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An Assessment of the Contribution of Ecosystems in Protected Areas to Sector Growth and Human Well Being in Romania

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An Assessment of the Contribution of Ecosystems in Protected Areas to Sector Growth and Human Well Being in Romania An Assessment of the Contribution of Ecosystems in Protected Areas to Sector Growth and Human Well Being in Romania Improving the Financial Sustainability of the Carpathian System of Protected Areas (PAs) Final Report, October 2012 Bogdan Popa and Camille Bann 1 Contents Acronyms and abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 4 List of figures ................................................................................................................................................. 5 List of tables .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 9 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 18 1.1 Study context............................................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Objective of study ........................................................................................................................ 19 1.3 Overview of Approach ................................................................................................................. 19 1.4 Limitations and challenges .......................................................................................................... 20 1.5 The Carpathian Network of Protected Areas .............................................................................. 20 1.6 Layout of report ........................................................................................................................... 22 2 Conceptual Framework and Methodology ........................................................................................... 23 2.1 Protected Areas and Ecosystem Services .................................................................................. 23 2.2 Sector Scenario Analysis ............................................................................................................ 26 2.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 26 2.2.2 Sector Focus ........................................................................................................................... 27 2.2.3 Ecosystem management scenarios – BAU and SEM ............................................................. 29 2.2.4 Indicators ................................................................................................................................. 31 2.2.5 The Importance of Time .......................................................................................................... 33 2.2.6 Valuing Ecosystem services ................................................................................................... 34 2.2.7 Overview of methodology ........................................................................................................ 36 3 The CNPAs and the targeted PAs in Romania .................................................................................... 38 3.1 Targeted PAs in Romania ........................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Qualitative assessment of ES provided by pilot PAs .................................................................. 38 4 The Contribution of Ecosystems in PAs to sector growth & welfare ................................................... 41 4.1 The Value of PA ESs to Tourism ................................................................................................ 42 4.1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 42 4.1.2 Ecotourism management in the Carpathian PAs under BAU ................................................. 43 4.1.3 Characterization of BAU and SEM scenarios ......................................................................... 45 4.1.4 Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 47 4.1.5 Contribution of ecosystems of PAs to economic activity and employment ............................. 52 4.2 The value of PA ecosystems services to Forestry and Hunting ................................................. 54 4.2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 54 4.2.2 Characterization of BAU and SEM scenarios (provisioning services) .................................... 56 4.2.3 Carbon sequestration .............................................................................................................. 63 2 4.3 The value of ecosystem services of PAs to Agriculture .............................................................. 66 4.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 66 4.3.2 Characterization Modeling BAU and SEM scenarios .............................................................. 67 4.4 The Value of ecosystems in the targeted PAs to Water Supply Sector ...................................... 73 4.4.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 73 4.4.2 Characterization of BAU and SEM scenarios ......................................................................... 74 4.5 Natural Disaster mitigation and risk reduction ............................................................................ 83 4.5.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 83 4.5.2 Characterization of BAU and SEM scenarios ......................................................................... 84 5 The estimated values of ecosystems of PAs at the national level ....................................................... 90 5.1 High level assessment of PA ecosystems at system-level to the economy ............................... 90 5.2 The costs of SEM ........................................................................................................................ 92 6 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................... 94 6.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 94 6.2 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 96 6.2.1 Tourism ................................................................................................................................... 96 6.2.2 Forestry and Hunting ............................................................................................................... 96 6.2.3 Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 97 6.2.4 Water resources ...................................................................................................................... 97 6.2.5 Natural Disaster Management ................................................................................................ 97 6.2.6 General further research needs .............................................................................................. 97 6.2.7 Policy and finance ................................................................................................................... 98 6.2.8 Institutional aspects ................................................................................................................. 98 Annex 1: Characterization of pilot PAs ..................................................................................................... 104 Annex 2: Logical scheme for soil erosion calculation ............................................................................... 111 Annex 3: Romania‟s Carpathian PAs ........................................................................................................ 112 Annex 4: Summary of values for the 5 Pilot Pas, valuation approaches and beneficiaries ...................... 116 Annex 5: Glossary of Terms...................................................................................................................... 119 3 Acronyms and abbreviations ANP Apuseni Natural Park ANAR National Agency “Romanian Waters” ANRM National Agency for Mineral Resources BAU Business as Usual BEF Biomass Extension Factor CNPA Carpathians Network of Protected Areas CBA Cost Benefit Analysis CS Consumer Surplus ESA Ecosystem Services Approach ES Ecosystem Service FMP Forest Management Plan GEF Global Environment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographical Informational System IUCN International Nation for Conservation of Nature IPCC International
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