Design in Disaster Preparedness, Response and Recovery Efforts 128 Niger A Consultative Process for Adopting a National Law on Internal Displacement 131 Nigeria Protecting IDPs and Displacement-Affected Communities by Speaking their Languages 138 Philippines Community Participation in Evacuation Planning in Metropolitan Manila 142 Philippines Disaster Displacement Data from Preparedness to Recovery 148 Philippines Practical Solutions for Protecting IDPs’ Right to Vote 156 Somalia Data and Analysis to Inform Collaborative Approaches to Finding Durable Solutions 160 Somalia Exploring Land Value Sharing Options to Support Durable Solutions in Urban Areas 171 Somalia The Midnimo Project’s Experiment in Integrated Humanitarian, Development and Peacebuilding Programming on Durable Solutions 174 South Sudan Building Consensus on the Drafting of a National Law on Internal Displacement 181 Sudan Internally Displaced Persons Informing Durable Solutions Action Plans 183 Ukraine Adapting Pre-Existing Housing Schemes to Meet IDPs’ Specific Needs 195 Ukraine The Role of Joint Advocacy in Protecting IDPs’ Electoral Rights 202 Ukraine “Your Rights” Mobile Phone App 206 Vanuatu Climate Change and Disaster-Induced Displacement Policy 209 V. REFERENCES 212 ANNEX I: GP20 INITIATIVE PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIES 229 The GP20 Compilation of National Practices 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This publication is the culmination of a three-year multi-stakeholder initiative to mark the 20th anniversary of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (GP20 Initiative). It is a compilation of practices to prevent, address and resolve internal displacement and showcases some of the examples exchanged over the period 2018-2020 by governments, UN agencies, NGOs, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the World Bank and other key experts on internal displacement. This report was researched and written by Hannah Entwisle Chapuisat. The project was coordinated by Nadine Walicki, GP20 Coordinator. Some country examples were initially researched and drafted by Prithvi Hirani and Michelle Yonetani. GP20 interns Malvika Verma, Thiago Sothe, Fabiola Rosi and Feblezi Huebi also provided project support. We are immensely grateful for the invaluable guidance and feedback received from this study’s Expert Advisors: Prof.em. Walter Kälin (University of Bern), Prof. Chaloka Beyani (London School of Economics), Prof. Elizabeth Ferris (Georgetown University), Alexandra Bilak (IDMC), Erin Mooney (PROCAP) and Dr Elena Katselli (Newcastle University UK). We also extend warm thanks to Cecilia Jimenez- Damary, UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights of IDPs, for her leadership on the GP20 Initiative and guidance on this report. We also benefited from the extensive input and rich advice of the GP20 Core Group throughout the entire process: Sebastian von Einsiedel (UN OCHA), Aurelien Buffler (UN OCHA), Greta Zeender (former UN OCHA), Monica Tse Candido (UN OCHA), Christian Clark (UN OCHA), Belinda Gurd (UN OCHA) Samuel Cheung (UNHCR), Elizabeth Eyster (UNHCR), Nathalie Goetschi (UNHCR), Daniel Macguire (UNHCR), Nancy Polutan-Teulieres (UNHCR), Martina Caterina The GP20 Compilation of National Practices (former Mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights of IDPs), Kerry-Lynn Maze (IOM), Muhammad Rizki (IOM), Mariela Guajardo (IOM), Angela Wells (IOM), Henny Ngu (UNDP), Massimo Nicoletti Altimari (UNDP), Natalia Baal (former JIPS), Isis Nunez Ferrera (JIPS), Corina Demottaz (JIPS), Adrian Calvo- Valderrama (IDMC), Avigail Shai (former IDMC), Barbara Essig (IDMC), Frankie Parrish (IDMC), Kathrine Starup (DRC), Kim Mancini (former DRC) and Liselott Verduijn (DRC). Finally, we wish to express our great appreciation to all practitioners and government officials who shared insights, information and contacts for this report. In particular, special thanks are extended to the following individuals for their generous contributions to the case studies, without which this report would not have been possible: Zahra Abdi, Lindsey Atienza, Hélène Atrafi, Margarita Barcena, Caroline Blay, Anne Davies, Teresa Del Ministro, Khadra Elmi, Rufus Karanja, Natalia Madzigon, Bradley Mellicker, Conrado Navidad, Lorena Nieto, Salif Nouhoum, Asel Ormonova, Nadiya Pashkova, Isabelle Peter, Lorenza Rossi and Kara Siahaan. Our sincere appreciation also goes to UNHCR, IOM and the United States of America for funding this report. 4 5 FOREWORD This compilation is the key output of the three-year multi-stakeholder consultative process to implement the GP20 Plan of Action for Advancing Prevention, Protection and Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, which I initiated as Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in 2018 to mark the twentieth anniversary of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (Guiding Principles). These efforts have become known as the “GP20 Initiative”: a first of its kind, with an emphasis on national responsibility. The initiative focused on how the Guiding Principles and other international standards have been implemented at the national and local levels, with an emphasis on State action complemented by the support of international and national partners, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and research institutions. As respecting, protecting and fulfilling the human rights of internally displaced persons remains a primary responsibility of States, it has always been clear to me that this is where the emphasis had to be. This compilation of practices on preventing, addressing and finding durable solutions to internal displacement draws on the experiences, successes and challenges that have emerged during the GP20 Initiative since 2018. The initiative proceeded from recognition of the fact that, despite the progress achieved over more than twenty years of efforts, the number of people estimated to be affected by internal displacement has been on an upward trajectory for decades and remains at among its highest levels. This particularly highlighted the need for galvanising more collaborative action on internal displacement at all levels, as well as the importance of sharing experiences and lessons learnt among relevant actors on what has worked most effectively in different contexts, in order to inspire further action on prevention, protection The GP20 Compilation of National Practices and solutions to internal displacement. These were the two main axes and objectives along which the GP20 Initiative was developed. Throughout its course, it had a strong action-oriented and operational approach, aimed at facilitating more strategic and joined-up action among UN agencies and NGOs in support of competent authorities in countries affected by displacement. At the same time, it promoted the exchange of national and local experiences at regional and global levels, giving visibility to the innovative approaches to improving national responses to internal displacement that are underway in many countries and that are increasingly being implemented through joint efforts between States, the international community and domestic partners, and more especially with IDPs themselves. The GP20 Initiative identified four priority areas for strategic, coordinated and collaborative action, to be supported during the Plan of Action,