SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS DEVELOPMENT GOALS SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS | TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD Transforming our world CONTRIBUTORS INCLUDE María Fernanda Espinosa Achim Steiner | Henrietta Fore Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka Michelle Bachelet | Mark Lowcock Mukhisa Kituyi | Devi Sridhar Louis Charbonneau | Liu Zhenmin Ellen MacArthur | Edward Barbier Jonathan Glennie | Lysa John HERMES SDG ENGAGEMENT Aiming to generate outcomes that benefi t people, the planet and investors, through investments aligned with the UN SDGs We are committed to supporting the UN SDGs and engage with businesses to encourage their adoption. It is our belief that the enduring success of companies is intertwined with that of the economies, communities and environments in which they operate. Visit www.hermes-investment.com The value of investments and the income from them can fall as well as rise and you may not get back the original amount invested. For Professional Investors only. Issued and approved by Hermes Investment Management Limited which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered address: Sixth fl oor, 150 Cheapside, London EC2V 6ET. Telephone calls will be recorded for training and monitoring purposes. Hermes.indd0005957_SDG_Engagement_Fund_Press_276x210.indd 1 1 03/06/201910/04/2019 22:0113:58 CONTENTS 3 Contents FOREWORDS 20 What to expect from the new champions Where action by national governments on SDG 8 The 2030 Agenda: our answer to the naysayers implementation is lacking, can others fill the void? By María Fernanda Espinosa, By Adriana Erthal Abdenur President, 73rd session, United Nations General Assembly 24 Human development and the SDGs 10 Cooperation can change everything UNDP’s Human Development Report turns 30 next year. By Achim Steiner, Administrator, We reflect on how it can continue to help global development United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in a landscape dominated by the SDGs. By Pedro Conceição 27 Upwardly mobile INTRODUCTION With the right policy interventions, developing countries can stimulate educational and economic mobility. 12 Globalism on trial By Ambar Narayan and Roy van der Weide By Fred Carver, Head of Policy, United Nations Association – UK 30 Inclusive economies To be sustainable, economies must allow all people to benefit from development. By Dirk Willem te Velde UNIVERSAL GOALS 33 Multilateralism under threat 16 Countering populism The SDGs came out of and rely on multilateral enterprise. Transformation is the only response to populism. The SDGs The efforts of some to sabotage the multilateral institutions are the roadmap. By Jonathan Glennie pose a real threat. By Louis Charbonneau SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2019 4 CONTENTS 36 Resilient institutions Bribery and corruption divert money away from development. 84 Although the Global South pays the highest price, the Global North is not immune and is often a party to corruption elsewhere. By Patricia Moreira 39 The IMF, World Bank and SDGs The SDGs have required a thorough reassessment of the way the Bretton Woods Institutions operate. Are they still relevant, and what role should they play to advance the SDGs? By Pallavi Roy 42 Demographic dividends Policies based on an understanding of population dynamics will help countries achieve the SDGs. By Sang-Hyop Lee and Andrew Mason SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY 44 From crisis to growth A decade on from the global financial crisis, most economies still show their scars. Has the global economy recovered, and how well equipped is it to attain the SDGs and inclusive growth? By Valerie Cerra 48 A Green New Deal If done right, the Green New Deal offers a blueprint for 55 action to combat climate change. By Edward B. Barbier 52 A new economy for all With levels of inequality rising across the world, we need a new approach for people and planet. By Katherine Trebeck 55 A new business case How can companies embed sustainability into their operations while also delivering ongoing returns for their investors? By Robert G. Eccles 60 Unequal under the law Too many countries enshrine different legal rights for men and women. Why is this, and how can we rid legal systems of this long-standing prejudice? By Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka 62 Fair tax for development Recent high-profile tax avoidance and evasion cases suggest an urgent need for international tax reform. By Martin Hearson 66 Filling the finance gap The evidence shows that public funding for the SDGs is well below what is needed. Private investment can help fill the gap but isn’t a substitute for public funds and isn’t compatible with all development needs. By Vanessa Fajans-Turner SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2019 CONTENTS 5 NATURAL RESOURCES 88 Aligning SDG and climate action Perhaps the biggest threat to the 2030 Agenda is climate change. The SDGs will be unattainable if climate change is not urgently addressed. By Liu Zhenmin 92 A positive way out The SDGs address the challenges brought about by today’s global economy. Moving from a linear to a circular model will contribute to achieving the Goals. By Ellen MacArthur 94 Making every drop count Increasing levels of water stress are pitting the demands of business against individuals and country against country. By Maria Helena Semedo 98 Feeding the world 52 How can we produce enough food for an ever-expanding population without causing irreversible environmental 69 Responsible investment means action and damage? By Florencia Montagnini and Kjell E. Berg accountability The initiative between Climate Action 100+ and Royal Dutch 102 Natural development Shell has demonstrated the potential power of investors. All How nature-based solutions can help deliver the SDGs. asset owners committed to responsible investing must exercise By Andrew Steer and Fiona McRaith shareholder power in support of the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. By Adam Matthews and Rory Sullivan POLITICS OF SUSTAINABILITY 74 Supporting a healthy population Sustainable development and healthy populations go hand in 106 Making the case for human rights hand. How can countries across the development spectrum Without a step change in action to protect human rights, we ensure their health systems deliver healthcare for all? will not achieve the SDGs. By Michelle Bachelet By Devi Sridhar and Lauren McGivern 78 Health before intellectual property Is current patent law incompatible with promoting wellbeing 60 for all? By Hu Yuan Qiong 81 Training the next generation How can we adapt apprenticeships for 21st-century labour markets? By Viktoria Kis 84 Revitalising trade In the face of barriers and protectionism, the multilateral trade rulebook needs to be revised to ensure that it can deliver its full development potential. By Mukhisa Kituyi 86 Moving people, moving minds The rise in anti-immigration sentiment in parts of the world highlights the policy challenge: to ensure migration generates clear benefits for countries both sending and receiving migrants. By Costanza Biavaschi SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2019 6 CONTENTS 110 The right to learn Access to quality education remains an elusive dream for THANK YOU TO OUR SUPPORTERS millions of children and young people across the Middle East and North Africa. How can we transform this dream into UNA-UK thanks the following organisations for their reality? By Henrietta Fore generous support for Sustainable Development Goals, without which its publication would not be possible: 112 Partnerships for resilience Humanitarian aid is the developed world’s laudable yet Article 25 109 unsustainable response to natural disasters. We need to transfer these skills and expertise to bring resilience to the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles 58-59, 96, 124 most at-risk countries. By Mark Lowcock Hermes Investment Management 2, 72-73 115 Fragile development Are the SDGs fit for purpose to enable sustainable International Seed Federation 101 development in fragile contexts? By Susan L. Woodward Islamic Corporation for the 32, 51 118 Migration to advance human development outcomes Development of the Private Sector The Global Compact for Migration, signed in Marrakech in December 2018, lays the ground for international migration Liechtenstein Bankers Association 64-65 governance. By Cécile Riallant Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) 19 120 Time to act We need to reset civic participation and drive grassroots Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz 23 leadership for the Sustainable Development Goals. International Prize for Water By Lysa John RBC Global Asset Management 7 122 About us The role of UNA-UK 118 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2019 HNW_NRG_A_Bleed_Mask Helping clients thrive and communities prosper As a purpose-led organisation we believe that how we work is just as important as what we do. At RBC Global Asset Management, we help our clients meet their financial goals by delivering sustainable, long-term value creation through active stewardship and the full consideration of relevant environment, social and governance (ESG) factors. Visit global.rbcgam.com or email us at [email protected] To learn more about how we measure our impact see: https://www.rbc.com/community-social-impact/ Provided by RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited, part of RBC Global Asset Management. RBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. This is not a solicitation to buy or sell any security or other financial instrument or to participate in any investment strategy and should not be construed as tax or legal advice. ®/™ Trademark(s) of Royal Bank of Canada. RBC.indd 1 04/06/2019 23:16 8 FOREWORD The 2030 Agenda: our answer to the naysayers The Global Goals are the key to addressing the challenges we face, from climate change to rising nationalist sentiment © imageBROKER/Alamy Stock Photo Stock © imageBROKER/Alamy SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2019 FOREWORD 9 By María Fernanda Espinosa, The structural causes of these inequalities, equally. We have reaffirmed that we President, 73rd session, meanwhile, are yet to be addressed. I often cannot overcome the challenges we face United Nations General Assembly refer to the 2030 Agenda as something very – or leverage the opportunities we have – close to a ‘global Green New Deal’.