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Studi Kasus : Kereta Api (Ka) Sukabumi-Bogor

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Studi Kasus : Kereta Api (Ka) Sukabumi-Bogor KAJIAN PERJALANAN KOMUTER MODA KERETA API (STUDI KASUS : KERETA API (KA) SUKABUMI-BOGOR) Arman Maulana 1), Andi Rahmah 2), Budi Arief 3) ABSTRAK Kereta Api (KA) Pangrango Suikabumi-Bogor ataupun Bogor-Sukabumi diresmikan pada 9 November 2013, KA ini diharapkan dapat membantu memenuhi kebutuhan pergerakan pada kedua wilayah tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, mendapat gambaran pola dan karakteristik perjalanan penumpang komuter KA, menganalisis besaran tingkat pertumbuhan perjalanan penumpang komuter KA, dan upaya penanganan/konsep perbaikan Kereta Api (KA) Sukabumi-Bogor ataupun Bogor-Sukabumi. Digunakan dasar utama UU RI No.23 Tahun 2007, dan Permenhub RI No.110 Tahun 2017 dalam pengamatan survei secara langsung. Metode penelitian menggunakan data primer dari hasil kuesioner kepada pengguna jasa kereta api (KA) tentang pelayanan dan kepentingan, dan analisis data sekunder dari PT.KAI menjadi data yang informatif pada kajian perjalanan komuter moda kereta api (KA), serta mengunakan metode furness pada pemodelan transportasi, penyajian data statistik, dan ramalan permintaan (demand forecast). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kereta Api (KA) Pangrango memenuhi 80,72 % pada lintas Sukabumi-Bogor, dan 79,86 % pada lintas Bogor-Sukabumi berdasarkan kuesioner jenis atribut pelayanan terhadap pengguna jasa kereta api (KA) Pangrango, hal ini sudah memenuhi standar pelayan minimal dan menjadi moda transportasi utama bagi masyarakat. Tetapi kinerja PT.KAI Kereta Api (KA) Pangrango masih belum optimal dikarenakan sarana, prasarana, dan frekuensi perjalanan Kereta Api (KA) Pangrango masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu diharapkan pada masa yang akan datang adanya penambahan armada kereta api, frekuensi perjalanan, dan jalur track sehingga dapat terciptanya angkutan massal yang layak dan handal. Kata Kunci : Metode Furness, Perjalanan Komuter, Ramalan Permintaan. I. PENDAHULUAN 2018) diketahui jalur Bogor ke Sukabumi 1.1. Latar Belakang macet mulai dari exit Tol Bocimi. Kota Bogor dan Sukabumi adalah Pada 13 Desember 2008 sampai kota-kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat, dengan 15 Desember 2012, jalur kereta Indonesia. Dua kota ini terbentang dengan api rute Bogor – Sukabumi mulai jarak 57 km, dahulu kota Bogor luasnya dioperasionalkan yaitu dengan nama 21,56 km², namun kini telah berkembang kereta api Bumi Geulis, dan pada 9 menjadi 118,50 km² dan memiliki jumlah November 2013 diresmikan sebagai penduduk 1.096.828 jiwa (2018). Kota kereta api Pangrango beroperasi sampai Sukabumi memiliki luas 48,332 km² dan sekarang. memiliki jumlah penduduk sebanyak Ssaat ini jalur rel kereta api yang 326.282 jiwa (2018). sudah ada dinilai kurang produktif, Di Kota Bogor setiap hari Untuk itu pemerintah berkeinginan berdasarkan hasil investigasi membangun program jalur ganda pada Metropolitan.id (05 Juni 2018) diketahui lintasan Bogor-Sukabumi. jumlah kendaraan yang masuk Bogor rata- rata mencapai 48.000/hari, dan banyak 1.2. Tujuan Penelitian pula wisatawan yang datang ke Sukabumi, Tujuan penelitian tugas akhir ini adalah hal ini mengakibatkan arus lalulintas di sebagai berikut : ruas jalan utama Sukabumi-Bogor 1. Mendapat gambaran tentang pola dan menambah volume lalulintas, berdasarkan karakteristik tujuan perjalanan hasil investigasi Republika.co.id (16 Juni Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Pakuan 1 penumpang komuter kereta api antara Kereta Api Indonesia dengan relasi stasiun Sukabumi dan stasiun Bogor. Bogor-Sukabumi dan sebaliknya. 2. Menganalisis besaran dan tingkat Susunan rangkaian kereta ini pada pertumbuhan perjalanan penumpang awal beroperasi terdiri satu lokomotif, komuter kereta api antara stasiun empat gerbong ekonomi AC, satu gerbong Sukabumi dan stasiun Bogor. eksekutif, dan satu gerbong kereta makan 3. Upaya penanganan dan konsep pembangkit. Perjalanan dengan Jarak 57 perbaikan dalam penataan pola dan km mampu ditempuh dengan waktu rata- karakteristik perjalanan kereta api rata 02:03:00 jam lintas Sukabumi-Bogor antar Sukabumi-Bogor. ataupun Bogor-Sukabumi. 1.3. Ruang Lingkup dan Batasan 2.2. Skala Likert Masalah Skala likert adalah skala penelitian Ruang lingkup dan batasan penelitian ini yang digunakan untuk mengukur sikap adalah sebagai berikut : dan pendapat. Dengan skala likert ini, 1. Grafik Perjalanan Kereta Api (Gapeka) responden diminta untuk melengkapi pada lintas Sukabumi-Bogor dan kuesioner yang mengharuskan mereka Bogor-Sukabumi tahun 2020. untuk menunjukan tingkat persetujuannya 2. Jumlah penumpang 3 (tiga) tahun terhadap serangkaian pertanyaan. Tingkat terakhir pada kereta api kelas ekonomi, persetujuan 5 pilihan skala yang dan eksekutif berdasarkan tiket yang mempunyai gradasi dari Sangat Setuju terjual. (SS) hingga Sangat Tidak Setuju (STS). 5 3. Survei perjalanan kereta api lintas pilihan tersebut diantaranya adalah : Sukabumi-Bogor dan Bogor-Sukabumi • Sangat Tidak Baik (STB) dilakukan pada hari Jumat, Sabtu, dan • Tidak Baik (TB) Senin, di pagi hari, siang hari, dan sore • Cukup Baik (CB) hari, sesuai dengan waktu GAPEKA, • Baik (B) survei ini meliputi : • Sangat Baik (SB) a. Wawancara asal tujuan perjalanan Selain gradasi sikap dan pendapat, pada kereta penumpang dapat juga digunakan pada beberapa jenis b. Jumlah penumpang perjalanan gradasi tentang kepentingan, seperti : 4. Melakukan proses analisis estimasi • Sangat Tidak Penting (STP) besaran dan tingkat pertumbuhan • Tidak Penting (TP) perjalanan penumpang komuter, antara • Cukup Penting (CP) stasiun Sukabumi dan Bogor. • Penting (P) 5. Parameter/indikator performance Parameter yang akan ditinjau pada • Sangat Penting (SP) kajian perjalanan komuter kereta api Sukabumi-Bogor dan Bogor-Sukabumi 2.3. Slovin (Pengambilan Sampel) adalah : Rumus Slovin adalah sebuah rumus atau formula untuk menghitung jumlah • Headway Kereta Api dengan melakukan analisis gapeka Kereta sampel minimal apabila perilaku dari Api (KA). sebuah populasi tidak diketahui secara pasti. Rumus Slovin dapat dilihat • Travel time di bandingkan dengan berdasarkan notasi sebagai berikut : waktu tempuh Kereta Api (KA). II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................(2.1) 2.1. Kereta Api Pangrango Keterangan : Kereta api Pangrango adalah kereta N = Besar populasi/jumlah populasi api penumpang Kelas Eksekutif dan n = Jumlah sampel Ekonomi AC (Plus) Non PSO milik PT e = Batas toleransi kesalahan (error tolerance) Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Pakuan 2 2.4. Pemodelan dengan Metode Furness dilakukan analisis data menggunakan Dengan melakukan survei asal tujuan metode penyajian data statistik. setelah dianalisis akan diperoleh matrik asal tujuan (MAT) berapa jumlah 2.6. Demand Forecast pengguna kereta api dari stasiun Demand forecast atau ramalan keberangkatan menju stasiun tujuan, permintaan, adalah meramalkan tingkat berdasarkan jumlah penumpang pada jam pertumbuhan penumpang komuter untuk pagi hari, siang hari, dan sore hari di hari beberapa tahun kedepan, dasar dari Jumat, Sabtu, dan Senin maupun pada peramalan ini akan menggunakan data jumlah penjualan karcis yang terjual. sekunder berupa jumlah penumpang Secara matematis, metode furness kereta api (KA) 3 tahun terakhir, antara dinyatakan sebagai berikut : tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2019. Untuk Tid = tid . E .......................................(2.2) mendapatkan tingkat peramalan yang Keterangan : akurat dipergunakan rumus : T = Pergerakan pada masa mendatang dari Pn = Po (1+i)n ..................................(2.3) zona asal i ke zona tujuan d Keterangan : t = Pergerakan pada masa sekarang dari Pn = Tahun rencana zona asal i ke zona tujuan d Po = Tahun sekarang E = Tingkat pertumbuhan n = Tahun pertumbuhan i = Prosentase pertumbuhan penumpang 2.5. Pendekatan Metode Penyajian Data Statistik III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 2.5.1. Validitas 3.1. Rencana Kegiatan Uji ini dilakukan dengan cara Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan secara membandingkan angka r hitung dan r bertahap sebagai berikut : tabel. Jika r hitung lebih besar dari r tabel a.) Tahap Persiapan maka item dikatakan valid dan sebaliknya Sebelum Kajian dimulai perlu dilakukan jika r hitung lebih kecil dari tabel maka tahapan persiapan diantaranya adalah : item dikatakan tidak valid. r hitung dicari 1.) Pemantapan metodologi dan dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi penyusunan rencana analisis 25, sedangkan r tabel dicari dengan cara 2.) Merencanakan survei dan melihat tabel r dengan ketentuan r kunjungan instasional yang terkait minimal yang di inginkan yaitu 2%, 5%, guna mendapatkan informasi data dan 10% (Sugiyono, 2011). sekunder yang terupdate 3.) Menyiapkan formulir survei 2.5.2. Reliabilitas wawancara penumpang komuter Uji ini dilakukan dengan cara kereta api (LAMPIRAN C) membandingkan angka cronbach alpha b.) Tahap Pengumpulan Data dengan ketentuan nilai cronbach alpha 1.) Pengumpulan Data Primer minimal 0,6. Artinya jika nilai cronbach Data primer diperoleh melalui alpha yang didapatkan dari hasil wawancara dengan penumpang perhitungan program SPSS versi 25, lebih komuter kereta api pada jam pagi besar dari 0,6 maka disimpulkan hari, siang hari, dan sore hari di hari kuesioner tersebut reliabel, sebaliknya Jumat, Sabtu, dan Senin dilakukan jika cronbach alpha lebih kecil dari 0,6 dengan cara memberikan beberapa maka disimpulkan tidak reliabel. pertanyaan melalui form survei yang sesuai dengan kajian 2.5.3. Penyajian Data Statistik penumpang komuter. Survei karakteristik yang dilakukan 2.) Pengumpulan Data Sekunder di stasiun keberangkatan antara stasiun a.) Data jumlah penumpang Sukabumi dan Bogor pada jam pagi hari, perjalanan kereta api (KA)
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