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Google Chrome Google Chrome Google Chrome is a web browser developed by Google that uses the WebKitlayout engine. It was first released as a beta version for Microsoft Windows on September 2, 2008, and the public stable release was on December 11, 2008. The name is derived from the graphical user interface frame, or "chrome", of web browsers. As of August 2011, Chrome is the third most widely used browser with 23.16% worldwide usage share of web browsers, according to StatCounter. In September 2008, Google released a large portion of Chrome's source code, including its V8 JavaScript engine, as an open source project entitledChromium.[3][4] This move enabled third-party developers to study the underlying source code and to help port the browser to the Mac OS X and Linux operating systems. Google also expressed hope that other browsers would adopt V8 to improve web application performance.[5] The Google-authored portion of Chromium is released under the permissive BSD license,[6] which allows portions to be incorporated into both open source and closed source software programs.[7] Other portions of the source code are subject to a variety of open source licenses.[8]Chromium implements a similar feature set as Chrome, but lacks built-in automatic updates, built-in PDF reader and Google branding, and most noticeably has a blue-colored logo in place of the multicolored Google logo.[9][10] developers Google inc. Initial release September 2, 2008; 3 years ago Stable release 14.0.835.163 (September 16, 2011; 3 days ago) [+/í] Preview release 15.0.874.15 (Dev) (September 15, 2011; 4 days ago) [+/í] Written in C++, Assembly, Python, JavaScript Operating system Linux Mac OS X (10.5 and later, Intel only) Microsoft Windows (XP SP2 and later) Engine WebKit (based on KHTML) Available in 50 languages Development status Active Type Web browser License Google Chrome Terms of Service;[note 1] WebKit: BSD/LGPL; V8: BSD Website google.com/chrome History For six years, Google's Chief Executive Eric Schmidt was against the idea of building an independent web browser. He stated that "At the time, Google was a small company", and he did not want to go through "bruising browser wars". However, after co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page hired several Mozilla Firefox developers and built a demonstration of Chrome, Mr. Schmidt admitted that "It was so good that it essentially forced me to change my mind".[11] Features Google Chrome aims to be secure, fast, simple[68] and stable. There are extensive differences from its peers in Chrome's minimalistic user interface,[15] which is atypical of modern web browsers.[69] For example, Chrome does not render RSS feeds.[70] Chrome's strength is its application performance and JavaScript processing speed, both of which were independently verified by multiple websites to be the swiftest among the major browsers of its time.[] Many of Chrome's unique features had been previously announced by other browser developers, but Google was the first to implement and publicly release them.[73] For example, its most prominent graphical user interface (GUI) innovation, the merging of the address bar and search bar (the Omnibox), was first announced by Mozilla in May 2008 as a planned feature for Firefox.[74] Such a feature was already implemented in Konqueror in 2004.[citation needed] Speed The JavaScript virtual machine used by Chrome, the V8 JavaScript engine, has features such as dynamic code generation, hidden class transitions, and precise garbage collection.[15] Tests by Google in September 2008 showed that V8 was about twice as fast as Firefox 3.0and the WebKit nightlies.[citation needed] Several websites performed benchmark tests using the SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark tool as well as Google's own set of computationally intense benchmarks, which include ray tracing and constraint solving.[93] They unanimously reported that Chrome performed much faster than all competitors against which it had been tested, including Safari (for Windows), Firefox 3.0, Internet Explorer 7, Opera, and Internet Explorer 8.[94][95][96][97][98][99] However in more recent independent tests of JavaScript performance, Chrome has been scoring just behindOpera's Presto engine since it was updated in version 10.5.[100] On September 3, 2008, Mozilla responded by stating that their own TraceMonkey JavaScript engine (then in beta), was faster than Chrome's V8 engine in some tests.[101][102][103] John Resig, Mozilla's JavaScript evangelist, further commented on the performance of different browsers on Google's own suite, commenting on Chrome's "decimating" (sic) of the other browsers, but he questioned whether Google's suite was representative of real programs. He stated that Firefox 3.0 performed poorly on recursion intensive benchmarks, such as those of Google, because the Mozilla team had not implemented recursion-tracing yet.[104] Two weeks after Chrome's launch, the WebKit team announced a new JavaScript engine, SquirrelFish Extreme,[105] citing a 36% speed improvement over Chrome's V8 engine.[106][107][108] Chrome uses DNS prefetching to speed up website lookups, as do Firefox[109] and Safari.[110] This feature is available in Internet Explorer as an extension, and in Opera as a UserScript. Chrome utilizes the faster SPDY protocol designed to augment HTTP[111][112] when communicating with Google services, such as Google Search, Gmail, Chrome sync and when serving Google's ads. Google acknowledges that the use of SPDY is enabled in the communication between Chrome and Google's SSL-enabled servers.[113] System requirements The recommended requirements for optimal performance of Chrome are:[169] Windows: XP Service Pack 2+ / Vista / 7, Intel Pentium 4 or later, 100MB Hard Disk, 128MB memory Mac OS X: 10.5.6 or later, Intel (not PPC), 100MB Hard Disk, 128MB memory Linux: Ubuntu 8.04 or later / Debian 5 / OpenSuse 11.1 / Fedora Linux 10, Intel Pentium 3 / Athlon 64 or later, 100MB Hard Disk, 128MB memory Firefox mozilla Firefox is a free and open source[8] web browser descended from theMozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation. As of August 2011, Firefox is the second most widely used browser, with approximately 30% of worldwide usage share of web browsers.[9][10][11] The browser has had particular success in Germany and Poland, where it is the most popular browser with 55% usage[12] and 47%[13] respectively. to display web pages, Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine, which implements most current web standards in addition to several features that are intended to anticipate likely additions to the standards.[14] Features include tabbed browsing, spell checking, incremental find, live bookmarking, a download manager, private browsing, location-aware browsing (also known as "geolocation") based exclusively on a Google service[15] and an integrated search system that uses Google by default in most localizations. Functions can be added through extensions, created by third-party developers,[16] of which there is a wide selection, a feature that has attracted many of Firefox's users. Firefox runs on various operating systems including Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux,Mac OS X, FreeBSD, and many other platforms. Its current stable release is version 6.0.2, released on September 6, 2011.[17] Firefox's source code is tri-licensed under the GNU GPL, GNU LGPL, or Mozilla Public License.[18] Original authors Mozilla Corporation Developer(s) Mozilla Foundation Initial release November 9, 2004 Stable release 6.0.2 (September 6, 2011; 14 days ago)[+/í] Preview release 7.0 Beta 6 (September 19, 2011; 1 day ago) [+/í] Written in C/C++, JavaScript,[1] CSS,[2][3] XUL,XBL Operating system Cross-platform Engine Gecko Size 12 MB ± Windows[4] 27 MB ± Mac OS X[4] 13 MB ± GNU/Linux (i686)[4] 15 MB ± GNU/Linux (x86_64)[4] 63 MB ± source code[4] Available in 83 locales (74 languages)[5] Development status Active Type Web browser FTP client License Since version 3.0.6: MPL, GNU GPLor GNU LGPL, version 3.0.5 and Earlier executable code versionMozilla Firefox EULA 1.0/1.1,version 3.0.5 and Earlier source code version of certain Firefox functionality: MPL[6][7] Website firefox.com History Main article: History of Firefox The Firefox project began as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project by Dave Hyatt, Joe Hewitt and Blake Ross. They believed the commercial requirements of Netscape's sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.[19] To combat what they saw as the Mozilla Suite's software bloat, they created a stand-alone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite. On April 3, 2003, the Mozilla Organization announced that they planned to change their focus from the Mozilla Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.[20] Version list Version 2.0 -October 24, 2006 Version 3.0 -June 17, 2008 Version 3.5 -June 30, 2009 Version 3.6 - December 1, 2008 Version 4.0 -March 22, 2011 Version 5.0 -June 21, 2011 Version 6.0 - August 16, 2011 Version 7.0 -testing Version 8.0 ±testing Version 9.0 -testing Features Main article: Features of Firefox Principal Firefox features[107] include tabbed browsing, spell checking, incremental find, live bookmarking, a download manager, private browsing, location-aware browsing based on a Google service[15] and an integrated search system that uses Google by default in most localizations. Functions can be added through extensions, created by third-party developers,[16] of which there is a wide selection, a feature that has attracted many of Firefox's users. Additionally, Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools, such as the Error Console or the DOM Inspector, or extensions, such as Firebug.
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