Die Römische Stadt Ulpia Eskus in Bulgarien

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ERDF PP3 POSTS 1-3 - ÜBERSETZUNG PP3 Bulgarian Economic Forum, Sofia Die Römische Stadt Ulpia Eskus in Bulgarien Die alte Kolonie-Stadt Ulpia Eskus wurde in der Umgebung des Dorfes Gigen in der bulgarischen Gemeinde Gulyantsi entdeckt. Ulpia Escus wurde vermutlich in der Zeit von 106 bis 109 auf den Überresten des Lagers der IV. Skythen- und der V. Mazedonischen Legionen gegründet. In den gefolgten Jahren erfuhr die Stadt eine rege Entwicklung, wobei mehrere Straßen und Routen gebaut wurden, um der Armee, der Verwaltung sowie dem Handel eine günstige Logistik zu gewähren. In diesem Zuge erhielt die Stadt nach einem der Siege vom Kaiser Mark Ulpius Trajan (Kaiser von 98 bis 107) über die Daker den Status einer Kolonie. Abb. 1: Archäologischer Reservat in Ulpia Eskus (Quelle: Das Regionale Historische Museum in Pleven) Ausgrabungen und Rekonstruktionen zeigen, dass Ulpia Escus aus planerischer Sicht typische römische Merkmale aufwies, nämlich eine rechteckige Grundform sowie senkrecht zueinander stehende Straßen in Ost-West- und Nord-Süd-Richtung. Dabei waren die Straßen mit Steinplatten bedeckt, unter denen sich ein Wasserversorgungssystem und Abwasserkanäle befanden. Es wird vermutet, dass die Gesamtfläche der Stadt etwa 28 Hektar umfassen konnte. Die Stadt war in ihrer Blütezeit unter der Herrschaft von Kaiser Konstantin dem Großen (306- 337) auch im 4. Jahrhundert . Damals gab es am Donauufer eine große Stein-Holz-Brücke zwischen Ulpia Oescus in der Nähe des Dorfes Gigen und der römischen Festung Sucidava (Corabia). Später bekam die Stadt jedoch die Forgen der Großen Völkerwanderung der 4. – 6. Jahrhunderte zu spüren, allen voran barbarische Invasionen aus dem Norden. So wurde die Stadt in 447 von Attilas Hunnen erobert. In 586 zerstörten und niederbrannten Awaren Ulpia Eskus. 1 www.interreg-danube.eu/approved-projects/ister ERDF PP3 POSTS 1-3 - ÜBERSETZUNG Heutzutage ist Ulpia Escus ein archäologisches Reservat, in dem die Überreste von Straßen, Tempeln und einer großen zivilen Basilika gesehen werden können. Zum Reservat gehören ebenfalls ein Forumkomplex, ein Tempel der Kapitolinischen Dreifaltigkeit (Jupiter, Juno und Minerva) sowie öffentliche Gebäude und Bäder. Abb. 2: Überreste des Forums der römischen Stadt Ulpia Eskus (Quelle: Das Regionale Historische Museum in Pleven) 2 www.interreg-danube.eu/approved-projects/ister .

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