COATINGS BASED ON GP ® CK-2400 PHENOLIC RESIN © 2018 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals LLC, All rights reserved. 1 GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin Table of Contents Page Formula Starting Point 3 GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 4 Cold-Blending Vehicles 18 Cooking Vehicles 27 Appendix The formulas and information in this book are provided as starting points and directional guidance for development of a customer’s individual formulations. 2 GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin GP ® CK-2400 phenolic resin is a non-heat reactive, oil-soluble resin used to make high-performance varnishes and oi-based vehicles for paints. Both air- drying and baking coatings have given excellent performance in a wide variety of applications. GP CK-2400 resin is compatible with all the common drying oils, such as tung, linseed, castor and oiticica oils. Varnishes of any oil length may be prepared by the cold-blend or cooking processes. GP CK-2400 is also compatible with many oil-containing alkyd resins and is used at a 5-25% of alkyd solids to improve the water resistance, hardness, gloss and leveling of such systems. GP CK-2400 phenolic resin is soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, glycol ethers, ketones, and esters. However, the oil-containing varnish vehicles based on GP CK-2400 may be thinned with aromatic mineral sprits or blends of Rule 66/3-type mineral spirits containing at least 10% active solvent such as an alcohol or glycol ether. Varnishes based on GP ® CK-2400 phenolic resin feature fast drying speed, light colors, water and corrosion resistance, and good durability. Clear exterior wood varnishes based on combinations of GP CK-2400 and copolymer 186- 85%*, a drying oil developed for cold-blend systems, have shown outstanding wood protection and exterior durability compared to many other available wood finishes. Applications for GP CK-2400 Resins: . Floor coatings . Floor enamels . Spar varnishes . Porch and deck enamels . Metal primers and zinc-rich primers . Ready-mixed aluminum maintenance paints . Alkyd modifiers for improved water and alkali resistance and for faster drying . Oleoresinous can coatings . Printing inks . Government specification vehicles *Supplier: Vertellus 3 Cold-Blending Vehicles Cold-blending GP ® CK-2400 phenolic resin is an economical and convenient way to make high-quality paints and varnishes. It involves simply the mixing of a phenolic resin and a drying oil at room temperature. The resulting type of vehicle offer a number of advantages over cooking: Economy No varnish cooking equipment needed. No heat needed for reaction. Three to ten percent volatile loss eliminated. No pollution from solvents and fumes. Improved Quality Lighter-colored products produced. No darkening from cooking. Greater consistency in quality. No variables introduced by cooking. Properly formulated blends are at least equal to cooked varnishes in dry time, toughness, durability and resistance to water and chemicals Convenience GP CK-2400 phenolic resin is versatile and convenient to use. With GP CK-2400 resin a coatings manufacturer can easily expand its product line with high- quality varnishes or fortified alkyds. Cold-blended vehicles can, therefore, replace cooked vehicles in many applications. There are limitations. For example, varnishes with low solids at high viscosities cannot be made by this process. Also, the maximum length tung oil varnish that can be made gasproof is about 19 gallons. Varnishes and enamels prepared by the cold-blend technique typically dry faster and show a higher gloss than comparable finishes made in the conventional way. In every other respect, including exterior durability, performance is at least equal. 4 Cold-Blending Vehicles Any varnish oil can be used in cold-blend preparations, however, unbodied oils are used when high solids or low viscosities are desired. Using a 40% solution of GP ® CK-2400 resin in a mineral spirits/isopropanol mixture (9/1) as a starting point, a great variety of varnishes can be produced by simply mixing in the necessary oils and solvents. 5 Ready-Mixed Aluminum Paints Ready-mixed aluminum paints based on GP ® phenolic resins offer the paint consumer one of the most durable single-coat finishes for metal available in the modern coatings market: • They adhere to and protect cleaned metal surfaces, providing unusual performance in a single-coat decorative finish applied by brush and thinned by mineral spirits. • Aluminum pigments show better leafing retention of the aluminum particles in phenolic varnishes than in most other vehicles that offer comparable durability in the finished paint system. • The inherent adhesion characteristics of phenolic resin varnishes make them the ideal vehicle choice for ready-mixed aluminum paints where convenience and/or economy limit the coating operation to one application. Where a good quality primer system can be used, additional service life will be obtained in proportion to the film thickness and quality of he primer applied. • Aluminum paints based on phenolic varnishes are easy to recoat. The aluminum paint makes a good base for subsequent repainting with a minimum of surface preparation. • Ready-mixed paints based on phenolic varnishes prepared by cold blending compare favorably in exterior durability and in leafing retention with comparable cooked varnish. The method of vehicle preparation is, therefore, optional. An equally durable base is available to those manufacturers who do not have varnish cooking equipment. A simple efficient high-speed agitator would be the only equipment required to produce these durable finishes. 6 Performance of Aluminum Paints Aluminum Exposure Results Paint* Vehicle Leafing Retention Number 42 Months New Jersey Aged Aged Aged Aged Rusting Blistering 16 45 2 Mos 10 Yrs Mos Mos GP ® CK-2400 resin, tung oil/bodied linseed oil Very Very Very 6 None None Excellent (75/25) 25 good good good gallons. Cold- blend procedure. GP CK-2103 resin, cooked Very Very Very 8 None None Excellent with tung oil. good good good 25 gallons. Severe Epoxy resin over 50% 10 None Poor Poor None None ester panel area Commercial alkyd Moderate Moderate Very 12 (medium- at sides of at sides of None None None poor length soya panel panel phthalic) Severe Petroleum Severe over Very 13 hydrocarbon over entire None None None entire poor resin varnish panel panel Very slight Terpene resin rusting Fair to 15 None Poor Fair Fair varnish near Poor edges. Rosin- Panel removed after 36 pentaerythritol 16 months: entire panel Fair Fair Fair Fair ester resin severely rusted varnish *Finished paints were prepared with two pounds of standard grade aluminum paste per gallon of vehicle and reduced 7 to Gardner-Holdt viscosity B. Formula Starting Points for Cold-Blend Vehicles Formula Oil Page Starting Title Drying Oil Length, Point Gallons 9 VF-1922 Resin Solution None -- Cold-blend Gray 10 EF-2109 Tung/Linseed 27 Enamel Cold-blend Spar 11 PC-2486 Varnish for High Solids Tung/Linseed 25 and Wrinkle Resistance Cold-blend Spar 12 PC-3647 Tung/Linseed 30 Varnish Copolymer 14 PC-3466 Cold-blend Varnish 25 186-85%* Cold-blend Aluminum 15 PC-3470 Tung/Linseed 25 Paint Vehicle Ready-mixed 16 PP-3471 Tung/Linseed 25 Aluminum Paint Cold-blend Maroon 17 PP-3472 Tung/Linseed 17 Floor Paint *Supplier: Vertellus 8 Formula Starting Point VF-1922 Resin Solution Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 100 11.0 Mineral Spirits 135 20.8 Isopropanol, 99% 15 2.3 Total 250 34.1 Dissolve the resin in the solvent by heating in a steam-jacketed kettle or Procedure: “Cowles” dissolver (closed) to 175°F (79°C). Properties: Specific Gravity 0.890 (7.41 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 40% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt G-L Color, Gardner 1933 6-12* *Color will depend on the method of solution preparation, heating darkens the resin solution. 9 Formula Starting Point EF-2109 Cold-Blend Gray Enamel Ingredients Pounds Gallons Titanium Dioxide, Rutile 340.65 9.74 Zinc Oxide 60.14 2.68 Lampblack 2.83 0.19 GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 160.11 17.72 Tung Oil 150.52 19.20 Linseed Oil* 64.07 7.91 Isopropanol 23.96 3.68 Mineral Spirits 257.78 39.60 Driers 4.31 0.48 Anti-Skinning Agent 1.48 0.19 Total 1065.85 100.00 *Bodied linseed oil with a viscosity of Z-7. Grind all the ingredients, including the lump resin, until a good dispersion is Procedure: obtained. Composition: Pigment, 37.87% by wt Vehicle, 62.13% by wt Titanium Dioxide 84.40% GP CK-2400 24.18% Zinc Oxide 14.90 Tung Oil 22.73 Lampblack 0.70 Linseed Oil 9.67 Parts by weight 100.00% Isopropanol 3.62 Mineral Spirits 38.93 Driers & Anti-Skinning Agent 0.87 Parts by weight 100.0% Properties: Tung/Linseed 70/30% by wt Oil Length 27 gal Specific Gravity 1.281 (10.66 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 73.41% by wt Viscosity, Stormer 72 KU Pigment Volume Concentration 20% Performance: Add 0.345% driers, calculated as metal and based on the weight of oils present. Reducing Thinner Mineral spirits Gloss 100+ on 60° glossmeter 10 Formula Starting Point PC-2486 Cold-Blend Spar Varnish for High Solids and Wrinkle Resistance Ingredients Pounds Gallons GP ® CK-2400 Phenolic Resin 100 11.0 Tung Oil, Raw 147 18.75 Linseed Oil, Alkali-Refined 50 6.25 Mineral Spirits 146 22.30 Isopropanol 15 2.3 Total 458 60.6 Prepare a 40% NV solution by dissolving 100 lb GP CK-2400 in 135 lb mineral spirits and 15 lb isopropanol. Add the raw tung oil to the resin solution slowly with stirring. Procedure: When the resin is dispersed in an equal weight of oil, add the remaining ingredients rapidly. Properties: Tung/Linseed 75/25% Oil Length 25 gal Specific Gravity 0.916 (7.62 lb/gal) Non-volatiles 65% by wt Viscosity, Gardner-Holdt D Color, Gardner, 1933 8 to 9 Add 0.06% zirconium, 0.03% cobalt, and 0.02% calcium, calculated as metal and Performance: based on the weight of oils present.