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Diffusion of the Touristic Phenomenon in the North-Western Region

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Diffusion of the Touristic Phenomenon in the North-Western Region Geogaphica Timisiensis, vol. 17, nr.1 - 2, 2008 (pp. 239 - 249 ) ● DIFFUSION OF THE TOURISTIC PHENOMENON IN THE NORTH-WESTERN REGION. PRESENT AND PERSPECTIVES Rozalia BENEDEK „ Babeş-Bolyai” University in Cluj-Napoca, Romania Abstract. The recent aderance of our country to the structures of the European Union, and not only, certifies the territorial analysis, with the goal of conceiving and implementing new development strategies. These are focused on the identification of optimal solutions, but in the same time coherent; of eliminating these disparities meant to ensure regional competitivity consequently with a durable development. Taking into consideration the objectives that are followed the main bond and engine of development of the North-Western Region is the tourism being a form of active resting and being able to develop all the other branches of the economy. Another argument of development through tourism is made up of the great number of mining zones which are underfavoured these being present in the researched areal, situated predominantly in the mountainous regions, with a predisposition for leisure activities. At the present, the areal studied cuantifies partially its touristical potential, of national value resonance, these being: Felix Baths, the cave systems in the Apuseni Mountains, the cities of Cluj Napoca and Oradea, these being fulfilled by the ethnographic region of Maramureş. The disfunctions are generated by the lock of connections between the different types of and forms of tourism, especially that the centres of touristic polarization the main ones power exhaust the whole potential of the North-Western Region, a series of local units being in existence (like Boghiş, Sângeorz Băi a.s.o), or areas with a potential, waiting for development initiative and the necessary finances. As a result of the study and special modeling a necessity of creating circuits and regional brands is highlighted. Rezumat. Difuzia fenomenului turistic în Regiunea de Nord-Vest. Prezent şi perspective. Recenta aderare a ţării noastre la structurile Uniunii Europene, şi nu numai, certifică analizele teritoriale, în vederea conceperii şi implementăerii unor strategii de dezvoltare, axate pe identificarea disfuncţiilor şi a soluţiilor optime, dar în acelaşi timp coerente, de eliminare a acestor dezechilibre, menite să asigure competitivitatea regională concomitent cu dezvoltarea durabilă. Având în vedere obiectivele urmărite, principalul aglutinator şi motor de dezvoltare al Regiunii Nord-Vest este turismul, fiind o formă de "odihnă activă" şi în măsură ca să dezvolte toate celălalte sectoare ale economiei. Un alt argument al dezvoltării prin turism îl constituie numărul mare al zonelor miniere defavorizate(10), prezente în arealul cercetat, localizate dominant în zona montană, predispuse la desfăşurarea activităţilor de recreere. În prezent, arealul supus cercetării, valorifică parţial potenţialul său turistic, de rezonanţă naţională (şi nu numai), fiind: Băile Felix, sistemul carstic din Munţii Apuseni, oraşele Cluj-Napoca şi Oradea, fiind întregite de zona etnografică a Maramureşului. Disfuncţiile sunt generate de lipsa conexiunilor dintre diferitele tipuri şi forme ale turismului, mai ales că centrele de polarizare turistică, principale, nu epuizează întregul potenţial al Regiunii Nord-Vest, existând o serie de unităţi locale(Boghiş,Sângeorz-Băi, Rodna etc), ori arii cu potenţial, în aşteptarea iniţiativei de dezvoltare(podgoriile, zonele urbane şi periurbane etc) şi a finanţelor necesare. În urma studiului şi a modelării spaţiale se evidenţiează necesitatea creeării de: circuite, branduri regionale etc. Key words: tourism, disparities, durable development, regional brand Cuvinte cheie: :turism, disparităţi, dezvoltare durabilă, brand regional 240 ● Diffusion of the Touristic Phenomenon in the North Western Region 1. INTRODUCTION The phenomenological approach of tourism constitutes a strategic necessity, because Romania’s shift to the market economy (1990) and, afterwards, the adheration to the European structures (2007), without a full integration unfortunately, generated new opportunities for the socio-economic development through: opening borders, increasing competitiveness –that imposes quality and attractive prices-, possibilities to access pre- and post-adhering funds etc. This phenomenon, with a good organization and management, could rebalance economy and even retrieve losses determined by a slow reaction to the existing opportunities and also to their associated risks. Another argument lies in the definition of tourism itself: a synthesis economic activity in a continuous evolution that implies a movement of people with psycho-somatic recreational purposes, through relaxation and active regeneration, and, at the same time, for culturalization, whose duration and distance (from the places they normally live) depends on the disposable income, preferences and disposable time. In time, in Romania this activity could turn into a social necessity. From a structural point of view, the phenomenon of tourism includes a spatial component, a human component and, additionally to the latter, a sensorial component, pointed out through local or areal concentrations, along the seaside – anisotropic concentration, Prahova Valley, Felix Spa, the monasteries in Moldova, locations that also constitute leading tourist destinations in Romania. The North-Western Region, even if it represents only a decoupage of the country’s reality, it faces the same socio-economic deficiencies as the whole it belongs to; the disparities „directly perceived” at the level of the tourist phenomenon are simultaneously felt and reflected in the case of the entire economic sectors. As a consequence, the main objectives of the present approach are as follows: Identify and spatial locate the potential tourist objectives, as well as of those already functioning; Underline the discrepancies between counties in the North-Western Region as regarding the tourist phenomenon; Set up some managerial measures through which these discrepancies could be decreased. 2. NORTH-WESTWERN REGION – DISTRIBUTION AND RESOURCES OF TOURISM TYPES The geographic space and its components hide various tourist activities that could be valorized through the creativity and the financial force of the „socio-economic” component, because „it introduces to the economic circuit new perspectives as: landscape (whose „consumption” could be done only in situ), population’s hospitality, solicitude and information (geographic, cultural-historical, gastronomical, artistic etc.)” (A. Gheorghilaş- p. 2, 2oo4). Structurally, the tourist potential of the North-Western Region includes a cumulus of representative elements belonging both to the natural and human-made systems, each of the 6 counties participating with specific and implicitly attractive features, the reason Rozalia BENEDEK ● 241 being the particular geological and historical evolution framework of each territorial unit, sometimes different, other times identical, the consequence being the preservation of some individual geographic characteristics. 2.1. The recreational potential of the natural environment Morphologically speaking, the analyzed area benefits from the presence of the all major relief forms, through a harmonious between mountains (28%), contact units – hills and plateaus (30%), plains and large river corridors, preferred by human settlements (42%) (PATR, 2004). As regarding the orographic aspects, the different conditions of paleo-geographic evolution are mirrored in the partial spatial presence of two segments of the Romanian Carpathians: The Eastern Carpathians, with the Maramures sector and the Transylvanian sector, the highest altitudes are reached in the Rodna Mountains (2303 m) and in the Maramures Mountains, formed mainly by crystalline rocks. This is the central strip of the principal division, the glacial relief being also present here, with its valuable landscape features, together with the low altitude volcanic range (Oaş, Gutâi, Ţibleş) in the West, bordering on two sides the Maramures Depression and then continued with the Calimani Mountains, where the preservation of the principal and secondary volcanic cones provides with important touristic and scientific value. Lakes were formed in the glacial circuses, with clear and cold waters, the Iezer glacial lakes impressing through its shape that reminds the shape of the country. In the Rodna Mountains, the karstic relief is also represented with caves (Zanei, Tausoarelor) and karst fensters (Izbucul Izei). As regarding the volcanic relief, the general aspect of cones and craters were reshaped through erosion, generating attenuate or „soft” ridges, dykes, the most spectacular one being Creasta Cocosului that „guards” to the North the former mining town of Cavnic, necks, lava plateaus etc., all of these landforms being somehow screened by forestry vegetation. From the administrative point of view, these relief units belong dominantly to the Bistriţa- Năsăud and Maramureş counties. The Western Carpathians are represented in this region by the central- northern sector of the Apuseni Mountains, including their prolongations to the West and the interposed depressions, symbolically called „gulf depressions” - Beiuş, Vad-Borod etc.-, and belonging mainly to Cluj, Bihor or Salaj counties. The highest altitude is reached in the Vladeasa Mountains (1836 m), with crystalline structure and with an important role in blocking western oceanic air masses, favoring in this way the
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