DOCSLIB.ORG

Download (7MB)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download (7MB) Cairns, John William (1976) The strength of lapped joints in reinforced concrete columns. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1472/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] THE STRENGTHOF LAPPEDJOINTS IN REINFORCEDCONCRETE COLUMNS by J. Cairns, B. Sc. A THESIS PRESENTEDFOR THE DEGREEOF DOCTOROF PHILOSOPHY Y4 THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW by JOHN CAIRNS, B. Sc. October, 1976 3 !ý I CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEIvIENTS 1 SUMMARY 2 NOTATION 4 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 7 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Bond s General 10 2.2 Anchorage Tests 12" 2.3 Tension Lapped Joints 17 2.4 Compression Lapped Joints 21 2.5 End Bearing 26 2.6 Current Codes of Practice 29 Chapter 3 THEORETICALSTUDY OF THE STRENGTHOF LAPPED JOINTS 3.1 Review of Theoretical Work on Bond Strength 32 3.2 Theoretical Studies of Ultimate Bond Strength 33 3.3 Theoretical Approach 42 3.4 End Bearing 48 3.5 Bond of Single Bars Surrounded by a Spiral 51 3.6 Lapped Joints 53 3.7 Variation of Steel Stress Through a Lapped Joint 59 3.8 Design of Experiments 65 Chapter 4 DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTALWORK 4.1 General Description of Test Specimens 68 4.2 Materials 72 4.3 Fabrication of Test Specimens 78 4.4 Test Procedure 79 4.5 Instrumentation 80 4.6 Push-in Test Specimens 82 CONTENTScontd. page. Chapter 5 PRESENTATION OF TEST RESULTS 5.1 Joint Behaviour 85 5.2 Analysis of Test Results 92 Chapter 6 DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS 6.1 Introduction 104 6.2 General Behaviour of Lapped Joints 105 6.3 Effect of Bar Deformations 114 6.4 Contribution of End Bearing 114 6.5 Influence of Concrete Strength 118 6.6 Effect of Lap Length 121 6.7 Influence of Secondary Reinforcement 125 Chapter 7 COMPARISONWITH THEORETICALANALYSIS 7.1 Introduction 130 7.2 Push-in Tests 130 7.3 Lapped Joints 133 Chapter 8 COMPARISONWITH EXISTING DESIGN RULES 144 Chapter 9 CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS 154 REFERENCES 157 Appendix A RESULTSOF TRIAXIAL COMPRESSIONTESTS 164 Appendix B STRAINS MEASUREDON REINFORCINGBARS 167 Appendix C SPECIMENCALCULATIONS FOR A TYPICAL COLUMN 168 THE STRENGTH OF LAPPED JOINTS IN REINFORCED CONCRETECOLUMNS by J. Cairns, B. $c. SUMMARY This thesis presents the results of a total of 51 tests on full scale columns in which the main reinforcement was lap jointed. In order to investigate the contribution of the bearing of the ends of the lapped bars to joint strength, several columns. were tested with end bearing of bars eliminated, or with bond of bars elim- inated within the lap length. Failure of lapped-joints was always preceded by extensive splitting of the concrete cover along the line of the lapped bars, and usually took place as the-links at the ends of the lap yielded, thus illustrating the bursting nature of. the bond action of ribbed reinforcing bars. At an early stage of the experimental investigation, it was realised that using the results of standard cube tests would not allow the ultimate strength of lapped joints to be calculated with sufficient accuracy. A method was evolved to calculate the stress- strain curve for the concrete in the column, and to extrapolate this relationship to obtain the ultimate strength of the concrete. The results obtained from the experimental investigation indicate that both the ultimate strength of a short lapped joint confined by links and the net contribution of end bearing to ultimate joint strength vary linearly with concrete compressive strength. Ultimate bond strength was also found to vary linearly with the resistance to splitting of a "push-in" test specimen, and -1- the quantity and positioning of links is shown to influence ultimate joint strength. Ultimate bond strength was also found to be influenced by the projected rib area/unit length of a bar. A theoretical analysis of joint strength, based on the Coulomb- Mohr equation of failure, is also presented. The analysis shows that joint strength may be regarded as having two components, one linearly related to the compressive strength of the concrete, the other linearly related to the available resistance to the bursting forces produced by bond and end bearing. Theoretically derived expressions are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results.. The results of the theoretical and experimental investigations are used to formulate design rules for compression lapped joints. A comparison with the requirements of several current codes of. P. practice is made, and t is shown that the requirements of B. S. C. 110: 1972 may be inadequate in certain cases. It is recommended that increased links be specified at lapped joints. -2- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work described was conducted in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Glasgow., The author is grateful to Dr. P. D. Arthur, Professor H. B. Sutherland and to the late Professor W. T. Marshall for the facilities, advice and encour- agement which they provided, and to the laboratory staff for their interest and assistance.. In. particular, the help of Messrs. J. Thomson, J. Coleman and A. Galt is gratefully acknowledged. The author wishes to thank the Associated Portland Cement Co. for the Scholarship which enabled him to undertake the work. -3- NOTATION Where applicable, the standard symbols of B. B. C. P. 110: 1972(9) have been used. Ar area of one rib of a ribbed deformed bar projected on a plane perpendicular to the bar axis Asv area of one leg of link c concrete cover to reinforcement E secant modulus of elasticity of concrete measured at c500 a strain of 500 x 16-6- P ultimate force available to counteract bursting forces c produced by bond or end bearing of, reinforcing bar Fh bursting force produced in one direction by bond of ribbed deformed bar Ft bursting force produced in one direction by end bearing PP2 forces link by pair of lapped , exerted on one each of a bars fc ultimate compressive strength of concrete in test specimen fý concrete cylinder compressive strength fcf ultimate of concrete at height cj compressive strength gs 'Where strains measured, and through lapped joint respectively. fc ultimate tensile strength of concrete t fsc f upper and lower limits of ultimate stress developed u, I. in compression reinforcement calculated from theoretical analysis hr height of rib above surface of bar core at any point tb length of bar over which bond stresses develop it lap length -4- n no. of turns of wire spiral, or no. of links within lap s' clear spacing between pairs of lapped bars ties in a t spacing of computer model v velocity of ultrasonic pulse in concrete. vg vj velocity of ultrasonic pulse at gauge height, and , through lapped joint V crack width z extension a inclination of failure wedge and failure cone to bar axis angle of cones to bar axis 19 compression b unit cohesion of concrete E strain cc strain in concrete at ultimate compressive stress Eßt strain in concrete at ultimate tensile stress angle of internal friction of concrete ratio of unloaded to loaded area of concrete block angle V Poisson's ratio angle direct stress a'n normal stress on failure surface below -a rib or the end of a bar Cr. bearing stress Crr radial stress on bar. from failure wedge below rib O't stress on plane through middle of cone below end of bar 8- i a, ,d major and minor principal stresses (yd standard deviation shear stress shear strength of concrete 0 diameter of lapped bars 0c diameter of wire spiral in push-in tests -r ratio = F1/ F2 Throughout this thesis, all equations,, are given in S. I. units. w r .. 6_ ." CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The design of lapped joints between reinforcing bars in compression has received little attention in comparison with the large number of investigations conducted on lapped joints between bars in tension, as it has been assumed that it can be based on the results of tests on tension lapped joints. However, this approach ignores the fact that the bearing of the ends of a reinforcing bar in a compression lapped joint may transfer a substantial proportion of the force in the bar. Compression lapped joints are generally necessary in columns at every floor in a multi-storey structure, and are required to develop the full design strength of the reinforcement, as they cannot be positioned where the stress in the reinforcement is low. Considerable savings might therefore be possible if it could be shown that lap-lengths as at present specified by building codes could be reduced with safety. Research in tension lapped joints has shown the importance of the tensile strength of the concrete forming the cover to the. re- inforcement in resisting the bursting forces produced by the bond action of ribbed reinforcing bars.. The tensile strength of concrete in uniaxial tension-is higher than the tensile strength of concrete in biaxial tension-compressiont the stress situation which develops round reinforcement in compression lapped joints. This will reduce bond strength in comparison with tension lapped joints.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How to Juggle the Proof for Every Theorem an Exploration of the Mathematics Behind Juggling
    How to juggle the proof for every theorem An exploration of the mathematics behind juggling Mees Jager 5965802 (0101) 3 0 4 1 2 (1100) (1010) 1 4 4 3 (1001) (0011) 2 0 0 (0110) Supervised by Gil Cavalcanti Contents 1 Abstract 2 2 Preface 4 3 Preliminaries 5 3.1 Conventions and notation . .5 3.2 A mathematical description of juggling . .5 4 Practical problems with mathematical answers 9 4.1 When is a sequence jugglable? . .9 4.2 How many balls? . 13 5 Answers only generate more questions 21 5.1 Changing juggling sequences . 21 5.2 Constructing all sequences with the Permutation Test . 23 5.3 The converse to the average theorem . 25 6 Mathematical problems with mathematical answers 35 6.1 Scramblable and magic sequences . 35 6.2 Orbits . 39 6.3 How many patterns? . 43 6.3.1 Preliminaries and a strategy . 43 6.3.2 Computing N(b; p).................... 47 6.3.3 Filtering out redundancies . 52 7 State diagrams 54 7.1 What are they? . 54 7.2 Grounded or Excited? . 58 7.3 Transitions . 59 7.3.1 The superior approach . 59 7.3.2 There is a preference . 62 7.3.3 Finding transitions using the flattening algorithm . 64 7.3.4 Transitions of minimal length . 69 7.4 Counting states, arrows and patterns . 75 7.5 Prime patterns . 81 1 8 Sometimes we do not find the answers 86 8.1 The converse average theorem . 86 8.2 Magic sequence construction . 87 8.3 finding transitions with flattening algorithm .
    [Show full text]
  • Siteswap-Notes-Extended-Ltr 2014.Pages
    Understanding Two-handed Siteswap http://kingstonjugglers.club/r/siteswap.pdf Greg Phillips, [email protected] Overview Alternating throws Siteswap is a set of notations for describing a key feature Many juggling patterns are based on alternating right- of juggling patterns: the order in which objects are hand and lef-hand throws. We describe these using thrown and re-thrown. For an object to be re-thrown asynchronous siteswap notation. later rather than earlier, it needs to be out of the hand longer. In regular toss juggling, more time out of the A1 The right and lef hands throw on alternate beats. hand means a higher throw. Any pattern with different throw heights is at least partly described by siteswap. Rules C2 and A1 together require that odd-numbered Siteswap can be used for any number of “hands”. In this throws end up in the opposite hand, while even guide we’ll consider only two-handed siteswap; numbers stay in the same hand. Here are a few however, everything here extends to siteswap with asynchronous siteswap examples: three, four or more hands with just minor tweaks. 3 a three-object cascade Core rules (for all patterns) 522 also a three-object cascade C1 Imagine a metronome ticking at some constant rate. 42 two juggled in one hand, a held object in the other Each tick is called a “beat.” 40 two juggled in one hand, the other hand empty C2 Indicate each thrown object by a number that tells 330 a three-object cascade with a hole (two objects) us how many beats later that object must be back in 71 a four-object asynchronous shower a hand and ready to re-throw.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Siteswap Juggling Patterns a Guide for the Perplexed by Greg Phillips, [email protected]
    Understanding Siteswap Juggling Patterns A guide for the perplexed by Greg Phillips, [email protected] Core rules (for all patterns) Synchronous siteswap (simultaneous throws) C1 We imagine a metronome ticking at some constant rate. Some juggling patterns involve both hands throwing at the Each tick is called a “beat.” same time. We describe these using synchronous siteswap. C2 We indicate each thrown object by a number that tells us how many beats later that object must be back in a hand S1 The right and left hands throw at the same time (which and ready to re-throw. counts as two throws) on every second beat. We group C3 We indicate a sequence of throws by a string of numbers the simultaneous throws in parentheses and separate the (plus punctuation and the letter x). We imagine these hands with commas. strings repeat indefinitely, making 531 equivalent to S2 We indicate throws that cross from hand to hand with an …531531531… So are 315 and 153 — can you see x (for ‘xing’). why? C4 The sum of all throw numbers in a siteswap string divided Rules C2 and S1 taken together demand that there be only by the number of throws in the string gives the number of even numbers in valid synchronous siteswaps. Can you see objects in the pattern. This must always be a whole why? The x notation of rule S2 is required to distinguish number. 531 is a three-ball pattern, since (5+3+1)/3 patterns like (4,4) (synchronous fountain) from (4x,4x) equals three; however, 532 cannot be juggled since (synchronous crossing).
    [Show full text]
  • Reprinted from Leatherneck, August, 1987
    The Ugly Angel Memorial Foundation History Newsletter Vol. 2, No.1, Spring 2002 April 15, 1962: HMR(L)-362 Deploys to Soc Trang, RVN There’s a little game I play with myself sometimes. It goes like this; when you were in Vietnam, did it ever occur to you that “such and such” would ever happen in 2002. Well, it never, ever occurred to me, until a year or so ago, that I would ever be writing anything regarding the 40th anniversary of anything, never mind the anniversary of our own squadron being the first USMC tactical unit to deploy to Vietnam. But here it is, brothers. Forty years ago Archie and his Angels lifted off the deck of the USS Princeton and for all practical purposes began the USMC/Vietnam Helicopter experience. The Marine Corps was deeply involved in that conflict for another 11 years, as each of us well know. For most of us, the defining event of our lives occurred during those years. For some, it presented an opportunity to improve our lives and do things we had never imagined. For others, it ruined the life that we had dreamed of, and for some, it simply ended our lives. We all handle our involvement in different ways and that no doubt is how we will react to this important anniversary. The History Project presents this special issue to offer some focus to our thoughts. Within these pages are 3 articles written by 3 of the original “Archie’s Angels.” One is by Archie himself written shortly after his return for the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • (Multiplex) Juggling Sequences
    Enumerating (multiplex) juggling sequences Steve Butler∗ Ron Grahamy Abstract We consider the problem of enumerating periodic σ-juggling sequences of length n for multiplex juggling, where σ is the initial state (or landing schedule) of the balls. We first show that this problem is equivalent to choosing 1's in a specified matrix to guarantee certain column and row sums, and then using this matrix, derive a recursion. This work is a generalization of earlier work of Fan Chung and Ron Graham. 1 Introduction Starting about 20 years ago, there has been increasing activity by discrete mathe- maticians and (mathematically inclined) jugglers in developing and exploring ways of representing various possible juggling patterns numerically (e.g., see [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 14]). Perhaps the most prominent of these is the idea of a juggling sequence (or \siteswap", as it is often referred to in the juggling literature). The idea behind this approach is the following. For a given sequence T = (t1; t2; : : : ; tn) of nonnega- tive integers, we associate a (possible) periodic juggling pattern in which at time i, a ball is thrown so that it comes down at time i + ti. This is to be true for each i; 1 ≤ i ≤ n. Because we assume this is to be repeated indefinitely with period n, then in general, for each i and each k ≥ 0, a ball thrown at time i + kn will come down at time i + ti + kn. The usual assumption made for a sequence T to be a valid juggling sequence is that at no time do two balls come down at the same time.
    [Show full text]
  • Braids and Juggling Patterns Matthew Am Cauley Harvey Mudd College
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont HMC Senior Theses HMC Student Scholarship 2003 Braids and Juggling Patterns Matthew aM cauley Harvey Mudd College Recommended Citation Macauley, Matthew, "Braids and Juggling Patterns" (2003). HMC Senior Theses. 151. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/151 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the HMC Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in HMC Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Braids and Juggling Patterns by Matthew Macauley Michael Orrison, Advisor Advisor: Second Reader: (Jim Hoste) May 2003 Department of Mathematics Abstract Braids and Juggling Patterns by Matthew Macauley May 2003 There are several ways to describe juggling patterns mathematically using com- binatorics and algebra. In my thesis I use these ideas to build a new system using braid groups. A new kind of graph arises that helps describe all braids that can be juggled. Table of Contents List of Figures iii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Siteswap Notation 4 Chapter 3: Symmetric Groups 8 3.1 Siteswap Permutations . 8 3.2 Interesting Questions . 9 Chapter 4: Stack Notation 10 Chapter 5: Profile Braids 13 5.1 Polya Theory . 14 5.2 Interesting Questions . 17 Chapter 6: Braids and Juggling 19 6.1 The Braid Group . 19 6.2 Braids of Juggling Patterns . 22 6.3 Counting Jugglable Braids . 24 6.4 Determining Unbraids . 27 6.4.1 Setting the crossing numbers to zero. 32 6.4.2 The complete system of equations .
    [Show full text]
  • Bering Strait Community Needs Assessment
    Data Book Bering Strait Community Needs Assessment September 2019 Prepared by Prepared for Bering Strait Community Needs Assessment Data Book PREPARED FOR: Kawerak, Inc. September 2019 McDowell Group Anchorage Office 1400 W. Benson Blvd., Suite 510 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 McDowell Group Juneau Office 9360 Glacier Highway, Suite 201 Juneau, Alaska 99801 Website: www.mcdowellgroup.net Bering Strait Community Needs Assessment Data Book McDowell Group Table of Contents Introduction and Methodology ......................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Report Organization ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: Overview of Kawerak, Inc. ............................................................................................... 8 Bering Strait Region .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Overview of Kawerak .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2: Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile .................................................................. 13 Population Overview
    [Show full text]
  • Enumerating Multiplex Juggling Patterns
    Enumerating multiplex juggling patterns Steve Butler∗ Jeongyoon Choiy Kimyung Kimy Kyuhyeok Seoy Abstract Mathematics has been used in the exploration and enumeration of juggling patterns. In the case when we catch and throw one ball at a time the number of possible juggling patterns is well-known. When we are allowed to catch and throw any number of balls at a given time (known as multiplex juggling) the enumeration is more difficult and has only been established in a few special cases. We give a method of using cards related to \embeddings" of ordered partitions to enumerate the count of multiplex juggling sequences, determine these counts for small cases, and establish some combinatorial properties of the set of cards needed. 1 Introduction While mathematics and juggling have existed independently for thousands of years, it has only been in the last thirty years that the mathematics of juggling has become a subject in its own right (for a general introduction see Polster [5]). Several different approaches for describing juggling patterns have been used. The best-known method is siteswap which gives information what to do with the ball that is in your hand at the given moment, in particular how \high" you should throw the ball (see [1]). For theoretical purposes a more useful method is to describe patterns by the use of cards. This was first introduced in the work of Ehrenborg and Readdy [4], and modified by Butler, Chung, Cummings and Graham [2]. These cards work by focusing on looking at the relative order of when the balls will land should we stop juggling at a given moment.
    [Show full text]
  • A/Grca , Z<X)7
    Weapon, Toy, Or Art? The Eskimo Yo-Yo As A Commodified Artic Bola And Marker Of Cultural Identity Item Type Thesis Authors Klistoff, Alysa J. Download date 05/10/2021 09:21:48 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8567 WEAPON, TOY, OR ART? THE ESKIMO YO-YO AS A COMMODIFIED ARCTIC BOLA AND MARKER OF CULTURAL IDENTITY By Alysa J Klistoff RECOMMENDED: DarxOdess, PhD Patty Gray, PhD ^ 7 ^ Maribeth Murray, PI Head, Department of'Anthropology APPROVED: Dean, College of Liberal Arts Dean of the Graduate School A /g rc A , z<x)7 Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1444731 Copyright 2007 by Klistoff, Alysa J. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 1444731 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. WEAPON, TOY, OR ART? THE ESKIMO YO-YO AS A COMMODIFIED ARCTIC BOLA AND MARKER OF CULTURAL IDENTITY A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Alysa J.
    [Show full text]
  • Siteswap Ben's Guide to Juggling Patterns
    Siteswap Ben’s Benjamin Beever ([email protected]) AD2000 Writings on juggling, for: 1) Jugglers 2) Mathematicians 3) Other curious people ABOUT THE BOOK The scientific understanding of ‘air-juggling’ has improved dramatically over the last 2 decades. This book aims to bring the reader right up to the forefront of current knowledge (or pretty close anyway). There are 3 kinds of people who might be reading this (see cover). As far as possible, I wanted to cater for everyone in the same book. Maybe this would help jugglers to appreciate maths, mathematicians to get into juggling, or even non-juggling, non-mathematicians to develop a favourable perception of the juggling game. In order to fulfil this ambition, I have indicated which parts of the text are aimed at a specific kind of reader. Different fonts have been used to indicate the main intended audience. Everyone (with many exceptions) should be able to understand most of the writings for the curious. However, non-jugglers may not be able to envisage the patterns discussed in the jugglers text, and non-mathematicians may find some of the concepts in the technical sections hard to get their grey matter around. I must point out however, that juggling is a fairly complicated business. It can be very hard to understand what’s going on in a juggling pattern when it’s being juggled in front of you, and it’s not always easy to understand on paper. This book introduces ‘Generalised siteswap’ (GS) notation, and shows how most air-juggling patterns can be formalised within the GS framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Madison Area Jugglers Pattern Book V1.2
    Madison Area Jugglers Pattern Book Version 1.2 Juggler Juggler A B Juggler Juggler F C Juggler Juggler E D Welcome to the Madison Area Jugglers Book of patterns, a collection of patterns for intermediate to advanced passers. These patterns are part of our repertoire, and is a good indication of our work. This book was edited by Mike Newton and Steve Otteson with the help of the rest of the Madison Area Jugglers. Our thanks go out to all of the jugglers that we have come in contact with. A lot of patterns that we have come up with would not have been conceived if we had not been with other jugglers. We have tried to give credit to the creators of the patterns, and have indicated when we didn't know. If we have erred in our credits, please let us know. This book of patterns is on the web at www.mwt.net/~otto Madison, Wisconsin, October 1999 Editors' Notes This is an update to the changes made from version 1.0: Seven club patterns for 2 jugglers, Variation of the Pulsar for 3 jugglers, 10-Club Turbo for 3 jugglers, Death From Above for 4, 14-Club Oogle Boogie for 4, Y2K for 4. These changes were made January 12, 2001. This is an update to the changes made from version 1.1: Three pages of an explanation and examples of Dual Passing patterns, Fixed the mistake on the 7-club pattern page. These changes were made March 8, 2001. If you have any questions concerning anything relating to this site, please send us a line via the e-mail address on the web site.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 37: Circus Manipulation
    Unit 37: Circus Manipulation Unit code: H/502/5380 QCF Level 3: BTEC National Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose The aim of this unit is to develop the technical and artistic skills required to create and perform circus manipulation skills. Unit introduction Learning manipulation skills, which include juggling, diabolo, devil sticks, cigar boxes and hats, is a fun and rewarding challenge, and some people find them so gripping that they become completely absorbed in the activities and the challenges they pose. This is an excellent opportunity to improve coordination, discipline and focus which are skills that apply to most performing arts techniques. It is not enough to just carry out the technical skills in a display, so learners will explore how to create a routine that has performance qualities and artistic value. This unit focuses on a range of manipulation skills. Audiences are often impressed by these skills as they cannot imagine how performers are managing to do what they are doing. As well as using these skills to create stand-alone acts, they can be incorporated into dance, musical and physical theatre performances. By developing an understanding of how to use the techniques within a performance and how to create such a routine learners will have acquired an exciting new range of skills. Circus skills are found to be an appealing challenge as the outcomes are easily measurable. A newly-learned skill is a clear indication of the progress that learners have made. As well as learning new skills within this unit, learners will experiment with applying these skills within performance material and will develop an understanding of the equipment that is used.
    [Show full text]