(NASA/ GSFC) on Behalf of the Fermi LAT Collaboration

'°° Fermi LAT Collaboration

Recent Results on SNRs and PWNe from the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Elizabeth Hays (NASA/ GSFC) On behalf of the Fermi LAT Collaboration . Sonoma state ^,^;v^rs^r^ Oh n state vn veers«, University of Washington

Galactic Results from LAT + 1 FGL Galactic populations + The seen, the unseen, and the unknown + Selected Highlights Pulsars -+- Pulsar Wind Nebulae + Supernova Remnants + Transients Future Prospects

The 1 FGL Catalog

a .. 2 , 1 March 28 2010 Astropic of the day r. H",

n Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources Variability in I FGL Sources

+ Previous MeV-GeV energy gamma-ray missions left a legacy of "unidentified" sources (-2/3 of 3EG catalog) -#- Unidentified meant multiple possible candidates OR no plausible candidates hinassociatedj + LAT first catalog <50% unassociated #- LAT associations greatly aided by t Dramatically improved gamma-ray localization + Dedicated catalogs of potential gamma-ray counterparts + Multiwavelength searches LAT identifications from

^- Periodicity -a a5 a., t a5bi a5'ao h rc.101 SNF ol PINN I + Spatial morphology 4GM1 ^t S DirS Ga a v PWN f xGw s ,c a y 3 . & -^- Correlated variability with other observations SNR xr ',D Curvature in 1 FGL Sources Spectral-Variability Classification -+,- Separability of blazars and pulsars in the variability-spectral curvature plane

r 40 Y Y ^

V a -±b :atcn YY Sl PVtV AGty <' P N - SL _ aa. Y'N y CI L lazy NF ^ A1JJ ^^

Pulsars and their wind nebulae Gamma-ray Pulsars and MSPs + Bright Nebulae in the GeV band

More `.han 56 xnna-ray pulsars -- [ f +rat -ra- Pius gam y. -selected MSP .,..,. Abdo, A. A. et al. 20'6. APJS, '87, 460 .... F GeV PWN Search Crab Pulsar and Nebula

+Known high-energy PWNe Pulsar 100 Merl to 20 GeV Nebula nom Mev o,r"V From X-rav and TeV observations Crab, Vela X, MSH 15-52 nebulae... +Off-peak searches of gamma-ray puisars + Catalog from LAT team underway +Young, energetic radio pulsars +TeV nebula candidates Hpp -.Yp n nt 1 u[Ott ex Ind d at -5 s.., t. v C ^rsistent with emission Inverse Compton emission y ell above the neunon consistent with mear magne t :, field star surface in nebula 100 ;,G < g < 200 pG

z„ 1 ,, Abdo, A. A. e al. 2010, ApJ.. 705, 1254

Vela X: Nebula of the Vela Pulsar

Ex.a:s...._. map __. w„ II S Profi,e a

Data compared with a simulated point source at Excess counts E>800 MeV position of Vela Pulsar Abdo. A_ A, et aI. 20 i0, Atu, 713. 1 46 - ..

4 Supernova Remnants Resolved GeV Sources

bright gamma-ray sources associaiea wan seven, supernovae interacting with molecular clouds Extension resolved in LAT data

;,AT counts map Q 8 GeV) LAT counts map {2-;0 GeVj X-ray (0.'-----2A keV, black) and Radio ii 4 GHz. gre .w_.5 radio (1.4 GHz, green) contours

Galactic Transients LAT Unassociated Transient Detections

.: Unassociated Transients from daily search 0 Low latitude blazars from First LAT Catalog Gamma rays from a Nova V 407 Cygni - a symbiotic nova

P—mo,i and t.imm, co

March 11 - A Nova! H d ogen s. nng un to tl 1f,—. of th, w h,te dt r ",ites a o Iu.Iear explos€on (30-60 of these peryenr in Milky way)

t i - t i va optical Ilgghtc.— d s^osrred by ! ' a t omens, —1-- r_, . " 'Nis-hivama and t ' Kobus icns i ".

[ : r- detect ° . _ • x n ew g-111- 1111 source in the same field on" "-`• March 13 (ATEL ^ #2487)UsaauY ^b t h e d Spectrum doe=_ not took tvi—al -a symbiotic re—ent nova? t - few ry t , expiod , in decade t —les )RS c l hmchi - .!od)

V Symbiotic Nova. Summary

Symbiotic Binary System: White dwarf + red giant system Nova: White dwarf builds up mass envelope to the point of thermonuclear fusion + Dramatic increase in visual magnitude -4- Recurrent Nova? + Hints but no strong confirmation of previous nova -r Pre-nova activity + White dwarf shows ongoing variability at level of several in magnitude -d- V407 Cyg companion is a Mira star showing variability at level of several in magnitude -13—t —vfrorii, at -t0 sceiiar wind Origin of the gamma rays? http.Ilferrni.gsfc. nasa. gov ^- Strong shock propagating into dense medium around &,^}nt star jand stellar wind) e — ^_Pin^.dera n^elesasqu.urpcesses2Jhzehusu ahluxie^

Pulsars everywhere...

>50 gamma-ray pulsars so far >40 young, energetic pulsars + 9 old, recycle. ulltsecond I pulsars +identf EGREC ienz,f,,,s and _.AT —dentin-s C amnia iy beam is Ngger ti,i radio bea:rr Pulsar sJerfra havxponent_". -^t(Iffs in inc GeV band

a ,lnetr5 anare pr< uaa-d Bonus- ,cic t 1 ,urcing up new radio millisecond pulsars Blazars

tt montfi data sat Preliminary 1079 TS>25. 10b10'sources y. ^•t:. t..' .,iJ ,..' .' 668 AGNs(Paas.<>80%) ..s. i^:::^ .^S' : aY 86 candidates f^; '. ^y`' t -

census 286 FSROs 2s4REL . s +. L. •^^ ;a

-- cr sr>y,tsy >

Dtitereness Wm— Northern Hemtzphare aM Fasre^s: Ps-164,5 Healey of ,, Sauth,,,,,,(FSRQs-7:, SLLACS. 25%) -1-374F $l:— a,

-^ Cosmic-ray e-+e spectrum from 20 GeV to 1 TeV The Large Area Telescope Tracker(TKR) +LAT error Anti-Coincidence Detector band .r,-cCudes IACD): ' ^vateioatics sy ^, +Mode'' assunws - standard CR

''• injection and w y , , t propagation

._. g qw Re on ^.,e. CCAL):afoh meter v F ( CAL) 536 C8, Abdo et aL 2009, Physical R—i— Lenc-,

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C,1 The Fermi Observatory - Large Area Telescope (LAT) Large Field f V” w >2.4 sr Large Area ACD Broac Energy Range 20 WV- >300 GeV Telescope (LAT) ^ ^ ^`-. 89 hl", 89 Iles 'f ^

. Large field of^ z' Tracker view (>2A sr) Gamma-ray i Si strip detectors Burst Monitor Tungsten foil Entire sky (GBM) converters every 3 hrs pitch = 228 um (every 2 orbits) r Views entire 8.8x10' channel: ueocculted skv 18 planes a Broad energy range (20 MeV - •+ Nall: 8keV- '., >300 GeV) Calorimeter i MeV cel crystals ♦ BOO: 150 kV hodoscopic array 40 MeV 6.1xi0' channel= 8 lavers 4x4 defector array

LAT Sensitivity with Time Candidate Gamma-ray Events

Transient Science: hares, bursts, mu16wavelength campaigns, unidentified transients Accumulated Science: New sowce t„Ipes. populz , mng- n, mor-toting, spatially extended and diffuse studies Deepest and most uniform survey of the sky at these energies

All-sky coverage 3 hrs i2 o,bitsl

M _. .etrvru . ^^.. due ce pa=sages o S t t 1 n, nr A ,< x.

Red ^•K ..

9 I...° On-orbit Energy Calibration On-orbit Rates d,ysx ba. dazo (} thl y h corsd -t- Occasional charge e. q r + Overall f ,gger ra !,,, Nil=r injection runs s f + Huge z -nations d- , o H^ Mg + Low energy - protons v i a orbital effects + High energy - "heavy !. ion" triggers that + Downlink i a e- -400 00 riz overlap low and nigh tky ?>wnL^.k rite + -40 'Yom ga t nt a a=lter range readout j')r - + -21 30 11r iron, + Energy cae_ t or i monnotec hti vE ^. + 5 r ,r,. ,i =ts or, cosmic-ray nuclei . a^ ""e9a M^^.. fi'.ter + 500 Mete Carbor. Eenh Photor, rate '.. + 8 GeV Iron + Photon 'e;e"Ied e"env (passing standard b ( `sgrourd Pf .ejection cuts): -1 (z

,., Gamma ray... Cosmic ray... Both? 1 year sky map

On-orbit ef7ect - reduced efleetive area at low energy due to signals from out-of-time particles in the readout Post-launch update - properly modeled in simulations Planned update - improve reconstruction to regain area

10 I'll LAT Automated Science Processing Reported GeV Flares

Automatic transient monitoring All-sky search runs every 6 hours, 1 day, 1 week + Astronomers Telegrams + >70 since July 2008 + Associated blazars plus 6 initially unidentified transients -4- Fermi Gamma-ray Sky Blog Typical count map for 6 4- notes on daily and weekly source activity hours + http:llfermisky.blo2siDot.com (E>100 Me %Pj

LAT flare advocates monitor results and trigger multiwavelength follow-up. Reports at http://fermisky.blogspot.coml'

Early Activity and Spectacular Flare Gamma-ray Transients near the Galactic Plane

3C 454.3 GRO J1838-04 EGRET observed 3.5 day flare near the Galactic Plane in June 1995

------

l 7 A;)J 47 ) ,1(09

Photon flux of brightest persistent GeV source, vela No a star candidates found Pulsar (-1 v evc ry 2 .mmi _

Two Early Unassociated Transients ^t Counterpart Search - Fermi J091O-5041

- ^11 High confidence Fermi J0910-5041 > 10 sigma (1rE1. +r '^ ririj

tr^obr- u_^s 3 <<„^ Counts per day ON ______------, ^ (E>200 Me\J ',.. g,.",-,. "y a...... - >. ,.,. ,» S—ftx rroc; - 3 deg radius I -expo eccrx i .,I Fermi JO910-5041 sca; c- ca re rage baekg .race

Average backgto-ind L d f ITE 22) _^-_,:..:_gate '... =ith flatpecnnm a < uox,, SUMMS and AT20G (S^acirr

Counterpart Search - 3EG JO903-3531 A New LAT Transient - J1057-602;

3EG J0903.3531 IATEL e : 77l i S - October 5. 2008. .e g--- _ nere._e.—I 3 day, LAT - 5x above 3EG flux - lax above average gamma-ray flex - Swift XRT TOO with-, 2 days d rev Updated LAT 95% error cn,!e ($ months) contains a flat- spectrura radio source anc >ue Swift/XRT source