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Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of the Smith River Basin Montana

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Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of the Smith River Basin Montana University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1986 Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of the Smith River Basin Montana Anthony C. Runkel The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Runkel, Anthony C., "Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of the Smith River Basin Montana" (1986). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 9298. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9298 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 Th is is an unpublished manuscript in which copyright sub ­ s is t s . Any further r eprinting of it s contents must be approved BY THE AUTHOR. Mansfield Library Un iv e r s it y of Montana Date : 1 9 8 6 COPYRIGHT RELEASE PERMISSION I, Anthony C. Runkel , have completed and submitted a thesis or dissertation in Geology e ntitled , GecW.y t. C/t-hL*h <3 .V iMf / tn c>it____________ _______________________ • It is my understanding that I hold the copyright to this work. However, because the Department of Geology at the Univeristy of Montana commonly receives requests for copies of theses or dissertations, I grant permission to the University of Montana to copy and deliver my thesis/dissertation to meet requests in my name. /ffKy yi«y»W. c5~ Z. -jt^S DATED th is "2. ~7 day of AA ikJ 19 % (a ^ c H i :___ ____________ Mary Elizabeth Kurz ___________________ Approved by Legal Counsel, Univeristy of Montana RCM/cvh 4/1/82 GEOLOGY AND VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY OF THE SMITH RIVER BASIN, MONTANA By Anthony C. Runkel B.A., University of Minnesota, 1982 presented in partial fulfillm ent of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1986 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School Date UMI Number: EP72607 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation PuKiisWng UMI EP72607 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Runkel, Anthony C., M.S. May, 1986 Geology Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of the Smith River Basin, Montana (80 pp.) Director: Robert Fields Fifteen new vertebrate fossil localities were discovered during the course of this study. Fifteen genera were identified from among the eighty eight specimens collected from these and previously discovered localities. No new species are proposed. This fossil fauna was divided into five local faunas that range in age from Late Chadronian to early, Late Barstovian. This study revises previous work that suggested the Smith River basin fauna represented only the Arikareean through Early Barstovian land-mammal ages. The Tertiary strata in the basin represent one lithologic unit and are not divisible into two formations as previous work suggested. The Early Oligocene sediments were deposited primarily by mass-flow processes, while the Late Oligocene and Miocene age sediments were deposited primarily by streams. A disconformity separates Late Oligocene from middle Miocene aged strata. Regional climatic and tectonic changes, and/or a volcanic hiatus, were probably responsible for the creation of this disconformity. All of the normal faulting in the basin occurred after the Oligocene. These faults locally t ilt and displace Tertiary strata. Unlike most other southwest Montana basins, normal faulting was subdued. Therefore, there are no major basin bounding faults. This low magnitude of normal faulting is a ref lection of relatively minor compressive deformation that preceeded extension in the Smith River basin region. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................... ..........................ii Table of Contents .......................................................................................... iii List of Tables ................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ............................................................................................... v Ackknowledgements ...................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION................................................................................................p.1 PREVIOUS WORK.............................................................................................p.5 PALEONTOLOGY.............................................................................................. p.6 Beaver Creek Local Fauna.........................................................................p. 10 Whitetail Deer Creek Local Fauna............................................................p. 11 Crabtree Local Fauna .....................................................................p. 12 Rabbit Creek Local Fauna .................................................................p. 14 Spring Creek East Local Fauna .................................................................p. 14 Conclusions-Paleontology........................................................................p. 16 STRATIGRAPHY...............................................................................................p. 18 Strata of Late Chadronian Age .................................................................p.20 Strata of Orellan and Whitneyan Age ...................................................... p.2! Strata of Early Arikareean Age ............................................................... p.23 Strata of Late Arikareean Age .................................................................p.26 Unconformity ............................................................................................p.29 Strata of Barstovian Age ......................................................................... p.30 Regional Lithologic Comparisons ............................................................ p.33 STRUCTURE................................... .................................................................p.34 Smith River Basin .....................................................................................p.38 Laramide Structure ................... ........................................................p.38 Tertiary Structure ....................................... .......................................p.40 Helena-Townsend Basin ........................................................................... p.43 Laramide Structure .............................................................................p.43 Tertiary Structure .............................................................................. p.44 Summary and Discussion........................ ..................................................p.48 SUMMARY-GEOLOGIC HISTORY........................................................................p.53 REFERENCES....................................................................................................p.56 APPENDIX I: SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY................................. .................... p.65 iii List of Tables Table 1: Identified taxa of the 5 local faunas in the Smith River basin ___ p.7 Table 2: Comparison of Crabtree and Rabbit Creek local faunas to other North American faunas .....................................................................p. 13 Table 3: Measurements of the upper teeth of N ig/arodon k o e rn e ri...p.66 Table 4: Measurements of the upper teeth of Gregoromys doug/assi. p.68 Table 5: Measurements of the upper teeth of cf. Eutypomys montanensfs .p.70 Table 6: Measurements of the skull of Megoreodongrand/s.............. p.77 Table 7: Measurements of the shell of cf. Testudo osbornia............. p.80 iv List of Figures Figure 1: Tertiary intermontane basins of southwest Montana. .................. p.3 Figure 2: Stratigraphic chart of selected Tertiary basins ........................... p. 17 Figure 3: Chronologic division of the Tertiary sediments ............................ p. 19 Figure 4: Tectonic map of the Smith River and Helena-Townsend basins.. .p.35 Figure 5: The disturbed belt and central Montana trough of Montana ...........p.36 Figure 6: Tectonic map the the northern Smith River basin ..........................p.39 Figure 7: Cross-sections across the Big Belt Mountains .............................. p.46 Figure 8: Geologic cross-section of the Smith River basin .......................... p.49 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was funded in part by grants from the Eldridge and Mary Stuart Foundation and from the University of Montana Graduate School, to which I am grateful. I am indebted to Bob and Linda Morris for emergency funding that enabled
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