HAȚEG COUNTRY DINOSAURS GEOPARK

The Hațeg Country Dinosaurs Geopark is located in the central part of , in a very fertile region, surrounded by mountains from all directions. These natural features along with the cultural background make Hațeg Country a miniature . The region is called a “country” from the Latin word “terra”, used in all the medieval documents to show the special character of this land. Protected by the mountains, the Romanian community here resisted the Hungarian conquest and managed to keep its forms of organization.

The Geopark covers an area of 102.392 hectares, including a town (the town of Hațeg – 13000 inhabitants) and 10 communes, the total population of the Geopark area is about 39000 people. Besides the very picturesque landscapes, deep gorges, caves, alpine forests, meadows, orchards and crops the region hosts remains of the human history from Paleolithic to Roman Antiquity and from the Middle-Age to the Modern time.

The most important sites are the ruins of the ancient capital of the province of the at Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana, the numerous medieval churches among which the magnificent Densus church, a master piece of the Mid Age architecture, as well as the remains of the more recent castles and old nobles’ mansions.

The region is world-wide known for its “dwarf dinosaurs” from the end of Cretaceous, 72-65 million years ago. This special paleontological heritage has inspired the name of the Geopark. Fifteen dinosaur species, both herbivorous and carnivorous from the region, were described, based on skeletal remains found in fossil fluvial and lake deposits. Dinosaur eggs and hatchlings were also discovered in the same deposits, as well as many non-dinosaur species, representing all the classes of vertebrates, from fishes to mammals being represented in the fossil faunal assemblage. The total number of vertebrate taxa is around 65. Very spectacular in this assemblage is a huge pterosaur (flying reptile), named Hatzegopteryx, from the name of the region. This enormous creature, one of the largest flying animals ever, if not the largest one, had a wingspan of 12 m.

Another geologic event that is well documented in the Geopark is the volcanic rocks-tuffs, lavas and volcanic bombs marking the volcanic eruptions that took place in the region during the dinosaurs existence.

All the natural, historical and cultural sites from the Hațeg region, so abundant and significant, not only for the restricted area of the Geopark, but for the entire country, are integrated within the management plan of the Geopark. This plan has as main strategic points the conservation and management of the sites, in order to allow both tourism and ecological and scientific education. The development and control of a modern and intelligent tourism in the region is a strategic objective of the Geopark, for which the development of infrastructures (agro-tourist pensions, roads and information-points) and the creation of new leisure attractions in the region are envisaged. Among the new attractions, the creation an open- space museum of dinosaurs to include the life-size reconstruction of the species from the Hațeg region is the most important.

MĂCIN MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

The Măcin Mountains are situated in the South-East of Romania, respectively in North-West Dobrogea, Tulcea County, between the , Luncaviţa Valley and the Cerna-Horia saddle. In the West and South-West of the natural park, the entrance is via the national road 22D, between Măcin and Horia. In the North there is there European road E87, linking Horia and Luncaviţa. The county road between Horia and Luncaviţa allows access to the East and North-East of the park.

The Măcin Mountains are the oldest mountains in the territory of Romania, being created during the Hercynian orogeny. The landscapes of the Măcin Mountains are alike those of Southern Europe due to the presence of sub-Mediterranean and Balkan forests. They also resemble Eurasian steppes, defined by saxicolous vegetation, the Măcin Mountains being the largest such area in Dobrogea and Romania.

The landscape originality is given by megalithic granite formations, as well as by the contrast between mesophilic forest vegetation and the xerophile steppe-like pastures. Rock weathering processes are active, resulting in surprising archaic landscapes. The representative character of these mountains at national level is given by the existence of three layers of vegetation proper to the Dobrogean Plateau: mesophilic Balkan deciduous forests, xerothermic sub-Mediterranean forests and the forest-steppe with sub-Mediterranean forests. The climate of these mountains has created a specific variety, unique in Europe, enhanced by the interference of the Black Sea-sub-Mediterranean, Central European and Asian ecosystem types. This gives the Măcin Mountains the look of a miniature synthesis of two great continents – Europe and Asia.

The fauna of the Măcin Mountains, generally less studied, is diverse and has a special importance due to the presence of rare and protected species, according to international regulations.

Podarcis tauricu Testudo graeca ibera Guster Vipera ammodytes

COZIA NATIONAL PARK

Cozia National Park is a hiker’s dream destination and one of the most breathtaking protected areas in Romania. The almost endless nature panoramas and the rich cultural heritage from its foothills transform this national park into one of best hiking locations in the .

Situated along the valley of one of the longest rivers in Romania, Olt, the area of Cozia National Park extends on over 17,000 hectares and includes Cozia Mountain and partially Capatanii and Lotrului Mountains. With a maximum altitude of 1,668 meters reached in the highest part of the massif Cozia, these mountains are not nearly as tall as the nearby Fagaras. But, their abrupt slopes make hiking here an unexpectedly intense experience that can prove to be difficult during snowy winters.

The variety of landscapes and habitats from Cozia National Park can only mean a rich biodiversity of both plant and animals species, including the iconic large carnivores, the , the deer, the , many rodents, and even a rare viper species. One fish species – nisiparita – is endemic to this .

Over 120 bird species live in this national park, located on the migratory route between Central Europe and the Aegean Sea, and its territory is covered almost completely by dense forests of beech, spruce and oak. What’s particular to the area is the high number of mushroom species, over 400 discovered until now, along with almost 200 species of moss and six endemic flower species.

Nine hiking trails cross the national park. Some are short and easy, but some are intense and require good hiking boots and physical training. Choosing one depends on your time, season and what you’d like to see along the way.

This national park offers even more than memorable hikes. Ancient ruins from the time of the Roman conquest, almost 2,000 years ago, are found here. The castrum of Arutela, very close to the monasteries Turnu and Cozia, and the castrum of Pretorium are among the few traces of the Roman fortifications built in the area.

Still, the most famous cultural attractions are the old Orthodox churches and monasteries: Cozia, built during the 14th-century reign of Prince Mircea the Old, buried here, Frasinei and Cornet Churches.

This atypical combination of medieval churches, ancient ruins and intense hiking trails create a unique imagery and experience that make Cozia National Park a hiker’s dream destination, one of the best in the Carpathians.

RETEZAT NATIONAL PARK

The is a protected area located in the in Hunedoara county, Romania. It is composed of the Retezat- Godeanu mountain ranges. The Retezat range extends north from the center, and rises from between the Petrosani and Hateg tectonic hollows.

The main characteristic of the Retezat Mountains is given by the presence of two big eruptive blocks that stretch out in the direction of Lapusnicul Mare and Barbat rivers: the Retezat type granodioritic massif to the North, stretching out over a length of more than 40 km and width of around 20 km and the Buta granodioritic massif, located in the south of the Lapusnic- Barbat valley corridor, which drops under the Jurassic deposits of the Retezatul Mic.

The tectonic, lithology and morphologic conditions of the Retezat Mountains, correlated with the positioning of the crests in relation with the advection of the oceanic air masses, make the massif be the area with the highest humidity and draining in the Romanian Carpathians. The abundant hydrographic network drains in two directions: Northwards, towards the River (the Mures hydrographic basin), which collects all the waters from the west, north and northeast of the massif. Southwards, towards the West river (the Jiul Romanesc Hydrographic basin).

Retezat is famous for its floral diversity, sheltering around 1190 superior plants species of the 3450 species known in Romania. The existence of more than a third of the Romanian flora in this area is one of the reasons for which it was declared a National Park. An approximate number of inferior species adds to the above-mentioned ones.

VÂNĂTORI NEAMŢ NATURAL PARK

Situated in the northern part of the county, on the eastern slope of Stânişoara Mountains and Subcarpathians in Neamţ, Vânători Neamţ Natural Park is among the protected natural areas in the county, covering a surface of almost 76.600 acres, aims to protect and conserve the population of bison, once a component of wildlife fauna of Romania. The park is the only place in Europe where tourists can visit the bison, the largest land animal on the continent, in three habitat types: in freedom, in the forests of the park, inside “Dragoş Vodă” Carpathian Wildlife and Bisons Reserve but also in semi-freedom, in the acclimatization enclosure. The acclimatization and release of the bisons in the forests of Neamţ county began in the spring of 2012, and now, in the park, there are over 36 bisons roaming free in a wild area of over 172.975 acres.

Vânători Neamţ Natural Park extends along Crăcăoani, Agapia and Vânători Neamţ communes, Tîrgu Neamţ town and also Bălțătești and Oglinzi Resorts, including not only values of natural heritage, but also historical and cultural turistical sights. Thus, among the attractions of the area, many tourists choose to visit Neamţ Fortress, a medieval monument of great historical significance, a symbol of the bravery of the guards of Stephen the Great, evoked by chroniclers and writers of the time. Other tourists prefer the pilgrimages to the old monasteries, famous among Romanian Orthodox monasteries: Neamț, Agapia, Văratic, Sihăstria, Secu, Sihla and others. Another renowned attraction for tourists is “Ion Creangă” Memorial House in Humuleşti, where visitors have the opportunity to step into the fascinating universe of the childhood memories of the author, as it appears evoked in his writings.

Neamţ Fortress “Ion Creangă” Memorial House, Humuleşti

Vânători Neamţ Natural Park reveals its richness, whether we are talking about the world-renowned areal of the bisons, the charming view of the famous woods evoked in Mihai Eminescu’s poems, the fortress that defended Moldavia’s borders during the rule of Stephen the Great, or the paintings of Nicholas Grigorescu from Agapia Monastery.

IRON GATES NATURE PARK

Iron Gates Nature Park is a distinct presence on Romania’s map of protected areas. It’s the place where the Danube forms its longest and most spectacular gorges. The landscape it creates is one of the most breathtaking in Europe and one of Romania’s top natural attractions.

Located in the south-west part of the country, on more than 115,000 hectares and bordered for 140 km by the Danube, Iron Gates Nature Park is a rare mix of biodiversity, geological attractions, traditional villages and multicultural heritage. It’s also a favorite place for many aquatic birds that live in the park or migrate here for the mild winters, the area of the Iron Gates being included on the RAMSAR list of wetlands of international importance. Most of the 205 bird species identified in the park are in fact aquatic birds and if you have an eye for it, you can spot Black Storks, Pygmy Cormorants, the Small Egret or the White Great Egret.

On the territory of this nature park, the Danube forms the longest gorges in Europe (134 km) and, in its narrowest sector, creates the Great and Small Danube Gorges where tall and abrupt rocky hills like Ciucarul Mic (313 meters) and Stirbatul Mic (626 meters) border the river. The Great Gorges are 3.8 km long and 200-350 meters wide while the Small Gorges narrow Europe’s second largest river to just 150 meters in some areas. You can take one of the numerous river cruises that depart all day long from the small bay where the statue of Decebal is located. This way, you get to navigate between the Great and Small Gorges, but you’ll also visit the cave Veterani, used many times across the centuries for protection against wars and conflicts.

The variety of the relief, the climate’s Mediterranean influences and the wild gorges make this protected area one of the richest areas of Romania in terms of biodiversity. Important species, some unique in the country, are found here. The animal species are best represented by the high number of birds, fish or amphibians. Thirty-four species of mammals are found in the park, from big carnivores like the brown bear or the lynx to wild cats or red deer. Iron Gates Nature Park is also the home of two rare reptile species, Hermann’s Tortoise and the Long-Noised Viper, both protected and endangered.

Close to the Monastery of Mraconia, you’ll find the biggest rock sculpture in Europe, representing the ancient Dacian king, Decebal. Almost 55 meters tall, the sculpture required 10 years (1994-2004) of hard and often dangerous work as the rock is only accessible by water. On the opposing Serbian shore, you’ll see the symbol of the Roman Empire’s final attack over the Dacian Kingdom, the rock inscription Tabula Traiana, almost 2,000 years old.

One of the best attractions of the Iron Gates was, however, drowned by the Danube. The construction of the largest hydroelectric power plants on the Danube River, Iron Gates I and Iron Gates II, increased the water level with 35 meters. Creating a unique landscape in Europe, crossing half of the continent and four capitals, the Danube parades in its full glory on the territory of Iron Gates Nature Park, one of Romania’s must-see natural attractions

PIATRA CRAIULUI NATIONAL PARK

Piatra Craiului National Park easily makes it to the top of the most beautiful protected areas from the Carpathians. Only a few kilometers away from Brasov and almost three hours from Bucharest, this national park is one of the most loved hiking destinations in Romania. Its many trails cross the small mountain villages from the base up to its long and narrow limestone ridge, one of the most spectacular in Europe.

The national park extends on almost 9,900 hectares and is protected since 1938. Researchers have discovered here a true biological treasure: 35 world unique species of invertebrates and 91 completely new species, 216 species of butterflies, more than 100 bird species and over 40% of the mammal species from Romania. Piatra Craiului National Park is also a haven for many plant species, around 30% of the total species registered in Romania. Almost all the typical mountain species from the Carpathians have here the best conditions to grow. Still, more than 180 are included on the Red List of endangered species. The most beautiful plants, some easily seen during summers, are the endemic Garofita Pietrei Craiului, also the symbol of the park, the 41 species of orchids, the edelweiss, the sweet pea, the great yellow gentian or the picturesque rhododendron. The dense coniferous forests and the grasslands complete the landscape.

Dianthus callizonus Chamois

This protected area is particularly rich in hiking trails, making it both very accessible and challenging, depending on your choice. The main attraction for the most passionate hikers is the 25 kilometers long limestone ridge, the highest and longest ridge of this type from Romania. Hiking it completely and safely requires, nonetheless, almost two full days, but you’ll enjoy all the effort as the panoramic views are breathtaking. Most hiking trails start in Zarnesti, Plaiul Foii or the small villages from the base, and you’ll have in total over 70 options from the easiest to the most intense. Don’t overestimate your strength when choosing the right one for you, there are scarce water sources above 2,000 meters, and it’s better to be on the safe side if you’re only beginning to hike. On the ridge, there are a few small refuges, but for longer trails carrying your camping equipment is the best option as, especially in the summers, the few chalets from the national park are fully booked.

The meadows from the base offer the scenic perspective of the traditional mountain village from the Carpathians, especially in Magura and partially in Pestera, from where you can see both Bucegi and Piatra Craiului Mountains. You will find easy hiking routes that will take you from village to village, exploring rural landscapes lost long ago for the contemporary world. Don’t be surprised if you’ll constantly stumble upon cows, goats, sheep or horses grazing without a care in the world.

MUREȘ FLOODPLAIN NATURAL PARK

The Mureș Floodplain Natural Park, set aside by the Romanian government in 2005, is located in western Romania outside the city of Arad. The park covers 17,455 ha and follows the Mureş River westward from the city of Arad to the Hungarian border. The park is a typical ecosystem for wetlands, with running waters, lakes, swamps and floodplains, with forests, an important place for the passage and nesting of bird species and is subjected to periodical floods (a flood every three years). The forests (7,500 ha) in the park are made up primarily of common oak, narrow-leafed ash, black and white poplar, white willow, and American black walnut. This area is an important place for nesting and passage for nearly 200 species of birds, most of which are strictly protected internationally.

The main purpose of the Mureș Floodplain Natural Park is to protect and preserve the habitats and landscape diversity from the region. The park has been designated a RAMSAR site, and under Natura 2000, the park was designated a SPA (Special Protection Area) for birds, and a SAC (Special Area of Conservation) for other species and habitats. Within the park, there are 4 strictly protected natural reserves: The Cenad Forest (310.5 ha), Big Isle of Cenad (2.1 ha), Igriș Islands (7 ha), and Prundul Mare (717.9 ha). The park is a sister park with the Körös-Maros National Park, in Hungary. The two parks border each other and have created a cross-border protected area with a future common management plan.

The vegetation in the park grows in a continental climate, with warm summers and moderate winters. The annual average temperature is 10.5 degrees Celsius and the average annual rainfall is 550 mm. Many plants within the park need the periodic flooding in order to germinate and to consume the nutrients freshly dissolved in the water. A large number of plants in the park are on “the red list of superior plants in Romania”, meaning they are vulnerable or rare species. Some of these include: Water soldier (Stratiotes aloides), lesser Butterfly-orchid (Platanthera bifolia), French vetch (Vicia narbonensis L. ssp. serratifolia). Besides this, there are also three species which are strictly protected according to the Bern Convention: Stands of oak (Quercus robur) is predominant in the park.

The fauna in the park encompasses a multitude of species, from large mammals to species living on the river bottom. There are large populations of mammal species living within the park. Among these are: European hamster (Cricetus cricetus), European polecat (Mustela putorius), brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus), otter (Lutra lutra), European wildcat (Felis silvestris), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), red deer (Cervus elaphus), (Sus scrofa), fallow deer (Dama dama) and (Capreolus capreolus). In 1988, the area which is now the Mureș Floodplain Natural Park was designated as an “Important Bird Area” because of the existence of numerous bird species. Nearly all the birds living in The Mures Floodplain Natural Park are included in the annexes of the Bern Convention and the EU’s Habitats Directive. Among them is the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina), whose numbers within the park are low, but which was chosen as symbol of the natural park. tem for its education efforts.

MARAMUREŞ MOUNTAINS NATURAL PARK

Maramureş Mountains Natural Park is the largest protected territory in the Romanian Carpathians. The main reasons for preserving this remote area include widely spread natural habitats, the wood civilization born here and the presence of the flora and fauna emblematic for the Carpathians. Furthermore 70% of the park surface is part of the European Ecological Network – Natura 2000. Maramureş Mountains Natural Park is situated in the northern part of the Romania's Maramureş county, north of Viseu river, lying up to the Ukrainian border.

The relief developed on crystalline rocks has a dominating note resulted from cupola-shaped massifs and relatively mild shape of the ridges. The most representative valleys crossing these mountains are deep in crystalline formations (Vaser, Ruscova). The structural relief is present in the north part (Copilasu, Budescu). The lime traces in the Mihailecu massif are of special interest. The volcanic relief is represented by basalts (Farcau-Mihailecu) and sub-volcanic bodies brought to surface by erosion (Toroiaga group). The periglacial relief was formed in Pleistocene, when significant portion of the soil was in permanently frozen regime. The karst morphology is represented by 32 relativelly small caves. There is a multitude of small rivers and brooks. Two rivers, Vaser and Ruscova, divide the range into three main parts. These rivers form two of the most impressive valleys of the region, with spectacular steep slopes. Vaser, the most important tributary of Vişeu, is about 60 km long (see Vaser valley chapter). The valley is considered to be one of the most beautiful ones in the Eastern Carpathians, offering a succession of wonderful and unique landscapes.

The Vişeu River is one of the two main rivers that cross the Maramureş Depression from southeast to northwest. To the east of it, there are the Maramureş Mountains, while to the west, there are the gentle valleys with famous villages and characteristic wooden churches, being a UNESCO's Cultural Heritage. A rich variety of flora thrives in the hills and among the network of rivers and streams. More than a half of the total number of families within the whole Romanian flora is present on the territory of Maramureş Mountains Natural Park. There are numerous species that are very popular in the region, but there is also a significant number of flora rarities. .A great number of endemic elements characteristic for the Carpathians cen be seen on the park's territory such as: Aconitum moldavicum, Campanula carpatica, Festuca carpatica, Leucanthemum waldsteinii, Pulmonaria filarszkyana. These elements formed during different phyto-historical stages and thus enhance substantially the botanic value, which makes the flora of the Maramureş Nature Park so special. On its territory have been identified 22 fish species, 8 amphibian species, 7 reptile species, 126 bird species and 41 mammal species. The avifauna is typical for the area of the beech forests, the mixed forests and mountain pastures.

RODNEI MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

Rodna Mountains culminate the highestpeaksof Eastern Carpathians (Pietrosul Rodnei, 2303 m) and they are placed in north of Romania. They belong to the Northen Carpathian group, known as Maramures and Bucovina Carpathians, and dominate the boundary region, the highest altitude gap being recorded in the midst of Maramures hollow, which is placed in north of Romania, Eastern Carpathians, county of Maramures and Bistrita-Nasaud.

Baltic influences are apparent in this mountain; due to high altitude the climate is severe. The annual average temperature is about 7-8°C downhill and negative (-1.5ºC) uphill. In January, the temperature averages -3ºC downhill and -9ºC uphill respectively. For July, the corresponding figures are 18ºC and 7ºC respectively. Rainfall exceeds 1.200-1.300 mm/year.

Someșul Mare originates in this massif and gathers all water bodies from south-east, south and west: Cobășel, Valea Vinului, Anieș, Cormaia, Rebra, Sălăuța (with Telcișor and Strâmba as tributaries) and so on. The most important rivers of Maramureș Depression (e.g. ) have their origins on the northem slope.Bistrița Aurie has its origin beneath the Gărgălău Peak and runs towards Moldova. Beneath the crest there are 23 small glacial lakes, the most important ones being Iezerul Pietrosului, Tăurile Buhăiescului, LaLa Mare, Lala Mică and Știol.

More than 1.100 species of flowering plants are to be found in these mountains. Endemic species, typical for this massif are the following ones: Silene nivalis, Festuca versicolor ssp. dominii, Minuartia verna ssp oxypetala; other species, also endemic but not only for these mountains are Centaurea carpatica ssp. carpatica, Centaurea pinnatifida, Dianthus tenuifolius, Papaver alpinum ssp. corona- sancti-stephani, Poa granitica ssp. disparilis, Poa rehmannii, Festuca nitida ssp. flaccida, Trisetum macrotrichum, Heracleum carpaticum, Heracleum palmatum.

Numerous invertebrates are endemic or relics: 28 species of aquatic worms, 12 species of Lumbricidae, of which Allolobophora carpatica is an endemic species for Rodnei and Maramureș Mountains. Many species of Collembola have been identified, but the most important one is Tetrachanthella transylvanica. Diplopoda are represented by 20 species, of which 9 are endemic species, such as: Glomeris promineus, Polydesmus daday. As for Chilopoda, 36 species have been identified, of which 6 species are endemic, such as: Clinopodes rodnensis, Lithobius matici. Orthoptera are represented by 39 species, of which Pholidoptera transylvanica and Miramella ebneri carpathica are endemic species.

CALIMANI NATIONAL PARK

Călimani National Park is a protected area of national interest, located in north-central Romania, which lies in the north-eastern part of Mureş county (on administrative territories of communes Lunca Bradului, Răstoliţa and Stînceni); the south-western part of (on territories of communes Dorna Candrenilor, Panaci, Poiana Stampei and Şaru Dornei and of the town Vatra Dornei); the northwestern part of Harghita county (territories of commune Bilbor and of the town Topliţa); and the south-eastern part of Bistriţa-Năsăud county, on the administrative territory of Bistriţa Bârgăului.

The flora of the protected area comprises plant species (trees, shrubs and herbs) distributed on levels, in accordance with the geological and geomorphological structure, soil, climate, or altitude characteristics where these are met. There are coniferous forests with tree species of (Abies alba), (Larix decidua), (Pinus cembra), (Taxus baccata), (Pinus sylvestris), (Pinus mugo), (Juniperus sibirica) or (Juniperus communis), woods with stand of trees: (Fagus sylvatica), (Quercus petraea), (Quercus robur), (Carpinus betulus), (Acer pseudoplatanus), (Acer platanoides), (Tilia cordata), (Faxinus excelsior), (Acer Campestre), (Betula pendula), (Ulmus glabra), (Acer platanoides), (Salix bicolor), (Salix eleagnos), (Alnus viridis), (Alder glutinosa) and shrubs species: (Rhododendron Kotschy), (Cornus mas), (Corylus Avellana), (Crataegus monogyna), (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), (Sambucus nigra), (Robus fruticosus), (Robus idaeus), (Rosa canina), (Vaccinium vitis-idaea).

The Park’s fauna is diverse and well represented by many species (some are on the red list of IUCN) mammals - (Ursus arctos), (Cervus elaphus), (Capreolus capreolus), (Canis lupus), (Sus scrofa), (Vulpes vulpes crucigera), (Lynx lynx), (Lutra Lutra), (Sciurus carolinensis), (Martes martes), (Mustela putorius), (Talpa europaea), (Sorex alpinus), (Sorex araneus), (Microtus arvalis) or bat and bird species - (Aquila chrysaetos), (Accipiter nisus), (Aegithalos caudatus), (Tetrao urogallus), (Accipiter gentilis), (Aquila pomarina), (Corvus corax), (Cinclus cinclus), (Motacilla flava), (Pyrrhula Pyrrhula), (Motacilla cinerea), (Pycoides tridactylus), (Carduelis spinus), (Parus ater), (yloxy curvirostra), (Carduelis Carduelis), (Parus cristatus), (Falco peregrinus), (Regulus regulus), (Turdus philomelos).

DEFILEUL JIULUI NATIONAL PARK

The Defileul Jiului National Park (Parcul National Defileul Jiului) is a protected area, situated in Romania on the administrativ territory of counties Gorj (92%) and Hunedoara (8%). Defileul Jiului National Park has a length of 33 km and is crossed by the national road DN66, access is made through the south of locality Bumbesti Jiu or through the north of localities Aninoasa and Petrosani.

The current road, which crosses the was built by stonemasons craftsmen in 1880s brought in from Italy. Was continued in the interwar period and was paved only after the 50s. In parallel, starting with the interwar period, the railroad was built ,Bumbesti Jiu - Livezeni having 38 tunnels.

Defileul Jiului National Park has an area of 11.127 ha. The park is covered over 80% of beech and oak forests in combination with hornbeam or ash. River Jiu traverses by meandering the entire length of the park's 33 km.

Defileul Jiului National Park, houses a rich population of carnivores: bear, wolf, lynx, otter, marten, badger, wildcat, but also carpathian deer, chamois, deer, birds: golden eagle, peregrine falcon, common buzzard, red kite, white-throated dipper and northern goshawk.

PARCURI NAŢIONALE ŞI NATURALE DIN ROMÂNIA

CLASA GRUPA PARCUL NAŢIONAL / NATURAL

VIII A Adam Anca, Albert Delia, Balint Cristian Parcul Naţional Piatra Craiului

VIII A Bitiuşcă Marian, Bejan Ana, Bârzu Constantin Parcul Natural Lunca Mureşului

VIII A Bitiuşcă Danielle, Boancă Raul, Petrariu Cosmin Parcul Natural Munţii Maramureşului

VIIIA Deordea Lucia, Gherăescu Iosif, Lădan Paul, Parcul Naţional Munţii Rodnei

Roman Gabriel

VIIIA Dorcu Laura, Pavăl Roxana, Petrariu Petru Parcul Naţional Călimani

VIII A Mîrţ Carolina, Crişu Teodor, Arabagi Nicoleta Parcul Naţional Defileul Jiului

VIIIB Anti Bianca, Albert Daniel, Măi-Mihai Cristian Geoparcul Dinozaurilor, Ţara Haţegului

VIII B Bălteanu Ştefana, Bejan Alexandra, Parcul Naţional Munţii Măcinului

Bucătaru Gheorghiţă

VIII B Bejan Cătălin, Bitiuşcă Emilia, Negru Iulia Parcul Naţional Cozia

VIII B BitiuşcăCristian, Bitiuşcă Maria, Nănică Laur Parcul Naţional Retezat

VIII B Fiu Segiu, Cotnăreanu Sergiu, Ghercă Paula Parcul Natural Vânători-Neamţ

VIII B Stolnicu Marian, Măi-Mihai Emanuel, Pavaliu Elena Parcul Natural Porţile de Fier

ȘCOALA GIMNAZIALĂ BUTEA

KA2 „Lokalne skarby- dziel sie tym, co najlepsze” - " Local treasures"