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Shanxi Nutranovo Bio-Technology Co. Ltd

Food Quinoa Quinoa Starch Quinoa Powder Quinoa Oil Quinoa Quinoa Fiber

Cosmetics Quinoa

1.Introduction Quinoa Quinoa ( quinoa Willd.), which is considered a or pseudograin, has been recognized as a complete food due to its . It has remarkable nutritional properties; not only from its protein content (15%) but also from its great amino acid balance. It is an important source of minerals and , and has also been found to contain compounds like polyphenols, phytosterols, and flavonoids with possible nutraceutical benefits. It has some functional (technological) properties like solubility, water-holding capacity (WHC), gelation, emulsifying, and foaming that allow diversified uses. Besides, it has been considered an oil , with an interesting proportion of omega-3, omega-6 and a notable E content. Quinoa starch has physicochemical properties (such as , freeze stability) which give it functional properties with novel uses. Quinoa has a high nutritional value and has recently been used as a novel functional food because of all these properties. History of Quinoa as Food Quinoa, as a food , has been recognized for centuries as an important food crop in the high of . The very name quinoa in the Quechua and Aymara languages means "Mother Grain." Quinoa's food value in the developed world lies primarily with its . The can be boiled and combined with other foods as part of a meal, such as in a soup, or made into to be used to make or drinks, among other food types. There are several products derived from quinoa, such as puffs, flour, pastas, flakes, granola, energy bars, etc (FAO, 2013).

2. Quinoa and Saponin Full Balanced Nutrients of Quinoa Powder Quinoa have balance and an adequate supply of all essential nutrients. It's gluten-free alternatives may help ensure a more balanced diet for celiac suffers. Quinoa is considered to be a whole grain, which provides essential vitamins, minerals and fiber which help regulate the digestive system and keep you fuller and more satisfied. Quinoa is naturally gluten-free and contains , B-vitamins, magnesium, , potassium, calcium, and fiber. In comparison with , and yellow corn, quinoa was found to be higher in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, and, and was lower in sodium than the other (Oelke et al., 2016). It is one of only a few foods that are considered to be a complete protein and comprised of all nine essential amino acids (Johnson and Aguilera, 1979). The protein content (12-18%) is relatively high compared to conventional grains (Johnson and Croissant, 1985). The proximate analysis of quinoa is provided in Table 1, while nutrient content comparison, Vitamin and content comparison with other common foods are presented in Tables 2, 3 and 4, respectively.

Component Percent of seed %

Protein (N x 6.25) 15.8

Starch 65.5

Sugars 3.2

Oil 7.1

Ash 4.3

Crude fiber 2.5

Saponin 3.7

Table 1.Proximate analysis of Quinoa Quinoa also has a high protein to ratio when compared to other grain products. It was proposed by NASA to be an ideal food for long duration space flights (FAO, 2013). Quinoa also contains healthy fatty acids. Approximately 25% of quinoa’s fatty acids come in the form of oleic acid, a heart-healthy monounsaturated , and about 8% comes in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the omega-3 fatty acid most commonly found in .

Parameters Quinoa Wheat

Protein (g/100 g) 16.5 10.2 7.6 14.3

Fat (g/100 g) 6.3 4.7 2.2 2.3

Total 69.0 81.1 80.4 78.4

Iron (mg/100g) 13.2 2.1 0.7 3.8

Zinc (mg/100g) 4.4 2.9 0.6 4.7

Energy (Kcal/100g) 399 408 372 392

Table 2.Nutrient contents of quinoa and selected foods, per 100 g dry weight

Vitamin B1 Thiamin B2 Riboflavin B3 Niacin B6

(mg/100g) 0.29-0.36 0.30-0.32 1.24-1.52 0.487 0.184

Tablet 3. Quinoa powder Vitamin content

Quinoa showed more balanced elements than other . Crop Ca P Mg K Na Fe Cu Mn Zn

% PPM

Quinoa 0.19 0.47 0.26 0.87 115 135 67 128 50

Corn 0.07 0.36 0.14 0.39 900 21 - - -

Wheat 0.05 0.36 0.16 0.52 900 50 7 14

Table 4.Comparison of mineral content in barley, corn, wheat and quinoa

Qunioa Protein Quinoa provides 16% protein (dry weight), which is higher than most cereal grains, such as barley, rice, and corn. quinoa has an amino acid composition, protein efficiency ratio, protein digestibility, and balance comparable to milk protein, casein. Consequently, it is rare for a plant protein to So closely resemble that of animal origin.The protein is considered to be comparable to casein, a high-quality protein from dairy products. In addition,quinoa is considered to be a “complete” protein source, which means that it provides all the essential amino acids (Dixit, et al., 2011; Lee, et al., 2003),which are extremely close to human nutrition standards established by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). It is exceptionally high in the amino acid lysine, which is usually lacking in the plant kingdom. It is also high in methionine and histidine, making it an excellent plant-based protein source. Reference to Table 5. Quinoa protein is particularly high in lysine and methionine, amino acids limiting in cereal grains and , respectively. Quinoa protein is also high in histidine, an for infant development and those with chronic diseases. In South America, it has been used as a weaning food for centuries because of its nutritional attributes and high protein digestibility.

Amino Acid Content (g/100g protein) Amino Acid Quinoa Wheat Soy Skim Milk FAO Isoleucine 4.0 3.8 4.7 5.6 4.0 Leucine 6.8 6.6 7.0 9.8 7.0 Lysine 5.1 2.5 6.3 8.2 5.5 Phenylalanine 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.8 - Tyrosine 3.8 3.0 3.6 5.0 - Cystine 2.4 2.2 1.4 0.9 - Methionine 2.2 1.7 1.4 2.6 - Threonine 3.7 2.9 3.9 4.6 4.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 Valine 4.8 4.7 4.9 6.9 5.0 Table 5.Essential amino acid pattern of quinoa compared to wheat, soy, and FAO reference pattern (1973) for evaluating

Additionally, quinoa is not on the list of recognized food allergens. It is considered free of gluten or prolamins, the protein associated with allergenic reactions inwheat gluten, and barley. Prolamins, like gliadins found in wheat, ignite immune responses in patients with gluten induced enteropathy, also known as celiac disease. Quinoa is a pseudocereal named for its production of Small grain-like seeds, although the actual harvested grain is a single seeded . It is a dicotyledonous species not closely related to the monocoty ledonous species of true cereal grains like wheat, rye, and barley. As a result of differences in plant , quinoa does not contain the harmful amino acid sequences found in wheat. Therefore, it is concluded safe for a gluten-free diet and is recommended by the Celiac Disease Foundation and Gluten Intolerance Group. Furthermore, research presented at the International Workshop on Food Supplementation in Food Allergy and Immunity, found that quinoa is immunochemically safe and represents a viable alternative for gluten-free products.

Quinoa Protein Process flow:

Wash & Dry & Quinoa Fat Extract remove coat Smash

Separate Package Smash Dry & Separate Starch &Fiber Test Sterilization Protein Quinoa Saponin extract for Cosmetics Saponin found on quinoa seed coats. It’s soluble in water, and can be removed from the seed coat by rinsing the seeds in water, or by rubbing them. The seed pericarp contains a resin with 2 to 6% saponin (Cusack, 1984) which must be removed prior to consumption. Unless these are removed, the grain tastes quite bitter. Nutranovo supply the Quinoa Saponin extracted liquid and powder for cosmetic application. The Saponin contents from 5%~20%.

3. Nutranovo Quinoa Nutritional Composition Items Quinoa Quinoa Quinoa Quinoa Quinoa Powder Protein 20 Protein 60 Saponin Protein 13.5% 13.5% 20.5% 60.12% Fat 6.1% 6.1% 1.1% 0.43% Ash 2.2% 2.2% 1.4% 1.2% Carbohydrate 69.3% 69.3% 50.3% 30.2% Energy 1633 1633 1527 kJ/100g 1246 kJ/100g kJ/100g kJ/100g Sodium 1.13 1.13 0.93 0.73 mg/100g mg/100g mg/100g mg/100g Saponin ------5%~20%

4. Quinoa Commercial Application Applications Claims Examples Foods Quinoa 1. balance and all Food Ingredients, Infant Quinoa powder essential nutrients Formula Ingredients, Quinoa Protein 2. Gluten free Cosmetic Ingredients, Starch, Oil, Fiber Beverage, feed supplements Cosmetics Functional Skin care, Skin Body gel, facial cleanser, Cosmetics clean

Application Eaxamples of Quinoa powder