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Aden History
10/14/2016 Aden History ﺃﺳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺭﻳﺭ Editors: ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﻋﺑﺩﷲ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺭﻱ Dr. A. Al Sayyari (Saudi Arabia) Dr. Shihab Ghanem ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻏﺎﻧﻡ (UAE) ﺃﻻﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ) Dhow symbol which Ashraf Girgrah was incorporated (Canada) ﺃﺷﺭﻑ ﺟﺭﺟﺭﻩ into the Union Jack to form Aden Colony flag. Design : Ashraf Girgrah ﺃﺷﺭﻑ ﺟﺭﺟﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺍﻻﺧﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ Last update Oct. 2016 Search Query ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ Contact address: [email protected] Search European Time A short history of Aden Colony 18391967 The first European to give a first hand description on Aden at the beginning of the 16th century, was the Italian Ludovico di Varthema. He writes: "Aden is such mighty and powerful that I have hardly seen another city of its might during my life . all big ships anchor at the port coming from India Ethiopia or Sira Isalnd harbour in 1512. Persia".(1) www.philipsharpegallery.com Copper line engraving showing the earliest view of Aden first published by Braun and Hogenberg in Cologne 1572. An ancient trade center, the city of Aden was under Egyptian control British Navy squadron from the 3rd century BC until it became a Roman colony in 24 BC. It invading Aden in 1839. fell successively under Ethiopian and Persian control and became associated with Yemen about the 7th century AD. It fell to the Turks in Captain Haines, first 1538 and was incorporated into the Sultanate of Lahej in 1728. Under British Agent the rule of the Sultan of Lahej, Aden had declined to a small fishing appointee after invading village with only 600 inhabitants.(2) Aden on January In 1838, Sultan Muhsin bin Fadl ceded 75 square miles 194 (sq. -
Challenges to Humanitarian Action During Decolonization
International Review of the Red Cross (2016), 97 (897/898), 45–76. Principles guiding humanitarian action doi:10.1017/S1816383115000636 Humanitarian principles put to the test: Challenges to humanitarian action during decolonization Andrew Thompson* Andrew Thompson is Professor of Modern History at the University of Exeter and Director of Exeter’s Centre for Imperial and Global History, a Council Member of the Arts and Humanities Research Council, and an Honorary Professor at the University of South Africa in Pretoria. Abstract This article examines the meaning and purpose of the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement during and after decolonization. This was a period when the character of conflict experienced far-reaching changes, when the limitations of international humanitarian law were sharply exposed, and when humanitarian organizations of all kinds – the International Committee of the Red Cross included – redefined their missions and mandates. The Fundamental Principles were caught up in these processes; subject to a resurgent State sovereignty, they were both animated and constrained by the geopolitical forces of the era. The article pays particular attention to the politicization of the Principles in the contexts of colonial counter-insurgency, political detention and transfers of power. * This article draws on research in the archives of the British Red Cross Society in London and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Geneva. I am grateful to Jean-Luc Blondel, Fabrizio Bensi, Paul Castella, Geoff Loane, Jacques Moreillon and Daniel Palmieri for their guidance and advice on the history of the ICRC. © icrc 2015 45 A. Thompson Keywords: Fundamental Principles, Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Geneva Conventions, decolonization, forced resettlement, liberation movements, colonial counter-insurgency, political detention. -
UK and Colonies
This document was archived on 27 July 2017 UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949, the principal form of nationality was British subject status, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the Crown's dominions. On and after this date, the main form of nationality was citizenship of the UK and Colonies, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the UK and Colonies. 2. Meaning of the expression 2.1 On 1 January 1949, all the territories within the Crown's dominions came within the UK and Colonies except for the Dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Newfoundland, India, Pakistan and Ceylon (see "DOMINIONS") and Southern Rhodesia, which were identified by s.1(3) of the BNA 1948 as independent Commonwealth countries. Section 32(1) of the 1948 Act defined "colony" as excluding any such country. Also excluded from the UK and Colonies was Southern Ireland, although it was not an independent Commonwealth country. 2.2 For the purposes of the BNA 1948, the UK included Northern Ireland and, as of 10 February 1972, the Island of Rockall, but excluded the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which, under s.32(1), were colonies. 2.3 The significance of a territory which came within the UK and Colonies was, of course, that by virtue of a connection with such a territory a person could become a CUKC. Persons who, prior to 1 January 1949, had become British subjects by birth, naturalisation, annexation or descent as a result of a connection with a territory which, on that date, came within the UK and Colonies were automatically re- classified as CUKCs (s.12(1)-(2)). -
The Portuguese Colonization and the Problem of East Timorese Nationalism
Ivo Carneiro de SOUSA, Lusotopie 2001 : 183-194 The Portuguese Colonization and the Problem of East Timorese Nationalism hen we speak about East Timor, what precisely are we talking about ? Half an island located on the easternmost tip of the Archipelago of the Lesser Sunda Islands, near Australia and New W 2 Guinea, 19 000 km in area, a fifth of the size of Portugal, with approximately 800,000 inhabitants. The territory’s process of decolonization was brutally interrupted in 1975 by a prolonged and violent colonial occupation by Indonesia, which was definitively rejected and dissolved by the referendum of August 1999. It was then followed by brutal violence, terminating with the intervention of the United Nations, which came to administer the transition process to independence, still undeclared but increasingly a reality with the recent elections for the Constituent Assembly, clearly won by Fretilin. Unquestionably, East Timor has became an important issue in political discourse, particularly in Portugal. All expressions of solidarity, with their groups and influences, each with their own motivations and causes, have revealed a growing interest in the East Timorese problem. Consequently, the territory became the object of concern for international politics and solidarities. However, research in social sciences has been lacking. Scientific studies in the fields of history, sociology, anthropology or economics are extremely rare, something which can be largely explained by the difficulty in obtaining free access to the territory of East Timor during the period of the Indonesian occupation, a situation which has yet to be overcome because of the enormous difficulties in organising the reconstruction of a devastated and disorganised territory, confronted with international aid which transports economies, inflation and even social behaviours practically unknown to the local populations. -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
GENERAL AGREEMENT on L/344/Corr.1 9 March 1955
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON L/344/Corr.1 TARIFFS AND TRADE 9 March 1955 Limited Distribution CONTRACTING PARTIES Ninth Session SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF DEPENDENT OVERSEAS TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Report by Working Party on Dependent Overseas Territories Corrigendum Page 1. para 2. In the quotation of the proposal of the United Kingdom delegation (L/296) the third line should read: "of a dependent territory for whose external relations it is responsible, ..." Page 3. para 6. In the third line before the end of that paragraph the words "in large measure" should be deleted. Page 4. The heading before paragraph 10 should read: "Wholly or in large measure dependent on the United Kingdom as a market" thus conforming the phraseology used in the Decision in Annex I on page 8, second paragraph of the preamble, and page 9 in paragraph 2(a). Page 12. Replace the Annex II by the following: L/344/Corr.1 Page 2 ANNEX II DEPENDENT OVERSEAS TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (as of 5 March 1955) AFRICAN GROUP ATLANTIC AND INDIAN OCEAN GROUP Gambia Bahamas Gold Coast Bermuda Togoland (under U.K. Trusteeship) Falkland Islands Nigeria St. Helena Cameroons (under U.K. Trusteeship) Ascension Sierra Leone Tristan da Cunha Somaliland Protectorate Aden (Colony and Protectorate) Kenya Mauritius and Dependencies Uganda Seychelles Tanganyika Zanzibar and Pemba MEDITERRANEAN GROUP Basutoland Bechuanaland Protectorate Cyprus Swaziland Gibraltar Malta and Gozo EASTERN GROUP WESTERN PACIFIC GROUP Federation of Malaya Fiji Singapore British Solomon Brunei Islands Protectorate Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony North Borneo New Hebrides Sarawak Pitcairn Hong Kong Tonga WEST INDIES GROUP Barbados British Guiana British Honduras Jamaica Cayman Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Leeward Islands: Antigua Montserrat St. -
From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Oper
From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Oper... http://www.history.ac.uk/resources/e-journal-international-history/maw... Home » Publications » Electronic Journal of International History Electronic Journal of International History - Article 5 ISSN 1471-1443 Introduction | Contents From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Operations in Southwest Arabia 1955-67 by Spencer Mawby Department of Politics, University of Leicester, UK 1. During the post-1945 era British political and military leaders switched their attention from the conduct of a total war to the prosecution of small wars in defence of imperial commitments around the world. The history of counter-insurgency campaigns in Malaya, Kenya and Cyprus provide evidence for the notion that British post-war leaders remained wedded to the global role despite the existence of new commitments on the continent of Europe. The purposes of Britains late colonial wars varied but as a minimum they had as their aim the establishment of sufficient order for the smooth hand-over of power to local elites sympathetic to western interests. By this criterion the least successful of all these small wars was fought in Southwest Arabia. In the town of Aden and the surrounding Protectorates British determination to maintain their interests came into conflict with the sudden emergence of an active independence movement fuelled by the post-Suez growth of Arab nationalism. During the course of the late 1950s and 1960s Aden became the site of a campaign of urban terrorism in which opposition groups fought with the British and each other. Outside the town in the Western Aden Protectorate (WAP) tribal rebellions began to take the form of nationalist uprisings. -
Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts
Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Imprint Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Publisher: German Museums Association Contributing editors and authors: Working Group on behalf of the Board of the German Museums Association: Wiebke Ahrndt (Chair), Hans-Jörg Czech, Jonathan Fine, Larissa Förster, Michael Geißdorf, Matthias Glaubrecht, Katarina Horst, Melanie Kölling, Silke Reuther, Anja Schaluschke, Carola Thielecke, Hilke Thode-Arora, Anne Wesche, Jürgen Zimmerer External authors: Veit Didczuneit, Christoph Grunenberg Cover page: Two ancestor figures, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea, about 1900, © Übersee-Museum Bremen, photo: Volker Beinhorn Editing (German Edition): Sabine Lang Editing (English Edition*): TechniText Translations Translation: Translation service of the German Federal Foreign Office Design: blum design und kommunikation GmbH, Hamburg Printing: primeline print berlin GmbH, Berlin Funded by * parts edited: Foreword, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Background Information 4.4, Recommendations 5.2. Category 1 Returning museum objects © German Museums Association, Berlin, July 2018 ISBN 978-3-9819866-0-0 Content 4 Foreword – A preliminary contribution to an essential discussion 6 1. Introduction – An interdisciplinary guide to active engagement with collections from colonial contexts 9 2. Addressees and terminology 9 2.1 For whom are these guidelines intended? 9 2.2 What are historically and culturally sensitive objects? 11 2.3 What is the temporal and geographic scope of these guidelines? 11 2.4 What is meant by “colonial contexts”? 16 3. Categories of colonial contexts 16 Category 1: Objects from formal colonial rule contexts 18 Category 2: Objects from colonial contexts outside formal colonial rule 21 Category 3: Objects that reflect colonialism 23 3.1 Conclusion 23 3.2 Prioritisation when examining collections 24 4. -
UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949
UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949, the principal form of nationality was British subject status, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the Crown's dominions. On and after this date, the main form of nationality was citizenship of the UK and Colonies, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the UK and Colonies. 2. Meaning of the expression 2.1 On 1 January 1949, all the territories within the Crown's dominions came within the UK and Colonies except for the Dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Newfoundland, India, Pakistan and Ceylon (see "DOMINIONS") and Southern Rhodesia, which were identified by s.1(3) of the BNA 1948 as independent Commonwealth countries. Section 32(1) of the 1948 Act defined "colony" as excluding any such country. Also excluded from the UK and Colonies was Southern Ireland, although it was not an independent Commonwealth country. 2.2 For the purposes of the BNA 1948, the UK included Northern Ireland and, as of 10 February 1972, the Island of Rockall, but excluded the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which, under s.32(1), were colonies. 2.3 The significance of a territory which came within the UK and Colonies was, of course, that by virtue of a connection with such a territory a person could become a CUKC. Persons who, prior to 1 January 1949, had become British subjects by birth, naturalisation, annexation or descent as a result of a connection with a territory which, on that date, came within the UK and Colonies were automatically re- classified as CUKCs (s.12(1)-(2)). -
A 5078 Add-2-EN.Pdf
NAilONS ouNtTED Di6tr. GENERAL ffiNEAAL A/roTj/Add,.2 A S S E M B LY 2r wrcin ]!962 ORIGUVAL: EI{GLISE Sle veateentb sesEton INFORMAEf0N FR0M I{0N-SEI;F-GoVERMiVG TEBBITORISS: S1JI,4!D,RIES 0F INFoRMATION TAANSMITIED UNDEB ARIICLE 7l e OF TES CEARIIER 0F . gHE UNITED IYATIONS BEPOBT OF TEE SECRETARY- GENENAL AI'BICAN AND ADJACENT TENRITORTES IEges Aden + Zanzlhat 10 o 62-or8a2 :, J..t i-iA / L.1a .) nr:91-ish Page 2 ;a NOfE The follovtng synbols are used: Three dots data not avallabLe Da sh t-l nagnitude ntl or Degllgibl-e Sleish Lg59/1"960 cr:Op or financia]. year: L959-L95o eu4uEr! cvsreSs LIST OF As3REVTATIOA*S I'AO . Food- and. Agriculture Organizatton of the Unlted Nations til\Tsco Unlted. Nations Educatlonal, Sclenttflc end Cultural n vf -^^*J5e!t4q -^+ruru! ^- UNICSX Unlted. Nations Childrenr s Fund liuo . I{orld- Heelth Organlzatioa L. /qn'74 /LaA , Eng]-l €h Face t ATRICAN AND ADJACEI\T IEBRITOTIES I P?afo ^^ Ia accordance vlth @neral AssernbJ.y resol-utlon 2IB (III) of J November 1948r the secretary-ccneral 6ubnd.ts to the c€neral AssembJ-y, at lts eeventeenth sessionrV fulL sunfiaries of laforratron fo" the Jrear 1960 on the Non-self-Governlng f,errltories lleted below. fhe eurnnarles are baBed on lnforuation transnltted to the secreta]y-GenelaL by tb.e GoverDeent of the untted Klngdom of Great Britain and Northern rrel-and in aceordance rdth Arttcle 71 e of the cha"ter of the ualted lyatlong. Tixe tast voLutre of full suuneries va6 lncof,porated in the ten-year Bogress Report (r/+7-1957)..1^l Inforuation for the year t96& vas tr€nsnttted to the Secxetary-ceneral- by tbe Unlted Kingdon l,11s6lon to the United MatlonE oo the foJ.Lovlng dates3 Terrttory Date of transnleslon Aden . -
REFUGEES REGISTRY No
A R C H IV E S 1933-1940 SOCIÉTÉ DES NATIONS LEAGUE OF NATIONS. REFUGEES REGISTRY No J)t>3sr b e n e r a L 1 2 2 2 2 '?yrO 2 0 ' (i cÆikJcii ^ Transmis à Transmis à Transmis à Date Date Date Referred to Referred to Referred to V--XJV ^ ,w y 2 i cL-OsO^i A , / ' h u r M& : . ■ ÎF4 < r ^ 1 pp *"' ••/ • d 'j£, z4 * < :J I V - ✓ - U) i fyth v //•*" £ \% iU L £ _ % ■ ->/>V 7 im *VW\UMW\J 3V.f3A H.îj tix^,iyfC^ "V- '».V> tî- 9^ ^ - $ ^ p t'%*>'> 5^.,'C.X Dossier précédent I , n , <j/ 'IsjA^Uyk M l i l l H Last Dossier 1 ^ ■ / / / . f t ■ Dossier suivant I y » , K, . „ , } No. ZtOdur Next Dossier 1 'Jh.eti k(trhuJp . V II.Jl Dossiers connexes : CuvCu1k>/v i if7//, >^. See also : > '7 A\ dr*} o /12222y#j5" FOREIGN OFFICE, S.W. 1. (W 4760/368/98) 28th June, 1934. A Sir, to your letter No. C.L# 66(a) 1934 of the 12th May, I am directed by Secretary Sir John Simon to inform you that he observes that the Convention regarding the International Status of Hefugees, concluded at Geneva on the 28th October, 1933, appears to have been drawn up and signed in the French language only. He would be much obliged if you would kindly inform him whether there are any special circumstances which have led in this case to the departure from the usual practice of drawing up multilateral agreements to be concluded under the auspices of the League or Nations in the French and Knglisn languages. -
Dept. of State, 1910
National Archives and Records Administration 8601 Adelphi Road College Park, Maryland 20740-6001 DEPARTMENT OF STATE 1910-1963 Central Decimal File Country Numbers Country Country Country Country Notes Number Number Number 1910-1949 1950-1959 1960-1963 Abaco Island 44e 41f 41e Abdul Quiri 46a 46c 46c Island Abyssinia 84 75 75 Discontinued 1936. Restored 1942. Acklin Island 44e 41f 41f Adaels 51v 51v 51v Aden (colony and 46a 46c 46c protectorate) Adrar 52c 52c 52c Afghanistan 90h 89 89 Africa 80 70 70 Aland Islands 60d 60e 60e Also see "Scandinavia." Alaska 11h Discontinued 1959. See 11. Albania 75 67 67 Alberta 42g Generally not used. See 42. Algeria 51r 51s 51s Alhucemas 52f 52f 52f America. Pan- 10 America American Samoa 11e 11e 11e Amhara 65d 77 Beginning 1936. For prior years see 65a, 65b, and 84. Discontinued 1960. See 75. Amsterdam 51x 51x 51x Island Andaman Islands 45a 46a 46a Andorra 50c 50c 50c Andros Island 44e 41f 41f Anglo-Egyptian 48z 45w Prior to May 1938, see 83. Sudan Angola 53m 53n 53n Anguilla 44k 41k Discontinued January 1958. See 41j. Annam 51g 51g 51g Annobon 52e 52e 52e Antarctic 02 02 Antigua 44k 41k Discontinued January 1958. See 41j. Country Country Country Country Notes Number Number Number 1910-1949 1950-1959 1960-1963 Arab 86 86 League/Arab States Arabia 90b 86 86 Arctic 01 Discontinued 1955. See 03. Arctic 03 03 Beginning 1955. Argentine 35 35 35 Republic/ Argentina Armenia 60j Discontinued. See 61. Aruba 56b 56b 56b Ascension Island 49f 47f 47f Asia 90 90 90 Austral Islands 51n 51p 51p Australasia and 51y Established 1960.