Coatings Based on Gp® Ck-2400 Phenolic Resin

COATINGS BASED ON GP ® CK-2400 PHENOLIC RESIN

Page Formula Starting Point

3 GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin

4 Cold-Blending Vehicles

18 Cooking Vehicles

27 Appendix

The formulas and information in this book are provided as starting points and directional guidance for development of a customer’s individual formulations.

2 GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin GP ® CK-2400 phenolic resin is a non-heat reactive, oil-soluble resin used to make high-performance varnishes and oi-based vehicles for paints. Both air- drying and baking coatings have given excellent performance in a wide variety of applications.

GP CK-2400 resin is compatible with all the common drying oils, such as tung, linseed, castor and oiticica oils. Varnishes of any oil length may be prepared by the cold-blend or cooking processes. GP CK-2400 is also compatible with many oil-containing alkyd resins and is used at a 5-25% of alkyd solids to improve the water resistance, hardness, gloss and leveling of such systems.

GP CK-2400 phenolic resin is soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, glycol ethers, ketones, and esters. However, the oil-containing varnish vehicles based on GP CK-2400 may be thinned with aromatic mineral sprits or blends of Rule 66/3-type mineral spirits containing at least 10% active solvent such as an alcohol or glycol ether.

Varnishes based on GP ® CK-2400 phenolic resin feature fast drying speed, light colors, water and corrosion resistance, and good durability. Clear exterior wood varnishes based on combinations of GP CK-2400 and copolymer 186- 85%*, a drying oil developed for cold-blend systems, have shown outstanding wood protection and exterior durability compared to many other available wood finishes.

Applications for GP CK-2400 Resins:

. Floor coatings . Floor enamels . Spar varnishes . Porch and deck enamels . Metal primers and zinc-rich primers . Ready-mixed aluminum maintenance paints . Alkyd modifiers for improved water and alkali resistance and for faster drying . Oleoresinous can coatings . Printing inks . Government specification vehicles

*Supplier: Vertellus

3 Cold-Blending Vehicles

Cold-blending GP ® CK-2400 phenolic resin is an economical and convenient way to make high-quality paints and varnishes. It involves simply the mixing of a phenolic resin and a drying oil at room temperature. The resulting type of vehicle offer a number of advantages over cooking:

Economy No varnish cooking equipment needed. No heat needed for reaction. Three to ten percent volatile loss eliminated. No pollution from solvents and fumes.

Improved Quality Lighter-colored products produced. No darkening from cooking. Greater consistency in quality. No variables introduced by cooking. Properly formulated blends are at least equal to cooked varnishes in dry time, toughness, durability and resistance to water and chemicals

Convenience GP CK-2400 phenolic resin is versatile and convenient to use. With GP CK-2400 resin a coatings manufacturer can easily expand its product line with high- quality varnishes or fortified alkyds.

Cold-blended vehicles can, therefore, replace cooked vehicles in many applications. There are limitations. For example, varnishes with low solids at high viscosities cannot be made by this process. Also, the maximum length tung oil varnish that can be made gasproof is about 19 gallons.

Varnishes and enamels prepared by the cold-blend technique typically dry faster and show a higher gloss than comparable finishes made in the conventional way. In every other respect, including exterior durability, performance is at least equal.

4 Cold-Blending Vehicles

Any varnish oil can be used in cold-blend preparations, however, unbodied oils are used when high solids or low viscosities are desired. Using a 40% solution of GP ® CK-2400 resin in a mineral spirits/isopropanol mixture (9/1) as a starting point, a great variety of varnishes can be produced by simply mixing in the necessary oils and solvents.

5 Ready-Mixed Aluminum Paints

Ready-mixed aluminum paints based on GP ® phenolic resins offer the paint consumer one of the most durable single-coat finishes for metal available in the modern coatings market:

• They adhere to and protect cleaned metal surfaces, providing unusual performance in a single-coat decorative finish applied by brush and thinned by mineral spirits.

• Aluminum pigments show better leafing retention of the aluminum particles in phenolic varnishes than in most other vehicles that offer comparable durability in the finished paint system.

• The inherent adhesion characteristics of phenolic resin varnishes make them the ideal vehicle choice for ready-mixed aluminum paints where convenience and/or economy limit the coating operation to one application. Where a good quality primer system can be used, additional service life will be obtained in proportion to the film thickness and quality of he primer applied.

• Aluminum paints based on phenolic varnishes are easy to recoat. The aluminum paint makes a good base for subsequent repainting with a minimum of surface preparation.

• Ready-mixed paints based on phenolic varnishes prepared by cold blending compare favorably in exterior durability and in leafing retention with comparable cooked varnish. The method of vehicle preparation is, therefore, optional. An equally durable base is available to those manufacturers who do not have varnish cooking equipment. A simple efficient high-speed agitator would be the only equipment required to produce these durable finishes.

6 Performance of Aluminum Paints Aluminum Exposure Results Paint* Vehicle Leafing Retention Number 42 Months New Jersey

Aged Aged Aged Aged Rusting Blistering 16 45 2 Mos 10 Yrs Mos Mos GP ® CK-2400 resin, tung oil/bodied linseed oil Very Very Very 6 None None Excellent (75/25) 25 good good good gallons. Cold- blend procedure. GP CK-2103 resin, cooked Very Very Very 8 None None Excellent with tung oil. good good good 25 gallons. Severe Epoxy resin over 50% 10 None Poor Poor None None ester panel area Commercial alkyd Moderate Moderate Very 12 (medium- at sides of at sides of None None None poor length soya panel panel phthalic) Severe Petroleum Severe over Very 13 hydrocarbon over entire None None None entire poor resin varnish panel panel Very slight Terpene resin rusting Fair to 15 None Poor Fair Fair varnish near Poor edges. Rosin- Panel removed after 36 pentaerythritol 16 months: entire panel Fair Fair Fair Fair ester resin severely rusted varnish

*Finished paints were prepared with two pounds of standard grade aluminum paste per gallon of vehicle and reduced 7 to Gardner-Holdt viscosity B. Formula Starting Points for Cold-Blend Vehicles

Formula Oil Page Starting Title Drying Oil Length, Point Gallons

9 VF-1922 Resin Solution None --

Cold-blend Gray 10 EF-2109 Tung/Linseed 27 Enamel Cold-blend Spar 11 PC-2486 Varnish for High Solids Tung/Linseed 25 and Wrinkle Resistance Cold-blend Spar 12 PC-3647 Tung/Linseed 30 Varnish

Copolymer 14 PC-3466 Cold-blend Varnish 25 186-85%*

Cold-blend Aluminum 15 PC-3470 Tung/Linseed 25 Paint Vehicle

Ready-mixed 16 PP-3471 Tung/Linseed 25 Aluminum Paint

Cold-blend Maroon 17 PP-3472 Tung/Linseed 17 Floor Paint

*Supplier: Vertellus

8 Formula Starting Point VF-1922 Resin Solution

Ingredients Pounds Gallons

GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 100 11.0

Mineral Spirits 135 20.8

Isopropanol, 99% 15 2.3

Total 250 34.1

Dissolve the resin in the solvent by heating in a steam-jacketed kettle or Procedure: “Cowles” dissolver (closed) to 175°F (79°C).

Properties: Specific Gravity 0.890 (7.41 lb/gal)

Non-volatiles 40% by wt

Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt G-L

Color, Gardner 1933 6-12*

*Color will depend on the method of solution preparation, heating darkens the resin solution. 9 Formula Starting Point EF-2109 Cold-Blend Gray Enamel Ingredients Pounds Gallons Titanium Dioxide, Rutile 340.65 9.74 Zinc Oxide 60.14 2.68 Lampblack 2.83 0.19 GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 160.11 17.72 Tung Oil 150.52 19.20 Linseed Oil* 64.07 7.91 Isopropanol 23.96 3.68 Mineral Spirits 257.78 39.60 Driers 4.31 0.48 Anti-Skinning Agent 1.48 0.19 Total 1065.85 100.00 *Bodied linseed oil with a viscosity of Z-7. Grind all the ingredients, including the lump resin, until a good dispersion is Procedure: obtained. Composition: Pigment, 37.87% by wt Vehicle, 62.13% by wt Titanium Dioxide 84.40% GP CK-2400 24.18% Zinc Oxide 14.90 Tung Oil 22.73 Lampblack 0.70 Linseed Oil 9.67 Parts by weight 100.00% Isopropanol 3.62 Mineral Spirits 38.93 Driers & Anti-Skinning Agent 0.87 Parts by weight 100.0% Properties: Tung/Linseed 70/30% by wt Oil Length 27 gal Specific Gravity 1.281 (10.66 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 73.41% by wt Viscosity, Stormer 72 KU Pigment Volume Concentration 20% Performance: Add 0.345% driers, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oils present. Reducing Thinner Mineral spirits Gloss 100+ on 60° glossmeter 10 Formula Starting Point PC-2486 Cold-Blend Spar Varnish for High Solids and Wrinkle Resistance

Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 100 11.0 Tung Oil, Raw 147 18.75 Linseed Oil, Alkali-Refined 50 6.25 Mineral Spirits 146 22.30 Isopropanol 15 2.3 Total 458 60.6 Prepare a 40% NV solution by dissolving 100 lb GP CK-2400 in 135 lb mineral spirits and 15 lb isopropanol. Add the raw tung oil to the resin solution slowly with stirring. Procedure: When the resin is dispersed in an equal weight of oil, add the remaining ingredients rapidly. Properties: Tung/Linseed 75/25% Oil Length 25 gal Specific Gravity 0.916 (7.62 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 65% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt D Color, Gardner, 1933 8 to 9 Add 0.06% zirconium, 0.03% cobalt, and 0.02% calcium, calculated as metal and Performance: based on the weight of oils present. Drying: 2 hours Slight tack 4 hours Faint tack 6 hours Dry, print free Resistance to 5% NaOH at 77°F (25°C): 8 hours OK 24 hours Softened

11 Formula Starting Point EF-3647 Cold-Blend Spar Varnish Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin Solution (50% NV) Solvents: 85% mineral spirits 200.00 25.91 15% isopropanol Tung Oil, Raw 158.10 20.22 Linseed Oil, Bodied 1 79.00 9.78 Mineral Spirits 2 154.30 24.11 Driers 3 4.74 0.53 Anti-Skinning Agent 4 0.93 0.12 Total 597.07 80.67

Footnotes (1) Low acid number and viscosity of Z-8. (2) Rule 66-type exempt (3) Consider 0.06% zirconium, 0.03% cobalt, and 0.02% calcium, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present. (4) Such as methyl ethyl ketoxime Add oils and one half of mineral spirits to mixer. Mix until uniform. Add GP CK-2400 resin Procedure: solution and mix until uniform. Let down with rest of mineral spirits and add driers and anti- skinning agent. Properties: Tung/Linseed 66.7/33.3% Oil Length 30 gal Specific Gravity 0.879 (7.31 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 57% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt E Color, Gardner 1933 11 Performance: Drying: 1 hour Tacky, set to touch 2 hours Slight tack 3 hours Dry Resistance to 5% NaOH at 68°F (20°C): 8 hours Very faint surface haze 24 hours No haze, OK 48 hours Failed, hazy with some spotting Boiling Water Resistance: 10 hours OK Skinning, ½-full 8-oz jar: 48 hours OK Gas Checking, Gas Oven None Rosin-Pentaerythritol Ester Reduction: 130% Pass

140% Fail 12 GP ® CK-2400/Copolymer 186-85% Combinations of GP® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin and Copolymer 186-85%* have yielded a variety of useful finishes. Copolymer 186-85%, a drying oil polymer derived from castor oil, was specifically designed for cold-blend varnish vehicles. The potential application depends on the proportion of GP CK-2400 resin to Copolymer 186-85%.

GP CK-2400/Copolymer 186-85% Application

35/65 Exterior or very flexible finishes.

40/60 Maintenance paints.

45/55 Floor finishes, traffic paints.

>45/<55 Baked can or drum linings.

The table below shows exposure data for combinations of GP CK-2400/Copolymer 186- 85% in wood varnishes that exhibited outstanding, unblemished weather resistance after four years exposure 45° South, New Jersey. GP CK-2400/ Copolymer 186 -85%* System Proportion, Solids Rating Exposure Data**

GP CK-2400/Copolymer 100/200 Unblemished 186-85%

GP CK-2400/Copolymer Unblemished 100/264 186-85%

GP CK-2400/Copolymer Unblemished 100/306 186-85%

GP CK-2400/Copolymer 186-85% (+4% UV 100/200 Trace Dulling Absorber)

GP CK-2400/Copolymer 186-85% (+4% UV 100/264 Trace Dulling Absorber)

*Supplier: Vertellus

** Four years, 45° South, New Jersey, Maple panels. 13 Formula Starting Point PC-3466 Cold-Blend Varnish Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin Solution (50% NV) Solvents: 85% mineral spirits 200.00 26.0 15% isopropanol Copolymer 186-85%* 237.6 30.4 Mineral Spirits 101.4 15.6 Total 539.0 72.0 Mix GP CK-2400 resin solution with Copolymer 186-85% until uniform. Thin with Procedure: mineral spirits. Properties: Oil Length 25 gal Specific Gravity 0.892 (7.42 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 55.6% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt I-J Color, Gardner, 1933 4 Add 0.1% calcium/0.03% cobalt or 0.1% zirconium/0.03% cobalt, calculated as Performance: metal and based on the weight of oil present. Thin with mineral spirits to D-E viscosity. Drying: 1½ hours Tacky, set to touch 20 hours Dry Chemical Properties (72-hour air dry): Resistance to 5% NaOH at 73°F (23°C): 2 hours Passed 8 hours Failed Water Immersion at 73°F (23°C) on Tin Plate: 8 hours Blush

*Supplier: Vertellus.

14 Formula Starting Point PC-3470 Cold-Blend Aluminum Paint Vehicle Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin Solution (50% NV) Solvents: 85% mineral spirits 200.0 26.0 15% isopropanol Tung Oil 147.0 18.8 Linseed Oil, Alkali-Refined 48.5 6.2 Mineral Spirits 137.0 21.1 Total 532.5 72.1 Procedure: Mix GP CK-2400 resin solution with oils until uniform. Thin with mineral spirits. Properties: Tung/Linseed 75/25% Oil Length 25 gal Specific Gravity 0.888 (7.39 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 55.5% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt A- Color, Gardner, 1933 4

Performance: Add 0.345% driers, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present.

Drying: 1 hour Tacky, set to touch 2 hours Very slightly tacky 4 hours Dry Chemical Properties (72-hour air dry): Resistance to 5% NaOH at 73°F (23°C): 8 hours Passed 24 hours Failed Water Immersion at 73°F (23°C) on Tin Plate: 72 hours No effect 3 weeks Slight blush

15 Formula Starting Point PP-3471 Ready-Mixed Aluminum Paint

Ingredients Pounds Gallons Aluminum Paste (65.5% NV) 200.8 16.26 Formula Starting Point PC-3470 (55.5% NV) 618.8 83.49 Cobalt Drier, 6% 1.9 0.25 Total 821.5 100.0 Properties: Specific Gravity 0.985 (8.20 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 58.2% by wt

Performance: Add 0.5% cobalt, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present.

Reducing Thinner Mineral spirits Application Brush or spray Drying Time 6 hours

16 Formula Starting Point PP-3472 Cold-Blend Maroon Floor Paint Ingredients Pounds Gallons Iron Oxide, Synthetic Red 434.7 10.65 Zinc Oxide 23.0 0.32 Aluminum Stearate 2.4 0.27 GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin Solution (50% NV) Solvents: 85% mineral spirits 321.0 42.20 15% isopropanol Tung Oil, Raw 150.9 19.28 Linseed Oil* 64.2 8.03 Mineral Spirits 122.0 18.84 Driers 3.81 0.41 Total 1122.0 100.00 *Bodied linseed oil with a viscosity of Z-7. Grind the pigments in the tung oil, bodied linseed oil, and 42 lb of mineral spirits. Blend into Procedure: this paste 321 lb of GP CK-2400 resin solution and the remaining 80 lb of mineral spirits. Then, work in the driers. Composition: Pigment, 41% by wt Vehicle, 59% by wt Iron Oxide, Red 94.5% GP CK 2400 Resin Solution (50% NV) 48.4% Zinc Oxide 5.0 Tung Oil, Raw 22.8 Aluminum Stearate 0.5 Linseed Oil, Z-7 9.7 Parts by weight 100.00% Mineral Spirits 18.5 Driers 0.6 Parts by weight 100.0% Properties: Tung/Linseed 70/30% by wt Oil Length 17 gal Specific Gravity 1.228 (11.22 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 74.5% by wt Viscosity, Stormer 73 KU (150 gr wt at 77°F(25°C) Pigment Volume Concentration 20% Performance: Add 0.33% driers, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present. Reducing Thinner Mineral spirits Gloss 100 on 60° glossmeter Drying: 1 hour Set to touch 6 hours Dry

17 Cooking Vehicles

GP ® CK-2400 phenolic resin has excellent solubility in all the common drying oils at 450°F (232°C). It does not require high temperature processing to obtain maximum resin-oil solubility and stability. A dispersion-type cook is not necessary. In addition to providing fast cooking schedules, varnishes made of GP CK-2400 have the advantage of being completely soluble in mineral spirits in all oil lengths.

GP CK-2400 resin like other 100% phenolic resins, markedly reduces the set-to- touch time of the varnishes produced by continued heat processing of the resin with slow-bodying oils.

The effect is less noticeable with hard oil varnishes because of the extremely fast dry obtained with their normal short processing period. With all oils, especially in varnishes of less than 25-gallon oil length, continued heat-bodying improves caustic resistance. However, when heat bodying is carried beyond practical limits, these beneficial effects may be offset by skinning, beading, and viscosity increase upon storage. Tung oil varnishes are especially prone to these tendencies.

Twenty-five gallon tung oil varnishes, formulated from GP CK-2400 and low-cost resins of the pentaerythritol rosin ester type, dry quickly and have good water resistance. Straight tung oil varnishes of this type, containing 30 to 40 percent GP CK-2400 in the resin portion can be gasproofed quickly and easily at a temperature of 485°F (252°C). However, varnishes containing 20 percent or less GP CK-2400 in the resin component require an oil content of at least one-third linseed or another soft oil, and they also require heat treatment to at least 560°F (293°C) to obtain complete gasproofness.

Drying speed improves significantly with increased GP CK-2400 resin content. A 35-gallon tung-soft oil formulation containing 20 percent GP CK-2400 resin in the resin portion dries print-free in 24 hours, while a corresponding varnish containing 40 percent GP CK-2400 resin will dy print-free in five hours.

18 Cooking Vehicles

Caustic resistance and resistance to cold and boiling water are improved materially by increasing the phenolic content. A straight 20-gallon tung oil varnish, containing 40 percent GP ® CK-2400 phenolic resin in the resin portion, is unaffected after a 24-hour immersion in five percent NaOH. Films show no whitening after 24 hours in cold water or one hour in boiling water. As the percentage of GP CK-2400 resin increases, the color of the varnish films darkens. However, varnishes containing 40 percent GP CK-2400 resin are entirely satisfactory for light tints. Enamels based on GP CK-2400 and a pentaerythritol rosin ester are fast drying and have excellent gloss. Tests have shown that their package stability is good.

GP CK-2400 resin/tung oil varnishes of 25-gallon oil length air-dry to handle in three hours and bake in 20 minutes at 275°F (135°C). Both 25-gallon GP CK- 2400/linseed oil varnishes and GP CK-2400/dehydrated castor oil varnishes air- dry to handle in 10 hours and bake in 35 minutes at 275°F (135°C).

GP CK-2400 phenolic resin provides the varnish formulator with an expanded field of use for 100 percent phenolic resins. Varnishes based on fast-cooking GP CK-2400 exhibit excellent solubility in straight mineral spirits, fast surface dry, through dry, and good film color. These characteristics make GP CK-2400 resin an important resin in the formulation of spar varnishes, floor finishes, and durable exterior primers and enamels. With tung oil, it produces a rapid-drying vehicle for two-hour enamels. It produces durable primer vehicles for magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys, and wood; it also produces baking primers and enamel vehicles. When used in combination with low-cost pentaerythritol rosin ester type resins, it produces economical fast-drying floor varnishes, porch and deck enamels, air-drying or baking industrial primers, and four-hour enamel vehicles.

19 Formula Starting Points for Cooking Vehicles

Formula Oil Length, Page Title Drying Oil Starting Point Gallons

21 VF-1247 Enamel Vehicle Tung Oil --

Floor Varnish and 22 VF-1248 two-Hour Enamel Tung Oil -- Vehicle Structural Steel 23 VF-1249 Linseed Oil -- Primer Vehicle Tung Oil/ 24 VF-1251 Spar Varnish Linseed Oil/ Castor Oil Porch and Deck Tung Oil/ Pentaerythritol 25 VF-1331 Enamel Vehicle Linseed Oil Rosin Ester

Tung Oil/ 26 VF-1311 Baking Varnish CK-1634 Castor Oil

20 Formula Starting Point VF – 1247 Enamel Vehicle Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 100 11 Tung Oil 133 17 Mineral Spirits 233 36 Total 466 64 Based on 1.5-gallon laboratory batch. Heat the oil and resin to 450°F (232°C) in 45 Procedure: minutes. Hold about 30 minutes for body and thin. Properties: Oil Length 17 gal Specific Gravity 0.885 (7.36 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 50% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt E Color, Gardner 1933 8 Performance: Add 0.345% driers calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present.

Drying: 1 hour Tacky, set to touch 2 hours Faint tack 4 hours Dry print-free Resistance to 5% NaOH at 68°F (20°C): 48 hours OK Skinning, ½-full 8-oz jar: 2 weeks None Zinc Oxide, Reactivity None Gas Checking, Bell Jar None Kauri Reduction: 40% Passes 50% Fails

21 Formula Starting Point VF – 1248 Floor Varnish and Two-Hour Enamel Vehicle Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 100.0 11.0 Tung Oil 196.0 25.0 Mineral Spirits 243.0 37.5 Total 539.0 73.5 Based on 1.5-gallon laboratory batch. Heat the oil and resin to 450°F (232°C) in 45 Procedure: minutes. Hold about 25 minutes for body and thin. Properties: Oil Length 25 gal Specific Gravity 0.887 (7.38 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 55% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt E Color, Gardner 1933 7 Performance: Add 0.345% driers, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present. Also add anti-skinning agent (0.7% based on the oil weight). Drying: 1 hour Slight tack. Set to touch 3 hours Dry print-free. Resistance to 5% NaOH at 68°F (20°C): 24 hours OK Skinning, ½-full 8-oz jar: 2 weeks None Zinc Oxide, Reactivity None Gas Checking, Bell Jar None Kauri Reduction: 120% Passes 130% Fails

22 Formula Starting Point VF – 1249 Structural Steel Primer Vehicle

Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 100.0 11.0 Linseed Oil, Alkali-Refined 194.0 25.0 Mineral Spirits 294.0 45.0 Total 588.0 81.0 Based on 1.5-gallon laboratory batch. Heat the oil and resin to 585°F (307°C) in one Procedure: hour and hold about 45 minutes for body. Cool to 465°F (241°C) in one hour and thin. Properties: Oil Length 25 gal Specific Gravity 0.880 (7.32 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 50% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt E Color, Gardner 1933 12 Performance: Add 0.6% driers, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present.

Drying: 1 hour Wet, setting up 2 hours Tacky, set to touch 4 hours Slight tack 8 hours Faint tack 24 hours Dry print-free Resistance to 5% NaOH at 68°F (20°C): 2 hours OK Skinning, ½-full 8-oz jar: 2 weeks None Zinc Oxide, Reactivity Very slight Kauri Reduction: 80% Passes 90% Fails

23 Formula Starting Point VF-1251 Spar Varnish

Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 100 11 Tung Oil 164 21 Linseed Oil, Alkali-Refined 85 11 Castor Oil, Refined 8 1 Mineral Spirits 280 43 Total 637 87 Based on 1.5 gallon laboratory batch. Heat the resin and linseed oil to 560°F (293°C) in 30 minutes and hold 20 minutes for body. Check with the tung oil (T 370°F/188°C). Procedure: Heat to 450°F/232°C) in 10 minutes and hold about 40 minutes for body. Add the castor oil and thin. Properties: Tung/Linseed/Castor 64/33/3% by wt Oil Length 33 gal Specific Gravity 0.890 (7.41 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 56% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt D Color, Gardner 1933 10 Performance: Add 0.345% driers, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present.

Drying: 1 hour Tacky, set to touch 2 hours Slight tack 4 hours Very faint tack 6 hours Dry print-free Resistance to 5% NaOH at 68°F (20°C): 3 hours OK Skinning, ½-full 8-oz jar: 2 Weeks None Zinc Oxide Reactivity None Gas Checking, Gas Oven None Kauri Reduction: 120% Passes 130% Fails

24 Formula Starting Point VF – 1331 Porch and Deck Enamel Vehicle

Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 40 11 Pentaerythritol Rosin Ester 60 Tung Oil 196 25 Linseed Oil (Viscosity Z-1) 40 5 Mineral Spirits 336 52 Total 672 93 Based on 1.5-gallon laboratory batch. Heat the tung oil and resins to 485°F (252°C) in 35 minutes and hold 30 minutes. Check with Z-1 Procedure: linseed oil (T 450°F/232°). Hold about eight minutes at 450°F (232°C). Cool and thin. Properties: Tung/Linseed 83/17% by wt Oil Length 30 gal Specific Gravity 0.880 (7.32 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 50% Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt E Color, Gardner 1933 10 Add 0.345% driers, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oil present. Also add 0.5-fluid ounce of anti-skinning agent per gallon of varnish. Performance: Drying: 1 hour Tacky, set to touch 2 hours Slight tack 4 hours Faint tack 6 hours Dry print-free Resistance to 5% NaOH at 68°F (20°C): 18 hours OK Skinning, ½-full 8-oz jar: 2 weeks None

25 Formula Starting Point VF – 1311 Baking Varnish Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 75 11.0 Phenolic Resin CK-1634 25 Tung Oil 94 12.0 Castor Oil* Dehydrated 62 8.0 Mineral Spirits 277 42.5 Xylene 36 5.0 Total 569 78.5 *Viscosity of G-H Heat 75 lb of GP CK-2400, eight gallons of castor oil, and two gallons of tung oil to 565°F (296°C) in 30 minutes. Hold at 565°F (296°C) for 30 minutes and add 10 gallons of tung oil (T 420°F/216°C). Add CK-1634 Procedure: and stir until melted (T 380°F/193°C) in five minutes. Reheat to 450°F (232°C) in five minutes and hold about two minutes for body. Thin and cool with balance of solvent. Properties: Tung/Castor 60/40% by wt Oil Length 20 gal Specific Gravity 0.875 (7.28 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 45% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt F Color, Gardner 1933 9 Performance: Bakes in one hour at 250°F (121°C) to a hard and tough film.

Zinc Oxide Reactivity Slight Gas Checking, Oven None Kauri Reduction: 120% Passes 130% Fails

26 Viscosity vs. Bodying Time at 450°F (232°C) For GP ® CK-2400 Resin/Tung Oil Varnishes

Numbers on curves designate oil lengths. All values are for varnishes at 50% non-volatiles in mineral spirits.

Graphs are intended as directional. Results for individual formulations may vary. 27 Viscosity vs. Bodying Time at 585°F (307°C) For GP ® CK-2400 Resin/Alkali-Refined Linseed Oil Varnishes

Numbers on curves designate oil lengths. All values are for varnishes at 50% non-volatiles in mineral spirits.

Graphs are intended as directional. Results for individual formulations may vary. 28 Bodying Time at 450°F (232°C) vs. Tung Oil Content For GP ® CK-2400 Resin/Tung Oil Varnishes

Time required to body GP CK 2400/tung oil varnishes at 450°F (232°C) to obtain viscosity E when thinned to 50% non-volatiles with mineral spirits.

Graphs are intended as directional. Results for individual formulations may vary. 29 Bodying Time at 585°F (307°C) vs. Linseed Oil (Arlo) Content For GP ® CK-2400 Resin/Arlo Varnishes

Time required to body GP CK 2400/ and GP CK 2420/linseed oil varnishes at 585°F (307°C) to obtain viscosity E when thinned to 50% non-volatiles with mineral spirits.

Graphs are intended as directional. Results for individual formulations may vary. 30 Viscosity vs. Solids

Formula GP ® /Tung Oil (35/65) “EXXON” Aromatic 100

Graphs are intended as directional. Results for individual formulations may vary. 31 Typical Properties of GP ® CK-2400 Resin

Specific Gravity @ 25°C 1.06 – 1.10

Softening Point 290 - 315°F

Color, Gardner 1933 1 8 max Footnotes: (1) Mix in toluene (1/1)

The standard package for GP CK-2400 resin is a four-ply multiwall bag Packaging and containing 50 lb net of material. The bags are marked with the product Labeling and batch number

Store GP CK-2400 resin in a cool dry place. Long periods of storage may Shipping and cause some darkening, which is characteristic of phenolic materials. Storage Although this characteristic may affect the color of GP CK-2400 in solution, it has no known deleterious effect on its other properties.

Solubility* of GP ® CK-2400 Resin Grouped in order of decreasing solvent power. 1, Acetone 2. Butyl Acetate 1-Nitropropane 3. Toluene Xylene Isopropanol Butanol Ethanol 4. CELLOSOLVE Solvent 5. Isophorone Turpentine *Resin refluxed into solution and allowed to cool before being rated. Mineral spirits will dissolve GP CK-2400 resin when strengthened with an active solvent, such as isopropanol.

*Supplier: Dow Chemical Company

32 Typical Properties of GP ® Phenolic Resins

Solubility in Organic Solvents (b) GP Non-Heat Reactive Softening Specific Color Oil-Soluble Phenolic Form Point, °F (a) Gravity Aliphatics Aromatics Resins (°C) max Alcohols

GP CK-2103 Phenolic 215-245 Flake 1.06-1.08 5(c) S(d) SS Resin (102-118)

GP CK-2400 Phenolic 290-315 1.06- Flake 8(c) CSS(d) Resin (143-157) 1.110

GP CK-2500 Phenolic 220-240 Flake 1.07-1.10 8(c) CSS(d) Resin (104-116)

GP CK-2420 Phenolic 248-282 Flake 1.02-1.06 6(c) S(d) S(d) S(d) Resin (120-139)

Footnotes: (a) Gardner (1963) Color Standards units. (b) S= Clear to light haze; C = Cloudy but suspended (c) Toluene (1:1) (d) The solubility characteristics in this solvent class depend upon the concentration

33 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC

[email protected] 1-866-4GP-CHEM (447-2436) www.gp-chemicals.com

133 Peachtree St., NE Atlanta, GA 30303

IND-0157-1808 GP and the Georgia-Pacific logo are trademarks owned by or licensed to Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC. Cowles is a trademark owned by Cowles Dissolver Company, Inc. (registration cancelled). EXXOn is a trademark owned by Exxon Mobil Corporation. Cellosolve is a registered trademark owned by the Union Carbide Corporation.

The information and technical data herein is believed to be accurate. It is offered for your consideration, investigation and verification. Buyer assumes all risk of use, storage and handling of the product. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN OUR STANDARD TERMS OF SALE REGARDING THE PRODUCT, NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WHICH ARE SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as a license to operate under or recommendation to infringe any patents.