DOCSLIB.ORG

MANAGING URBANISATION in ASIA Proceedings of the Workshop Held in Sri Lanka; 25 - 26 June 2019

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MANAGING URBANISATION in ASIA Proceedings of the Workshop Held in Sri Lanka; 25 - 26 June 2019 AASSA Identification Standards BS 03 ᜽əܩ∑⵫4JHOBUVSF bb᮹᫵ᗭॅᮥᯥ᮹ಽ݅෕í᳑⧊⦹ᩍᔍᬊ⦹۵äᮥ ᝍᅝ॒ŝ⧉̹ᯝᱶ⦽Ƚ⊺ᨱ᮹⧕᳑⧊ࡽäᮥั⦹໑ ᳑⧊ᮡᬭऽษⓍ∑ܩ᜽ə ᮹⩶┽ಽ⧉̹ᔍᬊࡹ۵äᮡၵ௭Ḣ⦹ḡ༜⦹໑∑ܩɩ⦽݅ᬭऽษⓍ᪡ᩢྙಽŁ┡᯦ᯕ᜽ə ÑญෝࢱŁᇥญ᜽⍽ᔍᬊ⦹ࠥಾ⦽݅ ݅⦽ๅℕᨱᱢᬊ᜽b⇶᮹ʑᵡᖁᨱ฿∑ᵲᝍᮥᰂࠥಾ ෝᖁ┾⦹ᩍᔍᬊ⦹໑∑ܩᱢᬊ⦹۵ๅℕᨱ঑௝ᱢᱩ⦽᜽ə ᦥ௹ᩩ᜽۵እಡȽᱶᯥ ᨝ᨱᙹಾࡽᰍᔾᯱഭෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ᧝⦽݅ە᮹⪽ᬊ᜽ᨱ۵ᅙๅ∑ܩ᜽ə aಽ⩶᜽əܩ∑ The National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka (NASSL) & The Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (AASSA) ᖙಽ⩶᜽əܩ∑ MANAGING URBANISATION IN ASIA Proceedings of the Workshop held in Sri Lanka; 25 - 26 June 2019 MANAGING URBANISATION IN ASIA Proceedings of the Workshop held in Sri Lanka; 25 - 26 June 2019 Acknowledgements: The National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka (NASSL) wishes to place on record its gratitude and appreciation to the Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (AASSA) and the InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) for funding the Workshop. NASSL also records its grateful thanks to the Keynote Speaker, Guest Speakers and the Contributors of country papers as well as the participants for their contributions towards the success of the Workshop. MANAGING URBANISATION IN ASIA MANAGING URBANISATION IN ASIA Proceedings of the Workshop held in Sri Lanka; 25 - 26 June 2019 Copyright : © The National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka Published Year : 2019 Published by : The National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka ISBN : 978-955-8162-03-3 The material in this publication may be reproduced freely with due acknowledgement to the National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka. This report is a product of the National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka and the findings and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Fellows of the NASSL. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of NASSL concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations ‘developed’ and developing’ countries are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country in the development process. An electronic copy of this publication may be accessed at <www.nassl.org>. Supported by: The Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (AASSA) and the InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) Design and Lay-out by: K Amila Tharanga <[email protected]>; Printed by: Leaf d (Pvt) Ltd - ii - MANAGING URBANISATION IN ASIA CONTENTS PART I Prologue ................................................................................................... 5 The Workshop ......................................................................................... 5 Workshop Recommendations ................................................................ 13 Visit to the Port City Project, Colombo ................................................ 14 Epilogue ................................................................................................... 15 Annexes ................................................................................................... 17 PART II Keynote Address: New Provinces Based on River Basins and Urban Futures of Sri Lanka; Professor C M Madduma Bandara ......................................................... 23 Guest Speakers: Urbanizing versus Urbanization: Understanding the ‘Urban’ in Sri Lanka for the National Physical Plan 2050 - Dr Jagath Munasinghe ......................... 29 Country Papers • Nature of Urbanization and Urban Policies in India - Professor R B Bhagat ............................................................................................ 39 • Colonial Impact on Urbanization of Punjab through the Development of Urban Centres - Dr Amna Jahangir ....................... 57 • Managing Urbanization in Nepal: Challenges and Choices - Dr Sunil Babu Shrestha1 ............................................................................... 79 • Managing Urbanization in Sri Lanka: The Need for a Science-based Approach - Dr Locana Gunaratna .................................................. 89 • Urbanization and Social Sustainability: Policies and Strategies for Achieving Well-being - Dr Felia Srinaga & Dr Finarya Legoh ........ 99 • Urban Agriculture – Opportunities - Dr Susil Liyanarachchi ............ 111 • Urbanization and Industrialization in Asian Countries - Professor Amitabh Kundu ............................................................................. 121 • Changing Pattern in Infectious Diseases due to Urbanization - Professor Dato’ Dr Khairul Anuar B Abdullah ........................... 141 • Urbanization Policies in Sri Lanka: Are we ignoring health implications? - Professor Saroj Jayasinghe, Zhu Yongguan, Jo Ivey Boufford & Franz Gatsweiler ............................................... 151 1 Presented in absentia. - iii - - iv - MANAGING URBANISATION IN ASIA PART I Prologue During the 19th Century, the countries that underwent industrialization experienced economic growth coupled with urbanization. The latter occurred mainly through rural-urban migration. Later, the extensive mechanization of agriculture over the years in some of those countries also provided a further impetus to urbanization in their respective populations. Thus, economic growth has come to be closely associated with urbanization. Most international and regional development agencies are agreed that the bulk of the global population will be urbanized within the next decade i.e. by 2030. Urbanization and its consequences are most prominently manifest today in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The apex international scientific body, the InterAcademy Partnership (IAP - the Global Network of Science Academies) has gone on record stating that population growth coupled with unplanned urbanization is among the ten most serious global concerns. However, the conditions, particularly industrialization, which generated urbanization in 19th Century Europe, are not necessarily the same as those that cause urbanization in the LMICs today. A fundamental difference is that the former countries were not ‘colonized’ territories but all the latter were. And, colonization did cause some urbanization. Furthermore, it cannot be assumed that urbanization by itself is indicative of economic growth. Asian countries are the most populous among the LMICs and also where the problems of urbanization are likely to be most acute. It was in this backdrop that the National Academy of Science of Sri Lanka (NASSL) organized this workshop with the support of the Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (AASSA) and with financial support from the InterAcademy Partnership (IAP). This report documents the proceedings of that workshop. The Workshop The workshop was held on 25 and 26 June 2019 at the Citrus Hotel, Waskaduwa, south of Colombo. About 40 international and national experts, including Young Planners from Sri Lanka, participated (Annex 1). The proceedings commenced with a welcome by Dr Ranjith Mahindapala, President, National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka (NASSL). Professor Yoo Hang Kim, President, Association of Academies and Societies of Science in Asia (AASSA) in his remarks referred to the fact that people living in urban areas will reach 68% of the total population in 2050 compared with 54 % in 2014 and 30 % in 1950. Continuing population growth and urbanization are projected to add 2.5 billion people to the world’s urban population by 2050. Furthermore, this tremendous increase will be concentrated mostly in Asia. He added that cities just occupy only 2% of the land surface of the earth. This stark disparity between large population and extremely small habitat inevitably generates numerous problems in social infrastructures such as transportation, supply of essential resources to support city life, waste disposal and health-related problems such as air quality and medical - - MANAGING URBANISATION IN ASIA services. Unchecked and haphazard urban growth will also inevitably lead to a divided society between the haves and the have-nots, thus creating social unrest. Professor Kim added that in recognition of these problems, the United Nations has set ‘Making Cities and human Settlements Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable’ as one of its 17 sustainable development goals. To attain this goal, there is a need for trans-disciplinary studies encompassing all sectors including social sciences and humanities as well as strong commitments from policymakers and other major stakeholders. However, it goes without saying that science and technology will play a central role in addressing these problems. Just citing one example, through rapid progress and new breakthroughs science and technology have brought efficient mass transit systems and pollution-free automobiles within range. Coupled with artificial intelligence and big data platform these innovations have a potential to revolutionize public transport systems. In conclusion, he stated that the national academies of sciences are obligated to do their utmost in catalyzing these transformations by spearheading innovation, closing the knowledge gap, advising policymakers and engaging with all stakeholders including the general public. Workshop Objectives Dr Locana Gunaratna, Past President NASSL and Workshop Lead, presented the objectives of the workshop. In the main, the workshop was organized to examine the status of urbanization in Asian countries, and, to prepare a résumé of major
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anticolonialism, Nationalism, and State Formation: the Rise of Pakistan
    ANTICOLONIALISM, NATIONALISM, AND STATE FORMATION: THE RISE OF PAKISTAN KASIM ALI TIRMIZEY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA September 2018 © Kasim Ali Tirmizey, 2018 Abstract There is ongoing popular and scholarly debate about the rise of Pakistan as a nation-state. Much of this literature frames the emergence either in cultural terms as a territorial expression of transhistorical Muslim nationhood, or in a liberal framing as the outcome of the political mobilization of the Muslim community against Hindu domination. This dissertation makes a corrective by examining the constitutive role of radical anticolonialism in the rise of Pakistan, with a focus on the province of Punjab in British India from 1880 to 1947. I argue that the formation of the Pakistani nation-state entailed the condensation of multiple political struggles over rescaling empire. Muslim nationalism reified struggles over land, food, women’s bodies, and access to the colonial state as ethnic struggles between Muslims and Hindus, thus codifying class, caste and religion in essentialist terms. Despite popular energies of agrarian classes against Hindu Bania (moneylender caste) were redirected into radical anticolonialism by the Ghadar Party in the 1910s, the demand for Pakistan subsequently shifted the scale of anti-Bania antagonisms among agrarian classes onto claims for a Muslim national space. The materialization of a Muslim national space (Pakistan) and Hindu national space (India) cannot be understood in the absence of the repression of radical anticolonial movements such as the Ghadar Party, the Kirti Kisan Party, and communist organizing.
    [Show full text]
  • Love and Mysticism in the Punjabi Qissas of The
    LOVE AND MYSTICISM IN THE PUNJABI QISSAS OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES JEEVAN SINGH DEOL 1996 THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF M.PHIL. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES LONDON ProQuest Number: 10731592 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731592 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the tension between mystical ( haqTqT) and romantic (majazT) conceptions of love in the Punjabi qissa tradition before the end of the eighteenth century. All the texts under consideration date from before the third quarter of the eighteenth century and, therefore, both predate and inform the classical qissa tradition of the nineteenth century. The texts narrate three of the most commonly represented love stories in pre­ twentieth century Punjab, two of them versions of local folk legends and one an episode from the Quran. A total of six texts are considered in the thesis: Hafiz Barkhurdar's Mirza Sahiba, Siddlq Tail's Yusuf Zulatkha, and the versions of HTr by Ahmad, Muqbil and Varis Shah.
    [Show full text]
  • Love and Mysticism in the Punjabi Qissas of The
    LOVE AND MYSTICISM IN THE PUNJABI QISSAS OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES JEEVAN SINGH DEOL 1996 THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF M.PHIL. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES LONDON ProQuest Number: 10731592 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10731592 Published by ProQuest LLC (2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the tension between mystical (haqTqT) and romantic (majazT) conceptions of love in the Punjabi qissa tradition before the end of the eighteenth century. All the texts under consideration date from before the third quarter of the eighteenth century and, therefore, both predate and inform the classical qissa tradition of the nineteenth century. The texts narrate three of the most commonly represented love stories in pre­ twentieth century Punjab, two of them versions of local folk legends and one an episode from the Quran. A total of six texts are considered in the thesis: Hafiz Barkhurdar's Mirza Sahiba, Siddlq Tail's Yusuf Zulatkha, and the versions of HTr by Ahmad, Muqbil and Varis Shah.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Page of Text
    JPS: 11:2 Schreffler: Vernacular Music and Dance of Punjab Vernacular Music and Dance of Punjab Gibb Stuart Schreffler U.C. Santa Barbara ______________________________________________________ The field of Punjabi music is marked by an interaction between Punjabi music as contemporary practice and Punjabi music as people imagine it. In order to understand the state of vernacular music in Punjab it is instructive to devise a classificatory schema consisting of a few objectively determined, yet liberally conceived, musical subtypes. Following such a framework, this paper will describe how Punjabi musical activity manifests within each category, as well as how it has changed over time. Special note is taken of how ideas held about Punjabi vernacular music have themselves affected the development of music to its present form. Through a review of existing scholarship on Punjabi music it will be possible to delineate areas of future research. ______________________________________________________ Music is one of many realms that distinguishes Punjab1 as a cultural area. Given its importance, music is a mode through which Punjabis display their identity. Vernacular music and dance of Punjab both embody regional characteristics of the Punjab and index change in its society over time. The stories about Punjabi identity that are narrated through music evoke images which Punjabis use to particularize their ethnicity both within the Punjab and in diasporic communities around the globe. However, interpretive notions such as "traditional" and "modern," with which audiences assess the quality and "correctness" of musical performances, tell us more about how they perceive their own identity as Punjabis than they tell us about the music's stylistic classification.
    [Show full text]
  • My Feudal Lord
    MY FEUDAL LORD Tehmina Durrani Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar MY FEUDAL LORD Tehmina Durrani with William and Marilyn Hoffer Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar Author's Note There is a fantasy of a feudal lord as an exotic, tall, dark and handsome man, with flashing eyes and traces of quick-tempered gypsy blood Images of him parrying thrusts with the fiercest of swordsmen and riding off into the sunset on his black steed set the pubescent heart aflutter. He is seen as a passionate ladies' man and something of a rough diamond, the archetypal male chauvinist who forces a woman to love him despite his treatment of her. But the fantasy is far from reality, and my country of Pakistan must face up to reality if it is ever to grow and prosper. When I decided to write this book, I was aware of the perils of exposing the details of my private life to a male-dominated Muslim society. But I had to cast aside my personal considerations in favor of the greater good. There is a deep-rooted deficiency in the feudal value system, it must be diagnosed before it is treated T.D. Dedication I dedicate this book: To the people of Pakistan, who have repeatedly trusted and supported their leaders - leaders who have, in return, used the hungry, oppressed, miserable multitudes to further their personal interests. I want the people of my country to know the truth behind the rhetoric, so that they might learn to look beyond the facade. To the five other ex-wives of Mustafa Khar, who have silently suffered pain and dishonor while he walked away with impunity.
    [Show full text]
  • Entitlement Issues of Irrigation Water in South Punjab
    ENTITLEMENT ISSUES OF IRRIGATION WATER IN SOUTH PUNJAB Amjad Nazeer September 2012 (Islamabad) 1 Contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………….………3 I - Introduction and objectives of the research…………………………………………………….7 Rationale for the baseline study………………………………………………………………....7 The Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………...9 Scope of the study and sampling……………………………………………………………….....8 Indicators to assess the situation……………………………………………………….……….9 Theoretical framework…………………………………………………………………..…………..10 II – Historical context………………………………………………………………………………….12 III - The present state of irrigation and agriculture in Pakistan……………...………………..16 IV – Unpacking the Problems on ground….………….…………………………………………...21 Bureaucratic Lanes and Alleys……………………………………………………….………….21 Distribution, Warabandi and Insufficiency……………………………………………….…….28 Waste and waterlogging…………………………………………………………………………..36 Water theft……………………………………………………………………………………………37 Woes of tenants and tailenders………………………………………………………………..43 Conflicts around distribution and access……………………………………………...………45 Water Charges, Abyana or Moamla…………………………………………………..…………47 Using the used water……………………………………………………………………..………..49 National Water Policy and irrigation water…………………………………………………….50 Women farmers and entitlement to water…………………………………………….………..51 Water users associations…………………………………………………………….……...……53 V – Much needed reforms in policy and practices…………………………………………..…..54 VI – Implications of the study……………………………………………………………………..58 2 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………….59
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 10 (Lahore: Majlistaraqqi-Yi Adab, 1962), Pp
    Asian History, Culture and Environment: Vernacular and Oriental Paradigms PAPERS PRESENTED AT International Conference of Historians of ASIA 5-9 DECEMBER 2016 Vol. I Patron Syed Umar Hayat Officer Incharge, NIHCR Editors Sajid Mahmood Awan President IAHA Dr. Rahat Zubair Malik Secretary General IAHA National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University (New Campus) Islamabad, Pakistan 2016 ASIAN HISTORY, CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT: VERNACULAR AND ORIENTAL PARADIGMS Papers presented at International Conference of Historians of Asia December 5-9, 2016 Vol.I Patron Syed Umar Hayat Officer Incharge, NIHCR Editors Sajid Mahmood Awan President, IAHA Rahat Zubair Malik Secretary General, IAHA National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad – Pakistan 2016 ASIAN HISTORY, CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT: VERNACULAR AND ORIENTAL PARADIGMS Papers presented at International Conference of Historians of Asia December 5-9, 2016 Vol.I NIHCR Publication No. 190 Copyright 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing from the Director, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to NIHCR at the address below: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, New Campus, Quaid-i-Azam University P.O. Box 1230, Islamabad-44000. Tel: +92-51-2896153-54, +92-51-9240999 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: www.nihcr.edu.pk Published by Muhammad Munir Khawar, Publication Officer Sub-Editors Jamal Mughal, Arslan Ahmed, Abdul Rahman Printed at M/s Roohani Art Press, Sohan, Express Way, Islamabad.
    [Show full text]