(X-ray) binaries in γ-rays
Guillaume Dubus
thanks to B. Cerutti, S. Corbel, R. Corbet, R. Dubois, G. Henri, A. Hill, M. de Naurois, J. Pétri, A. Szostek..., Fermi/LAT & HESS collaborations
TIARA workshop on the transient universe - NTHU, Hsinchu Taiwan Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 1 Transients in the Galactic Plane Fermi/LAT all-sky survey mode. Automated search runs every 6 hours, 1 day, 1 week. weekly report http://fermisky.blogspot.com
Fermi/LAT 1 day
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 2 Transients in the Galactic Plane
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 3 Gamma-rays from a nova
-6 • thermonuclear runaway WD ejects 10 M⦿ at ~ 3000 km/s • symbiotic system: red giant wind & radiation Walder, Folini & Shore 2008 Abdo et al. 2010
44 + - • Mini-supernova, 10 erg, !0 from high energy p or IC on e
• one every few years ? (Yungelson et al. 1995)
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 4 Binaries in gamma-rays
accreting compact • gamma-ray binaries (5) binary – γ-ray emission dominates, modulated on orbital period – powered by spindown of young pulsar (?) – new probe of pulsar relativistic winds • accreting X-ray binaries (1)
– accretion-powered, neutron star, black hole gamma-ray binary – non-thermal radio emission associated to relativistic jet – Cyg X-3, flares, modulation on orbital period • Symbiotic nova (1)
– thermonuclear runaway ejects shell symbiotic nova – shock acceleration, mini SNR • Colliding wind binary (1?) – non-thermal emission associated with shock structure
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 5 Gamma-ray binaries
• O/Be + compact object 4-1200d orbits • dominant gamma-ray emission • rotation powered by high E pulsar (?) • probes of pulsar winds
LS I +61 303 spectral energy distribution (Zdziarski et al. 2009) GD 2006 Tuesday, December 13, 2011 6 radio morphology
Dhawan et al. 2006 LS I +61 303 (also PSR B1259, LS 5039, HESS J0632)
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 7 magnetar-like activity ?
• SGR/AXP burst within 2’ of LS I+61o303 Swift BAT GCN 8215
230 ms burst, E=1037 erg blackbody kT=7.5 keV, R=100m
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 8 Gamma-ray binaries detected detected + orbital variability
system Porb radio X-ray GeV TeV
PSR B1259-63 psr Be 1237
LS 5039 ? O 3.9
LS I +61 303 ? Be 26.5
HESS J0632+057 ? Be 320
1FGL J1018.6-5856 ? O 16.6
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 10 Low-mass gamma-ray binaries...? detected detected + orbital variability
system Porb radio X-ray GeV TeV
PSR B1259-63 psr Be 1237
LS 5039 ? O 3.9
LS I +61 303 ? Be 26.5
HESS J0632+057 ? Be 320
1FGL J1018.6-5856 ? O 16.6
PSR J1023+0038 psr M 0.2
XSS J12270-4859 ? M 0.2
+9 black widow... psr low 0.2-0.5
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 11 Orbital modulations
X-rays (HESS J0632) (Swift) radio (PSR B1259-63) (Parkes)
Johnston et al. 2005 Bongiorno et al. 2011
GeV TeV (LS I+61 303) (LS 5039) (Fermi/LAT) (HESS)
Abdo et al. 2009 Aharonian et al. 2006
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 12 γ-ray modulation
• inverse Compton on star photons apastron apastron periastron periastron
apastron periastron
inverse Compton (GeV)
Bednarek ; Khangulyan & Bosch-Ramon, Sierpowska-Bartosik & Torres, GD Cerutti Henri , Takata & Taam, Yamaguchi & Takahara Tuesday, December 13, 2011 13 γ-ray modulation
• inverse Compton on star photons • pair production on star photons (opacity) apastron apastron periastron periastron
apastron periastron
inverse Compton inverse Compton + pair production (GeV) (TeV)
Bednarek ; Khangulyan & Bosch-Ramon, Sierpowska-Bartosik & Torres, GD Cerutti Henri , Takata & Taam, Yamaguchi & Takahara Tuesday, December 13, 2011 14 γ-ray modulation
• inverse Compton on star photons: anisotropic • pair production on star photons (opacity) inf conj inf conj sup conj sup conj sup conj to observer inf conj →
inverse Compton (GeV)
Bednarek ; Khangulyan & Bosch-Ramon, Sierpowska-Bartosik & Torres, GD Cerutti Henri , Takata & Taam, Yamaguchi & Takahara Tuesday, December 13, 2011 15 γ-ray modulation
• inverse Compton on star photons: anisotropic • pair production on star photons (opacity): anisotropic inf conj inf conj sup conj sup conj sup conj to observer inf conj →
inverse Compton inverse Compton + pair production (GeV) (TeV)
→ identify emission mechanism
Bednarek→ distinguish ; Khangulyan &intrinsic Bosch-Ramon, variability Sierpowska-Bartosik from & Torres,variability GD Cerutti due Henri to, Takata observer & Taam, Yamaguchi geometry & Takahara Tuesday, December 13, 2011 16 γ-ray modulation of LS 5039
Massive star + orbit fixes (almost) everything Cerutti et al. 2010
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 17 VHE pair cascade LS 5039
• Significant pair cascade emission at superior conjunction • Limits magnetic field ~a few G.
VHE lightcurve & model cascade emission (only) @ sup. conjunction
total
pairs
Cerutti et al. 2010
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 18 Modulated Doppler boost
• X-ray modulation in LS 5039 Takahashi+, Kishishita+ 2009
LS 5039 VHE
X-ray
GD+ 2010
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 19 Modulated Doppler boost
• X-ray modulation in LS 5039 Takahashi+, Kishishita+ 2009 • shocked wind ~ relativistic, orientation changes along orbit • Doppler boost changes synchrotron and IC lightcurve
LS 5039 VHE
X-ray
GD+ 2010 caveat: X-ray emission region likely large Szostek+ 2011 Tuesday, December 13, 2011 20 LS I+61o303: lightcurve
• modulation: inverse Compton on star photons ?
Abdo+ 2009, Hadasch+ submitted
0.7 au to observer 26 d →
HE peak offset from IC expectations HE (VHE) modulation changes
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 21 LS I+61o303: spectrum
• spectrum: two populations of HE particles
Hadasch+ submitted
striped pulsar wind pulsar wind emission ? nebula (Pétri & GD 2011) GeV-faint, TeV-bright systems ?
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 22 X-ray binaries / microquasars
relativistic outflow (radio, IR) probe link with gamma-rays
normal star (IR, optical)
accretion disk (optical, X, LE !)
Image H. Spruit black hole or neutron star
Accreting binaries in gamma-rays: Cygnus X-3
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 23 Cyg X-3: a microquasar in γ-rays
AGILE & Fermi/LAT detections Tavani+ 2009, Abdo+ 2009, Williams+ 2011, Bulgarelli+ 2011, Corbel+ sub.
Swift/BAT 15-50 keV
Fermi Abdo et al. 2009
AGILE AGILE Tuesday, December 13, 2011 24 Major radio flare, March 21, 2011
Corbel+ subm.
Accretion non-thermal / thermal
Ejection
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 25 HE γ-rays from a microquasar
Figure: A. Szostek !-rays <10% X-rays
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 26 γ-ray and X-ray modulation • X-ray modulation: Thomson scattering in Wolf-Rayet wind
Abdo+ 2009 ~γ-ray min X-ray max inf. conj.
X-rays X-ray min sup. conj. ~γ-ray max
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 27 γ-ray and X-ray modulation • γ-ray modulation: inverse Compton on Wolf-Rayet photons
GD+ 2010 ~γ-ray min X-ray max inf. conj.
X-rays X-ray min sup. conj. ~γ-ray max
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 28 γ-ray and X-ray modulation • location: not too close/far, recollimation shock ? precession ? GD+ 2010
X-rays
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 29 γ-ray emission zone
• corona unlikely Cerutti+ 2011
γγ opacity non-thermal corona
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 30 How unique is Cygnus X-3 ?
Cyg X-3
LS 5039 Cyg X-1 HMXB
LS I +61 303
LMXB
PSR B1259-63
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 31 Summary !-ray emission from NS/BH binaries F. Mirabel 2006
gamma-ray binaries (rotation) X-ray binaries / μquasar (accretion)
!-ray flares/modulations are a powerful tool to understand these systems
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 32 Summary !-ray emission from NS/BH binaries F. Mirabel 2006
gamma-ray binaries (rotation) X-ray binaries / μquasar (accretion)
Pulsars, Pulsar Wind Nebulae Active Galactic Nuclei (Colliding Wind Binaries) Gamma-Ray Bursts
Tuesday, December 13, 2011 33