Kingsand and Cawsand Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan
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Kingsand and Cawsand Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan Consultation Draft October 2012 Telephone: 0300 1234 100 www.cornwall.gov.uk Kingsand and Cawsand Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan Consultation Draft Cornwall Council October 2012 Acknowledgements This report was produced by Cornwall Council Aerial Photograph ©Historic Environment, Cornwall Council, 2009; F89-164 Maps The maps are based on Ordnance Survey material with the permission of the Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (c) Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution and/or civil proceedings. The map data, derived from Ordnance Survey mapping, included within this publication is provided by Cornwall Council under licence from the Ordnance Survey in order to fulfil its public function to publicise local public services. Cornwall Council Licence No. 100049047. Contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................... 2 2 Planning Context.............................................................. 3 3 Statement of Significance................................................. 4 4 Location and Setting ........................................................ 6 5 Designations..................................................................... 7 6 Historic and Topographic Development ............................ 8 7 Archaeological Potential................................................. 14 8 Present Settlement Character ........................................ 15 9 Problems and Pressures ................................................ 38 10 Recommendations......................................................... 39 11 Opportunities ................................................................ 40 12 Sources ......................................................................... 41 Management Plan…………………………………………………………42 Glossary of Architectural Terms……………………………………..53 Date of designation 1 Introduction The Conservation Area was designated in August 1970 in The purpose of a Conservation accordance with Caradon District Area Appraisal Council’s policy document for the The purpose of this Conservation area. Area Appraisal is to clearly define the special interest, character and The Conservation Area within appearance of the conservation the wider settlement area, and to suggest any possible The Conservation Area roughly amendments to its boundary. The follows the 1907 development appraisal should then inform boundary. development control decisions and policies and act as a foundation for further work on design guidance and enhancement schemes. Scope and structure This appraisal describes and analyses the character of the Kingsand and Cawsand conservation area and the immediately surrounding historic environment. The appraisal will look at the historic and topographical development of the settlements, analyse their present character, identify problems and pressures and make recommendations for their future management. More detailed advice on the management of the conservation area can be found in the Kingsand and Cawsand Conservation Area Management Plan, which is designed to stand alongside this appraisal. General identity and character Kingsand and Cawsand are a pair of adjoining, picturesque seaside villages located in the south eastern corner of Cornwall. The striking coastal setting, surrounding ornamental parkland landscape, military features and good survival of seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth century townhouses and cottages combine to make settlements of immense natural and historic interest. They are busy tourist centres and their proximity to Plymouth make them popular dormitory villages. 2 2 Planning Context National Policy Regional Policy In 1967 the concept of protecting • Cornwall Structure Plan 2004, areas of special merit, rather than particularly Policy 2 Character individual buildings was first Areas, Design and brought under legislative control Environmental Protection. with the passing of the Civic Amenities Act. Whilst Listed Buildings are assessed nationally Local Policy with lists drawn up by the Government on advice from English • Caradon Local Plan First Heritage Conservation Areas are Alteration 2007, particularly designated by Local Authorities. Chapter 5 Town and Village The current Act governing the Environment. designation of ‘areas of special architectural or historic interest, the • Kingsand and Cawsand character or appearance of which it Conservation Area Article 4 is desirable to preserve or enhance’ Direction – see Management is the Planning (Listed Buildings and Plan for details. Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Under this Act local planning authorities are required to designate conservation areas, to keep them under review and if appropriate to designate further areas. Designation remains the principal means by which local authorities can apply conservation policies to a particular area. • Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. • National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) March 2012. • PPS5: Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide March 2010. 3 pilchard cellars. Simple, 3 Statement of single storey stone sheds, Significance outhouses and fish cellars recall the importance of the fishing industry. The tall two • The dramatic coastal setting and three storey town of Kingsand and Cawsand houses, Cawsand Fort and has had a considerable the remnants of batteries impact on the villages’ and sea defenses are development. The two illustrative of naval adjacent beaches encouraged community which developed early fishing-related during the Napoleonic wars. development and the Many of the public buildings strategic potential of the and the ornamental headland between the two landscapes either side of the settlements was later settlements recall the role of exploited during times of the Edgcumbe family in the conflict. The wooded hillsides development of Kingsand and to the north, west and south Cawsand particularly in the constrained over- nineteenth century. development and the As a consequence of its varied generally picturesque historic development the two qualities of the landscape villages have a rich variety of and seascape have architectural styles and stimulated a flourishing building forms. Low lying tourist industry. vernacular cottages, some of which date from as early as the seventeenth century sit amongst grander eighteenth and nineteenth century town houses, many of which have handsome Classical proportions and detailing. The diverse geology of the area is reflected in the building materials resulting in a pleasing palette of rust and The strategic importance of the grey slatestone, rich red headland between the two settlements sandstone, aubergine rhyolite encouraged development during the 18th and silvery slatestone century contrasting with the white and colourwashed facades of the • The many layered history of rendered buildings. Boundary the two villages can still be walls are similarly varied as is read in the surviving historic the paving which includes buildings and plan form. The beach pebbles, thick slabs of narrow streets, constructed granite and sandstone to form protection, lead to paviours. the two beaches indicating their prominence in the settlements’ development and a continuous route follows the contours of the shore from the Square to the beach adjacent to the 4 18th and 19th century houses built to take Although Kingsand and Cawsand are primarily advantage of the dramatic sea views now known as tourist destinations, they still retain the charming informality of working villages • The high quality of the built environment is complimented by the striking natural setting of beach and wooded hillsides. Within the villages the sloping terrain results in highly visible back gardens, many sizeable with mature trees, which ‘green up’ the environment, as does St Andrew’s churchyard. • The quality of the historic environment is reflected in the high percentage of listed buildings, the scheduled monument and the designation of the surrounding landscape as an historic park and garden. • As a result of the high quality natural, built and historic landscape the villages are popular places to live and visit leading to a sense of flourishing activity especially in the summer months, but sustained throughout the year. 5 4 Location and Setting coastal setting the landscape around the villages forms part of Mount Edgcumbe Country Park. This was The adjoining villages of Kingsand formerly the estate of the Earls of and Cawsand are located in south- Edgcumbe and the deciduous east Cornwall on the Rame wooded drives laid out in the late Peninsula. They lie approximately 5 eighteenth and nineteenth century miles to the south of Torpoint form a green backdrop to the (connected by ferry to Plymouth), villages to the north and south. The 17 miles south of Saltash (where drives form part of a larger the road bridge crosses the River ornamental landscape, which lies to Tamar to Plymouth) and 18 miles the north-east of the villages, and south-east of Liskeard. They are incorporates a series of picturesque situated within the parish of Maker- features and structures. with-Rame. Cawsand is immediately surrounded by steep hills covered in mature trees, while Kingsand lies within a slightly more open valley. The wooded slopes rise from the coast to an inland landscape of arable fields bordered