DOCSLIB.ORG

Agro-Morphological Characterization of Some Wild Wheat (Aegilops L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Agro-Morphological Characterization of Some Wild Wheat (Aegilops L Turk J Agric For 30 (2006) 387-398 © TÜB‹TAK Agro-Morphological Characterization of Some Wild Wheat (Aegilops L. and Triticum L.) Species Alptekin KARAGÖZ, Necmi P‹LANALI, Turgay POLAT Central Research Institute for Field Crops, P.O. Box: 226, 06042 Ankara - TURKEY Received: 20.03.2006 Abstract: Wild wheat (Aegilops L. and Triticum L.) populations were collected from different regions of Turkey and characterized for 5 basic traits, in order to study their agro-morphological characteristics and variation among populations. Material of the study consisted of 112 populations of wild wheat and 12 populations of cultivated wheat. Cultivated einkorn (T. monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) and cultivated emmer (T. turgidum L. subsp. dicoccon (Shrank) Thell.) were used as checks for Triticum species. Among the Aegilops material studied, Ae. tauschii Coss. var. meyeri (Griseb. ex Ledeb.) has not been defined in the flora of Turkey before and is characterized agromorphologically for the first time in this study. Materials were transplanted to Haymana-Ankara Research Farm of the Central Research Institute for Field Crops after being germinated in a greenhouse in fall 2002. Populations were characterized for plant height, number of days to heading, growth habit, number of stems per plant and spike length. All observations and measurements were performed on the same randomly selected plants. Mean values and coefficient of variation were computed for all the populations. The highest variation was recorded for number of stems, while the lowest was for plant habit. Clusters based on a Euclidian similarity matrix ranked the species according to the sections they are located in. Considerable variation was observed, even between populations collected from nearby sites. It was concluded that existing ex-situ conservation programs should take into consideration that fact by sampling over short distances in order to capture as much of the variation as possible. Key Words: Wild wheat, Aegilops, Triticum, characterization, variation Kimi Yabani Bu¤day (Aegilops L. ve Triticum L.) Türlerinin Agro-Morfolojik Karakterizasyonu Özet: Yabani bu¤day (Aegilops L. ve Triticum L) populasyonlar› Türkiye’nin de¤iflik bölgelerinden toplanarak, befl temel özelli¤i ve populasyonlar aras› farkl›l›klar› ortaya koymak amac›yla agro-morfolojik yönden karakterize edilmifltir. Bu¤day›n 112 yabani ve 12 kültür örne¤i bu çal›flman›n materyalini oluflturmufltur. Yabani siyez (T. monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) ve yabani gernik (T. turgidum L. subsp. dicoccon (Shrank) Thell.) örnekleri, Triticum türleri için kontrol olarak kullan›lm›flt›r. Materyal içinde yer alan Ae. tauschii Coss. var. meyeri (Griseb. ex Ledeb.) türü Türkiye’nin floras›nda daha önce tan›mlanmam›fl olup ilk kez bu çal›flmayla agromorfolojik karakterizasyonu yap›lm›flt›r. Tohum örnekleri 2002 y›l› sonbahar›nda serada çimlendirildikten sonra, Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araflt›rma Enstitüsü’nün Haymana’daki Araflt›rma ve Üretme Çiftli¤ine dikilmifltir. Populasyonlar bitki boyu, baflaklanma gün say›s›, geliflme formu, bitki bafl›na sap say›s› ve baflak uzunluklar› bak›m›ndan karakterize edilmifltir. Tüm ölçüm ve gözlemler, rastgele seçilen 5 bitki üzerinde yürütülmüfltür. Her populasyon için ortalamalar ve varyasyon katsay›lar› hesaplanm›flt›r. En yüksek de¤iflim katsay›s› sap say›s›nda, en düflü¤ü ise geliflme formunda bulunmufltur. Kümeleme Analizi türlerin kendi özel gruplar›nda yer ald›¤›n› göstermifl, birbirine çok yak›n alanlardan toplanan örnekler aras›nda bile farkl›l›klar oldu¤u saptanm›flt›r. Bu durumda ex-situ koruma programlar›n›n mümkün olan en genifl varyasyonu yakalayabilmeleri için k›sa mesafelerde örnekleme yapmalar›n›n gerekli oldu¤u sonucuna var›lm›flt›r. Anahtar Sözcükler: Yabani bu¤day, Aegilops, Triticum, karakterizasyon, de¤iflim * Correspondence to: [email protected] 387 Agro-Morphological Characterization of Some Wild Wheat (Aegilops L. and Triticum L.) Species Introduction has also been a matter of discussion among scientists. It Rapid changes in climatic and environmental was claimed by Dvorák (1998) that the B genome is conditions constitute significant threats to cultivated related to the genome of Ae. speltoides. Recently, Gitte et crops for adaptation to newly emerging conditions. Due al. (2006) declared that the hitherto enigmatic B genome to universal problems such as air and soil pollution, is derived from Ae. speltoides and the A genome is depletion of the ozone layer, and global warming, it is derived from T. urartu. There is full consensus on the inevitable that popular cultivars of today are not likely to donor of the D genome, which is Ae. tauschii (Kimber and be able to cope with these challenges in the near future. Feldman, 1987; Waines, 1997; Gitte et al., 2006). Stress conditions played a major role in the evolution of The genus Aegilops (except Aegilops mutica Boiss.) living things. Wild relatives of cultivated crops that have consists of 5 sections: Sitopsis (6 spp.), Aegilops (8 spp.), been sustaining under intensive stress conditions for Vertebrata (5 spp.), Cylindropyrum (2 spp.) and thousand of years, by modifying themselves to adapt to Comopyrum (2 spp.) (Van Slageren, 1994). newly emerging conditions, constitute a considerable Kün (1979) agro-morphologically characterized and source (Nevo et al., 2002). Present conditions call for evaluated some pathological and technological characteristics urgent measures. The study of plant material with of 222 wild wheat species. The study was performed under desired traits through characterization programs is an the following 5 headings: (1) evolution and nomenclature of essential step for effective utilization of crop germplasm. wheat, (2) studies to give male sterility characteristics to Long before the development of sophisticated wheat, (3) role of wild wheat in gaining disease resistance, methods for gene introgression between wild and (4) role of wild wheat in giving quality traits to wheat, and cultivated, Gökgöl (1935) reported that northern (5) capability of wild wheat in natural vegetation. In that European countries had already begun to test the wild study, it was reported that all populations of Ae. speltoides relatives in their breeding programs. var. speltoides, Ae. speltoides var. ligustica and Ae. biuncialis Playing a significant role in feeding the world were resistant to yellow rust; plant height ranged between population, wheat is considered a fundamental crop. 26.8 (Ae. umbelleulata) and 97.7 cm (Ae. mutica); spike Wheat is assumed to have originated from the Fertile length ranged between 27.2 (Ae. umbellulata) and 273.1 Crescent (Harlan, 1981). Wild relatives of wheat are quite mm (Ae. mutica); and protein content of the species was up widespread in Turkey, especially in the southeast. It is to 32.6% (Ae. umbellulata). agreed that diploid wheat was first cultivated in Peflkircio¤lu (1996) characterized and evaluated 13 Karacada¤, which is located in southeast Turkey, and soon Aegilops and 3 wild Triticum species of Turkish origin for dispersed to the other parts of the world (Heun et al., their agro-morphological, pathological, and quality traits. 1997; Diamond, 1997; Nesbit and Samuel, 1998; Lev- Among the material, plant height ranged between 16.6 Yadun et al., 2000). Triticum L. and Aegilops L. have (Ae. juvenalis) and 112.0 cm (Ae. mutica); spike length several species in 3 ploidy levels, namely diploid (2n = 14), ranged between 2.4 (Ae. ovata) and 23.3 cm (Ae. tetraploid (2n = 28) and hexaploid (2n = 42). Davis mutica); protein content ranged between 19.9% (Ae. (1985) reported that 16 Aegilops and 4 wild Triticum speltoides) and 26.2% (Ae. juvenalis). species exist in Turkey. Kimber and Feldman (1987) state Wild relatives of crops play a significant role in the that the number of wild wheat relatives is 27 in the world, development of cultivars with desired characteristics. 20 of which are in Turkey. Having adapted to a variety of Srivastava and Damania (1989) reported that wild harsh conditions accompanied by heavy grazing by relatives provide valuable genes for disease resistance, domestic animals, wild wheat species have sustained their high protein content, tillering, drought resistance and diversity to date. other economically desirable attributes. Lange and The evolution of modern wheat and the relation with Balkema-Boomstra (1988) stated that progenitors of Aegilops species have been the concern of many scientists cultivated species should be considered an important for many years. Three genomes, namely A, B (S) and D, source of variability for breeding genetic bases of took part in the evolution of modern wheats. The donor cultivated crops. Efficient utilization of these species of the A genome is assumed to be T. urartu (Valkoun et requires detailed knowledge of their genetic, cytogenetic al., 1997; Gitte et al., 2006). The donor of the B genome and agromorphological characteristics. 388 A. KARAGÖZ, N. P‹LANALI, T. POLAT The primary aim of this study was to examine the replaced by modern cultivars. Data on the place of origin agromorphological characteristics of wild wheat species and altitude of the populations are given in Table 2. (Aegilops and Triticum) including the primary relatives Among the populations tested, Ae. tauschii Coss. var. that have a potential to be used in breeding programs. meyeri (Griseb. ex Ledeb.) samples were collected from fianlıurfa province. This species of the genus Aegilops has Materials and Methods not been described in the flora of Turkey and is characterized for the first time in this study. The material consisted of 124 wheat populations, 112 of which were collected in marginal areas of southeast Seeds of the material were germinated in the and east Turkey. Scientific names of the experimental greenhouse in September 2001 and transplanted at material, their genomes, and number and status of the Haymana-Ankara Research Farm of the Central Research samples are given in Table 1. Wild materials were Institute for Field Crops in October 2001. Each plot was collected during 2 major periods, 1987 (K›z›ltan et al., 3 m long; distance between rows was 35 cm and between 1990) and 1994-1998 (Karagöz, 1996), and several plants was 20 cm (Delacy et al., 2000: Karagöz and others.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genome Sequence of the Progenitor of the Wheat D Genome Aegilops Tauschii Ming-Cheng Luo1*, Yong Q
    OPEN LETTER doi:10.1038/nature24486 Genome sequence of the progenitor of the wheat D genome Aegilops tauschii Ming-Cheng Luo1*, Yong Q. Gu2*, Daniela Puiu3*, Hao Wang4,5,6*, Sven O. Twardziok7*, Karin R. Deal1, Naxin Huo1,2, Tingting Zhu1, Le Wang1, Yi Wang1,2, Patrick E. McGuire1, Shuyang Liu1, Hai Long1, Ramesh K. Ramasamy1, Juan C. Rodriguez1, Sonny L. Van1, Luxia Yuan1, Zhenzhong Wang1,8, Zhiqiang Xia1, Lichan Xiao1, Olin D. Anderson2, Shuhong Ouyang2,8, Yong Liang2,8, Aleksey V. Zimin3, Geo Pertea3, Peng Qi4,5, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen6, Xiongtao Dai9, Matthew W. Dawson9, Hans-Georg Müller9, Karl Kugler7, Lorena Rivarola-Duarte7, Manuel Spannagl7, Klaus F. X. Mayer7,10, Fu-Hao Lu11, Michael W. Bevan11, Philippe Leroy12, Pingchuan Li13, Frank M. You13, Qixin Sun8, Zhiyong Liu8, Eric Lyons14, Thomas Wicker15, Steven L. Salzberg3,16, Katrien M. Devos4,5 & Jan Dvořák1 Aegilops tauschii is the diploid progenitor of the D genome of We conclude therefore that the size of the Ae. tauschii genome is about hexaploid wheat1 (Triticum aestivum, genomes AABBDD) and 4.3 Gb. an important genetic resource for wheat2–4. The large size and To assess the accuracy of our assembly, sequences of 195 inde- highly repetitive nature of the Ae. tauschii genome has until now pendently sequenced and assembled AL8/78 BAC clones8, which precluded the development of a reference-quality genome sequence5. contained 25,540,177 bp in 2,405 unordered contigs, were aligned to Here we use an array of advanced technologies, including ordered- Aet v3.0. Five contigs failed to align and six extended partly into gaps, clone genome sequencing, whole-genome shotgun sequencing, accounting for 0.25% of the total length of the contigs.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment of a Global Network for the in Situ Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives: Status and Needs
    THEMATIC BACKGROUND STUDY Establishment of a Global Network for the In Situ Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives: Status and Needs Nigel Maxted and Shelagh Kell BACKGROUND STUDY PAPER NO. 39 October 2009 COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ESTABLISHMENT OF A GLOBAL NETWORK FOR THE IN SITU CONSERVATION OF CROP WILD RELATIVES: STATUS AND NEEDS by *By Nigel Maxted and Shelagh Kell The content of this document is entirely the responsibility of the authors, and does not .necessarily represent the views of the FAO, or its Members 2 * School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham. Disclaimer The content of this document is entirely the responsibility of the authors, and does not necessarily represent the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or its Members. The designations employed and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. CONTENTS SUMMARY 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 PART 1: INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Background and scope 8 1.2 The global and local importance of crop wild relatives 10 1.3 Definition of a crop wild relative 12 1.4 Global numbers of crop
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy, Morphology and Palynology of Aegilops Vavilovii (Zhuk.) Chennav
    African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5(20), pp. 2841-2849, 18 October, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991-637X ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Taxonomy, morphology and palynology of Aegilops vavilovii (Zhuk.) Chennav. (Poaceae: Triticeae) Evren Cabi1* Musa Doan1 Hülya Özler2, Galip Akaydin3 and Alptekin Karagöz4 1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop Turkey. 3Department of Biology Education, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. 4Department of Biology, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey. Accepted 23 September, 2010 Aegilops vavilovii (Zhuk.) Chennav., a rare species, was collected from Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. During the field studies of the project “Taxonomic revision of Tribe Triticeae in Turkey”, Ae. vavilovii was accidentally recollected from three localities in anliurfa and Mardin provinces in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The main objective of this study is to shed light on the diagnostic characteristics of this rare species including its morphological, palynological and micro morphological features. Moreover, an emended and expanded description, distribution, phenology and ecology of this rare species are also provided. A. vavilovii and A. crassa are naturally found in the Southeastern part of Turkey and they share similar morphological features that caused a confused taxonomy. Pollen grains of A. vavilovii are heteropolar, monoporate and spheroidal (A/B: 1,13) typically as Poaceous. However, it generally, prefers clayish loam soils that are slightly alkaline (pH 7.7) with low organic content (1.54%). Although it is a rare species with very narrow area of distribution, very few samples have been represented in ex situ collections and the species has not been involved in any in situ conservation activities to save its genetic resources in Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Agro-Morphological Diversity in Wild Relatives of Wheat Collected in Iran
    J. Agr. Sci. Tech. (2017) Vol. 19: 943-956 Evaluation of Agro-Morphological Diversity in Wild Relatives of Wheat Collected in Iran A. Pour-Aboughadareh1*, J. Ahmadi1, A. A. Mehrabi2, M. Moghaddam3, and A. Etminan4 ABSTRACT In this study, a core collection of 180 Aegilops and Triticum accessions belonging to six diploid (T. boeoticum Bioss., T. urartu Gandilyan., Ae. speltoides Tausch., Ae. tauschii Coss., Ae. caudata L. and Ae. umbellulata Zhuk.), five tetraploid (T. durum, Ae. neglecta Req. ex Bertol., Ae. cylindrica Host. and Ae. crassa Boiss) and one hexaploid (T. aestivum L.) species collected from different regions of Iran were evaluated using 20 agro- morphological characters. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among accessions. The Shannon-Weaver (HʹSW) and Nei’s (HʹN) genetic diversity indices disclosed intermediate to high diversity for most characters in both Aegilops and Triticum core sets. In factor analysis, the first five components justified 82.17% of the total of agro- morphological variation. Based on measured characters, the 180 accessions were separated into two major groups by cluster analysis. Furthermore, based on the 2D-plot generated using two discriminant functions, different species were separated into six groups, so that distribution of species accorded with their genome construction. Overall, our results revealed considerable levels of genetic diversity among studied Iranian Aegilops and Triticum accessions, which can open up new avenues for rethinking the connections between wild relatives to explore valuable agronomic traits for the improvement and adaptation of wheat. Keywords: Aegilops, Multivariate analysis, Phenotypic diversity, Triticum. INTRODUCTION traits, such as disease- or pest-resistance and even yield improvement.
    [Show full text]
  • Interspecific Hybridization Between Durum Wheat and Aegilops Umbellulata (Zhuk.)
    713 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 18 (No 5) 2012, 713-721 Agricultural Academy INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN DURUM WHEAT AND AEGILOPS UMBELLULATA (ZHUK.) B. HADZHIIVANOVA, V. BOZHANOVA and D. DECHEV Field Crops Institute, BG - 6200 Chirpan, Bulgaria Abstract HADZHIIVANOVA, B., V. BOZHANOVA and D. DECHEV, 2012. Interspecific hybridization between durum wheat and Aegilops umbellulata (Zhuk.). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 18: 713-721 The possibility for obtaining of interspecific hybrids between three durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum, 2n = 4x = 28, AABB genomes) and one accession of Aegilops umbellulata (2n = 2x = 18, UU genome) during two different seasons has been studied. A low crossability rate of 3% average for all genotypes over two years was achieved. The observed variation of crossability is due to a greatest extent to the genotype of durum wheat parent with 82.91% from total variation. Hybrid plants were obtained only by means of embryo rescue method. The ability for in vitro regeneration was still independent of crossability of used durum wheat genotypes. All received F1 hybrids plants were identical they exhibited good tillering ability and manifested traits from both parents. In spite of the observed partially fertility in F1 hybrids between durum wheat and Aegilops umbellulata no germination of the hybrid seeds was ascertained. BC1 seeds were obtained from F1 hybrids of hybrid combination Beloslava × Aegilops umbellulata after backcrossing to the durum wheat parent. An increase of crossability with advancing of backcross progenies – from 1.6% in BC1 hybrids to 26.2% in BC2 hybrids has been found. Meiotic abnormalities including dyads and triads at the end of microsporogenesis as well as uninucleate microspores with a different shape and size were observed suggesting production of unreduced gametes in this cross.
    [Show full text]
  • DISSERTAÇÃO José Roseno De Mendonça Filho.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE GENÉTICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS JOSÉ ROSENO DE MENDONÇA FILHO DIVERSIDADE CARIOTÍPICA EM REPRESENTANTES DO COMPLEXO CRYPTANTHOID (BROMELIOIDEAE, BROMELIACEAE) Recife 2019 JOSÉ ROSENO DE MENDONÇA FILHO DIVERSIDADE CARIOTÍPICA EM REPRESENTANTES DO COMPLEXO CRYPTANTHOID (BROMELIOIDEAE, BROMELIACEAE) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Área de Concentração Genética, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito para obtenção do título de mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Ana Maria Benko Iseppon Coorientadores: Profa. Dra. Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal Prof. Dr Jaílson Gitai dos Santos Frazão Recife 2019 JOSÉ ROSENO DE MENDONÇA FILHO DIVERSIDADE CARIOTÍPICA EM REPRESENTANTES DO COMPLEXO CRYPTANTHOID (BROMELIOIDEAE, BROMELIACEAE) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Área de Concentração Genética, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito para obtenção do título de mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Aprovada em: 23/07/2019 COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA ___________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Ana Maria Benko Iseppon UFPE (Orientadora) ___________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Maria Betânia de Oliveira Melo UFPE (Membro Interno) ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Geyner Alves dos Santos Cruz UPE – Campus de Petrolina (Membro Externo) MEMBROS SUPLENTES ____________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Diversity of the Alanya Castle Walls and Their Ecological Effects
    www.biodicon.com Biological Diversity and Conservation ISSN 1308-8084 Online ISSN 1308-5301 Print Research article/Araştırma makalesi 13/1 (2020) 9-18 DOI: 10.46309/biodicon.2020.731423 Vascular plant diversity of the Alanya Castle walls and their ecological effects Ahmet AKSOY 1, Jale ÇELİK *2 ORCID: 0000-0002-9696-7122; 0000-0002-3624-2146 1 University of Akdeniz, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Antalya, Turkey 2 University of Akdeniz, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Antalya, Turkey Abstract Since historical buildings are living mirrors of the past, it is very important to preserve and transfer them to future generations. In this study, plants growing on the walls of Alanya Castle were identified and the damages that these plants gave to the historical construction and the precautions to be taken to prevent these damages were emphasized. A total of 94 plant taxa, including five pteridophytes, one gymnosperm and 88 angiosperms, belonging to 35 families were identified on the walls of Alanya Castle. Conyza canadensis, Inula heterolepis, Phagnalon graecum, Arabis verna, Mercurialis annua, Fumaria parviflora, Cymbalaria microcalyx, Galium canum subsp. antalyense, Parietaria judaica, Hyoscyamus aureus, Poa bulbosa were the dominant plant species of Alanya Castle walls. Possible seed dispersion of these plants on the castle walls and the methods for controlling them are discussed in detail. We conclude that the most effective method of combating plants that grow naturally on historical buildings and give damage to these buildings is mechanical excavation. Key words: Alanya, biodiversity, mechanical excavation, urban ecosystems, wall flora ---------- ---------- Alanya Kalesi duvarlarının vasküler bitki çeşitliliği ve ekolojik etkileri Özet Tarihi yapılar geçmişin yaşayan aynaları olduklarından, onları korumak ve gelecek nesillere aktarmak çok önemlidir.
    [Show full text]
  • Aegilops</Emphasis>
    DOI: 10.2478/s11535-006-0027-1 Research article CEJB 1(3) 2006 399–411 Distribution and characterization of Aegilops and Triticum species from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast Penko Spetsov1∗, Dragomir Plamenov2, Vanya Kiryakova1 1 Dobroudja Agricultural Institute, 9520 General Toshevo, Bulgaria 2 Pedagogical College – Dobrich 9300, Bs. Konstantin Preslavsky University, Shumen, Bulgaria Received 30 May 2006; accepted 24 July 2006 Abstract: A total of 158 Aegilops-Triticum samples representing six Aegilops species (one diploid, four tetraploid and one hexaploid) and one diploid Triticum were collected along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, and their distribution on the 350 km long coastal line was reported. The region south of Kamchia river, accepted as the middle point of the coast, was characterized by the greatest diversity of these wild relatives of wheat. The most widely distributed species in this area was Ae. geniculata. Ae. cylindrica was distributed only in north (Durankulak), while Ae. biuncialis and Ae. triuncialis were collected both north and south of Kamchia river. All samples of Ae. neglecta were hexaploid. Natural hybrids of goatgrass and wheat were found in Ae. cylindrica populations. Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides had limited distribution in the south region. Aegilops uniaristata was recorded as a new species for the Bulgarian flora. Most of the samples expressed resistance to powdery mildew in seedling and adult stage, but all of them were polymorphic regarding the resistance to leaf rust (cultures 73760 and 43763). The study revealed additional data for the distribution of Aegilops and Triticum species in Bulgaria and their potential value as genetic resources in wheat improvement.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Utilization of Biodiversity in Triticeae for Wheat Lmprovement
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Intermountain Herbarium of Utah State Herbarium Publications University 6-24-1994 Evaluation and Utilization of Biodiversity in Triticeae for Wheat lmprovement A. B. Damania University of California, Davis J. Valkoun University of California, Davis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/herbarium_pubs Part of the Agriculture Commons, Food Science Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Damania, A. B. and Valkoun, J., "Evaluation and Utilization of Biodiversity in Triticeae for Wheat lmprovement" (1994). Herbarium Publications. Paper 4. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/herbarium_pubs/4 This Conference Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Intermountain Herbarium of Utah State University at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Herbarium Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluation and Utilization of Biodiversity in Triticeae for Wheat lmpr.ovement A. B. DAMANIA1 and J. VALKOUN International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (I CARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria. 1Present address: Genetic Resources Conservation Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8602, USA ABSTRACT A population structure of a species is defined as the totality of ecological and genetical relationships among To adapt new varieties to a wide spectrum of individual members which may co-evolve as a result of environments breeders and farmers have emphasized the gene exchange but may also diverge under localized forces need for broadening the current narrow genetic base of of evolutionary change Qain, 1975). Landraces and obsolete modern varieties of important cereal crops such as wheat cultivars are as a rule products of several years of crop and barley.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Chromosome Morphology Among Some Accessions of Aegilops Crassa
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(7), pp. 996-1000, 15 February, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB09.243 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper A comparative study of chromosome morphology among some accessions of Aegilops crassa Hatami-Maleki Hamid 1, Samizadeh Habibollah 2, Asghari-Zakaria Rasool 3, Moshtaghi Nasrin 4 and Fazeli-Sangari Esmaeil 4 1Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran. 2Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran. 3Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardebili University, Ardebil, Iran. 4Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Accepted 10 April, 2009 In this study karyotype and chromosome characteristics of the nine accessions of Aegilops crassa species obtained from gene bank of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute (SPII) of Iran and one accession collected by authors were inspected. Aceto-iron-hematoxilin staining method was used to stain chromosomes. For each accession, chromosome characteristics including long and short arms, chromosome lengths, arm ratio index and relative chromosome lengths were measured using micro measure 3.3 software. Results revealed that all of the studied accessions were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) and consisted of 13 pairs of metacentric and one pair of submetacentric chromosomes, of which two pairs were satellite chromosomes. Karyotype formula for these accessions were 13 m + 1 sm. Arm ratio index value of chromosomes ranged from 1.11 in chromosome number 6 to 1.77 in chromosome number 12. The B chromosomes were not seen in any of the accessions.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitats Change in Ceylanpinar State's Farm and the Dangerous Classes of Plants
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296 Habıtats Change ın Ceylanpınar State’s Farm and the Dangerous Classes of Plants (Şanlıurfa-Turkey) Mustafa ASLAN2 1, 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Harran University, 63510 Osmanbey Campus, Şanlıurfa-Turkey. Abstract: The natural flora of Ceylanpınar State Farm was studied in the years 2014 and 2015 before cultivation. During the floristic surveys, 146 species of 99 genera belonging to 18 families were recorded. 28 plant species among them are in threatened categories. Of these plants 13 are endemic and 15 are rare plants. However, the region of interest in this study has not been studied extensively and the habitats of this region have been constantly changing. In the natural flora of the region, rare and endemic plant species have been defined and their threat categories and the factors threatening these species have been determined. Keywords: Ceylanpınar State Farm, natural flora of Ceylanpınar,, rare and endemic plant species, threat categories of plants species 1. Introduction highest number of species are Astragalus 7, Bromus 5, Avena 5, Onobrychis 3, Trifolium 3 and Salvia 3 (Adigüzel Accelerated industrialization and rapid increase in human et.al 2002). population have had adverse effects on natural environments. As a result, human beings as well as the other livings have been affected. Nowadays, the environmental issues are no longer confined in national borders but regarded in international platforms. The countries of the world have assembled in many occasions to discuss the issues on environmental problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Triticum L
    Comparative and evolutionary genomics and proteomics 147 Chapter # MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS TRITICUM L. Golovnina K.1, Glushkov S.*1, Blinov A.1, Mayorov V.2, Adkison L.2 , Goncharov N.1 1 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; 2 Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, USA * Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected] Key words: wheat, Aegilops, molecular evolution, plasmon and B genome inheritance SUMMARY Motivation: The genus Triticum L. includes the major cereal crop, common or bread wheat (hexaploid Triticum aestivum L.), and other important cultivated species. Wheat has emerged as a classic polyploid model and a significant role of polyploidy as a widespread evolutionary strategy in angiosperms is known. Research on wheat phylogeny has contributed to the understanding of this important phenomenon, but there are still discrepancies and deficiencies in information. Results: Here, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of all known wheat species and the closely related Aegilops species. This analysis was based on chloroplast matK gene comparison along with trnL intron sequences of some species. Polyploid wheat species are successfully divided only into two groups – Emmer (Dicoccoides and Triticum sections) and Timopheevii (Timopheevii section). Results reveal a strictly maternal plastid inheritance of all synthetic wheat amphyploids included in the study. Moreover, a concordance of chloroplast origin with the definite nuclear genomes of polyploid species that were inherited at the last hybridization events was found. This fact allows the most probable donor of the certain nuclear genome and plasmon at the same time to be determined. This suggests that there were two ancestor representatives of Aegilops speltoides that participated in the speciation of polyploid wheats with B and G genome in their genome composition.
    [Show full text]