<<

UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

Preposterous revelations: Visions of Apocalypse and martyrdom in Hollywood cinema 1980-2000

Copier, L.T.

Publication date 2009 Document Version Final published version

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA): Copier, L. T. (2009). Preposterous revelations: Visions of Apocalypse and martyrdom in Hollywood cinema 1980-2000.

General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl)

Download date:29 Sep 2021 Works Cited Allen, Robert C., and Douglas Gomery. Film History: Theory and Practice. New York: McGraw, 1985. Altman, Rick. “A Semantic/Syntactic Approach to Film Genre.” Film Genre Reader 2. Ed. Barry Keith Grant. Austin: U of Texas P, 1995. 26-40. - - - . Film/Genre. London: BFI, 1999. Anderson, George K. The Legend of the Wandering Jew. Providence: Brown UP, 1965. Andrews, Nigel. True Myths: The Life and Times of Arnold Schwarzenegger. New York: Bloomsbury, 2003. Arroyo, José. Action/Spectacle: A Sight and Sound Reader. London: BFI, 2000. Aune, David E. “The Apocalypse of John and the Problem of Genre.” Semeia 36: Early Christian Apocalypticism: Genre and Social Setting (1986): 65-96. - - - . 1998. “Revelation 6-16.” Word Biblical Commentary 52b (1986): 357-903. Bal, Mieke. Lethal Love: Feminist Literary Readings of Biblical Love Stories. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1987. - - - . Murder and Difference: Gender, Genre, and Scholarship on Sisera’s Death. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1988. - - - . Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of the Narrative. 2nd ed. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1997. - - - . On Story-Telling: Essays in Narratology. Sonoma: Polebridge Press, 1991. - - - . Quoting Caravaggio: Contemporary Art, Preposterous History. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1999. - - - . Reading Rembrandt: Beyond the Word-Image Opposition. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. - - - . Travelling Concepts in the Humanities: A Rough Guide. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2002. Barkun, Michael. “Racist Apocalypse: Millennialism on the Far Right.” The Year 2000: Essays on The End. Ed. Charles B. Strozier and Michael Flynn. New York: New York UP, 1997. 190-205. - - - . Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1994.

251 Barr, David L.ed. Reading the Book of Revelation: A Resource for Students. Atlanta: SBL, 2003. Barthes, Roland. Image, Music, Text. New York: Hill & Wang, 1977. Bauckham, Richard. The Climax of Prophecy: Studies on the Book of Revelation. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1993. - - - . The Theology of the Book of Revelation. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993. Baudrillard, Jean. The Illusion of the End. Cambridge: Polity, 1994. - - - . Symbolic Exchange and Death. London: Sage, 1993. Beal, Timothy K. Religion and Its Monsters. New York: Routledge, 2002. Beal, Timothy K., and Tod Linafelt. Mel Gibson’s Bible: Religion, Popular Culture, and The Passion of the Christ. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2006. Beavis, Mary Ann. “‘Angels Carrying Savage Weapons’: Uses of the Bible in Contemporary Horror Films.” Journal of Religion and Film 7.2 (2003). 5 June 2007 . Bell-Metereau, Rebecca. Hollywood Androgyny. New York: Columbia UP, 1985. Bellour, Raymond. The Analysis of Film. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000. - - - . “To Analyze, To Segment.” Quarterly Review of Film Studies 1.3 (1976): 331- 353. Beqcuer, Marcos, and José Gatti. “Elements of Vogue.” The Subcultures Reader. Ed. Ken Gelder and Sarah Thornton. London: Routledge, 1991. 445-453. Bingen, Hildegard von. Scivias. Ed. and trans. C. Hart and J. . New York: Paulist, 1990. Bloom, Harold. The American Religion: The Emergence of the Post-Christian Nation. New York: Simon, 1993. Bordwell, David. Making Meaning: Inference and Rhetoric in the Interpretation of Cinema. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1989. - - - . Narration in the Fiction Film. London: Routledge, 1985. - - - . The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies. Berkeley and Los Angeles: U of California P, 2006. Bordwell, David, and Kristin Thompson. Film Art: An Introduction. 5th ed. New York: McGraw, 1997.

252 Boyarin, Daniel. Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999. Boyer, Paul. When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1992. Bremmer, Jan N. “Magic, martyrdom and women’s liberation in the Acts of Paul and Thecla.” The Apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla. Ed. Jan N. Bremmer. Kampen: Kok, 1996. 36-59. Brenner, Athalya, ed. Prophets and Daniel: A Femist Companion to the Bible. Sheffield: Continuum, 2001. Broderick, Mick. “The Rupture of The Rapture: Recent Film Narratives of Apocalypse.” (1994). 15 February 2007 . Brooks, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. Oxford: Clarendon, 1984. Carroll, Noël. Interpreting the Moving Image. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998. Castelli, Elizabeth. “‘I Will Make Mary Male’: Pieties of the Body and Gender Transformation of Christian Women in Late Antiquity.” Body Guards: The Cultural Politics of Gender Ambiguity. Ed. Julia Epstein and Kristina Straub. New York: Routledge, 1991. 29-49. - - - . “Visions and Victims.” Women’s Review of Books 15.6 (1998): 14-15. Castelli, Elizabeth A. Martyrdom and Memory: Early Christian Culture Making. New York: Columbia UP, 2004. Chion, Michel. Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen. New York: Columbia, 1994. Clover, Carol J. Men, Women, and Chain Saws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1992. Cohn, Norman. Cosmos, Chaos and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith. New Haven: Yale UP, 1993. Collins, John J. The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to the Jewish Matrix of Christianity. New York: Crossroad, 1984. - - - . “Introduction: Towards the Morphology of a Genre.” Semeia 14: Apocalypse: The Morphology of a Genre (1979): 1-20.

253 Corrington, Gail Paterson. Her Image of Salvation: Female Saviors and Formative Christianity. Louisville: Westminster/Knox, 1992. Corrington Streete, Gail. “Women as Sources of Redemption and Knowledge in Early Christian Traditions.” Women & Christian Origins. Ed. Ross Shepard Kramer and Mary Rose D’Angelo. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. 330-354. Creed, Barbara. “ and the Monstrous-Feminine.” The Gendered Cyborg: A Reader. Ed. Gill Kirkup, Linda Janes, Kathryn Woodward and Fiona Hovenden. London: Routledge, 2000. 124-135. First published in Alien Zone (1990). Excerpted from Creed’s “Horror and the Monstrous- Feminine: An Imaginary Abjection.” Screen 28.2 (1987). - - - . The Monstrous-Feminine: Film, feminism, psychoanalysis. London and New York: Routledge, 1993. Culler, Jonathan. On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism. London: Routledge and Kegan, 1982. - - - . The Pursuit of Signs: Semiotics, Literature, Deconstruction. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2002. Cunneen, Joseph. “Film and the Sacred.” Cross Currents 43.1 (1993): 92-104. Davis, Mike. Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster. New York: Vintage, 1998. Deleuze, Gilles. The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1993. DeSilva, David A. 4 Maccabees. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1998. Dickinson, Kay. “Pop, Speed and the ‘MTV Aesthetic’ in Recent Teen Films.” Scope, an online journal of film-studies. Institute of Film Studies at the University of Nottingham (June 2001). September 2005 Doherty, Thomas. “Genre, Gender and the Trilogy.” The Dread of Difference: Gender and the Horror Film. Ed. Barry Keith Grant. Austin: U of Texas P, 1996. 181-199. Droge, Arthur J., and James D. Tabor. A Noble Death: Suicide and Martyrdom among Christians and Jews in the Antiquity. San Francisco: Harper, 1992.

254 Dyer, Richard. Heavenly Bodies: Film Stars and Society. London: Routledge, 2004. - - - . Stars. London: BFI, 1979. - - - . White. London: Routledge, 1997. Ebert, Roger. “The Rapture.” Chicago Sunday Times 27 October 1991. Eliot, T.S. The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism. London: Methuen, 1950. Ellis, John. Visible Fictions: Cinema, Television, Video. London: Routledge, 1982. Elsaesser, Thomas, and Warren Buckland. Studying Contemporary American Film: A Guide to Movie Analysis. London: Arnold, 2002. Emmerich, Anne Catherine. The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ. 1883. El Sobrante: North Bay, 2003. Fiske, John. Television Culture. London: Routledge, 1995. Fleming, Charles. High Concept: Don Simpson and the Hollywood Culture of Excess. New York: Doubleday, 1998. Frye, Northrop. The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Toronto: Academic, 1982. Frykholm, Amy Johnson. Rapture Culture: Left Behind in Evangelical America. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004. Fukuyama, Francis. The End of History and the Last Man. London: Penguin, 1992. Fuller, Robert. Naming the Antichrist: The History of an American Obsession. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. Garber, Zev. Mel Gibson’s Passion: The Film, The Controversy and its Implications. Ashland: Purdue UP, 2006. Garrett, Susan R. “Revelation.” The Women’s Bible Commentary. Ed. Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe. Louisville: Westminster/Knox, 1992. 377- 382. Gibson, Sheila. “Something to crow about.” Skeptic 7.3 (1999): 20-22. Gould, Stephen Jay. Questioning the Millennium: A Rationalist’s Guide to a Precisely Arbitrary Countdown. New York: Harmony, 1997. Halberstam, Judith. Female Masculinity. Durham: Duke UP, 1998. Hardy, Phil. “Review of The Seventh Sign.” The Encyclopedia of Horror. London: Aurum, 1993.

255 Hasan-Rokem, Galit. “Martyr vs. Martyr: The Sacred Language of Violence.” Ethnologia Europaea 33.2 (2003): 99-104. - - - . Web of Life: Folklore and Midrash in Rabbinic Literature. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2000. Hasan-Rokem, Galit, and Alan Dundes, ed. The Wandering Jew: Essays in the Interpretation of a Christian Legend. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1986. Heath, Stephen. Questions of Cinema. London: MacMillan, 1981. Henten, Jan Willem van. “De Openbaring van Johannes.” De Bijbel Literair: Opbouw en gedachtegang van de bijbelse geschriften en hun onderlinge relaties. Ed. J. Fokkelman and W.J.C. Weren. Zoetermeer/Kapellen: Meinema/ Pelckmans, 2003. 745-759. - - - . “Internet Martyrs and Violence: Victims and/or Perpetrators?” Sanctified Aggression: Legacies of Biblical and Post Biblical Vocabularies of Violence. Ed. Jonneke Bekkenkamp and Yvonne Sherwood. London: Continuum, 2003. - - - . “Jewish and Christian Martyrs.” Holy Persons in Judaism and Christianity. Ed. Marcel Poorthuis & Joshua Schwartz. Leiden: Brill, 2004. - - - . The Maccabean Martyrs as Saviours of the Jewish People: A Study of 2 and 4 Maccabees. Leiden: Brill, 1997. - - - . “The Prestige of the Pagan Prophet Balaam in Judaism, Early Christianity and Islam.” Themes in Biblical Narrative. Ed. George H. van Kooten and Jacques van Ruiten. Leiden: Brill, 2008. 247-263. Henten, Jan Willem van, and Friedrich Avemarie. Martyrdom and Noble Death: Selected texts from Graeco-Roman and Christian Antiquity. London: Routledge, 2002. Henten, Jan Willem van, and Osger Mellink, ed. Visioenen aangaande het einde: Apocalyptische geschriften en bewegingen door de eeuwen heen. Zoetermeer: Uitgeverij Meinema, 1998. James, Caryn. “Film View: Zeitgeist Isn’t a Snap To Capture.” New York Times 13 October 1991. The Internet Medieval Source Book.

256 The Internet Movie Database. Juergensmeyer, Mark. Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: U of California P, 2003. Keane, Stephen. Disaster Movies: The Cinema of Catastrophe. London: Wallflower, 2001. Keller, Catherine. Apocalypse Now and Then: A Feminist Guide to the End of the World. Boston: Beacon, 1996. - - - . Face of the Deep: A Theology of Becoming. London: Routledge, 2003. - - - . God and Power: Counter-Apocalyptic Journeys. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2005. - - - . “Why Apocalypse, Now?” Theology Today 49.2 (1992): 183-195. Kermode, Frank. The Sense of an Ending: Studies in the Theory of Fiction. New York: Oxford UP, 1967. King, Geoff. Spectacular Narratives: Hollywood in the Age of the Blockbuster. London: Tauris, 2000. Kohlberg, E. “Shahid.” The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Ed. C.E. Bosworth et al. Leiden: Brill, 1995. 203-207. Kovacs, Judith, and Christopher Rowland. Revelation: The Apocalypse of Jesus Christ. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004. Krauss, Rosalind E. “The Destiny of the Informe.” Formless: A User’s Guide. Ed. Yve-Alain Bois and Rosalind E. Krauss. New York: Zone, 1997. 235-252. Kristeva, Julia. Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. New York: Columbia UP, 1980. - - - . Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. New York: Columbia UP, 1982. LaHaye, Timothy, and Jerry Jenkins. Left Behind: A Novel of the Earth’s Last Days. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale, 1995. Lawrence, John Shelton, and Robert Jewett. The Myth of the American Superhero. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002. Lefkowitz, Mary R. “The Motivations for St. Perpetua’s Martyrdom.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 44.3 (1976): 417-421. Lewinstein, Keith. “The revaluation of martyrdom in early Islam.” Sacrificing the Self: Perspectives on Martyrdom and Religion. Ed. Margaret Cormack. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002.

257 Maier, Harry O. Apocalypse Recalled: The Book of Revelation after Christendom. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2002. Martin, Joel W. “Anti-feminism in Recent Apocalyptic Film.” The Journal of Religion and Film 4.1 (2000). August 2005 Martin, Joel W., and Conrad E. Ostwalt, Jr., ed. Screening the Sacred: Religion, Myth, and Ideology in Popular American Film. Boulder: Westview, 1995. Maslin, Janet. “Review/Film Festival: Religion Taken to the Breaking Point.” New York Times 30 September _____. McDonald, Paul. The Star System: Hollywood’s Production of Popular Identities. London: Wallflower, 2000. McEver, Matthew. “The Messianic Figure in Film: Christology Beyond the Biblical Epic.” The Journal of Religion and Film 2.2 (1998) October online version McHenry, Eric. “Deep Impact screenwriter to speak about apocalypse as entertainment, and vice versa.” B.U. Bridge II.16 (1998) Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Miles, Margaret R. “‘Becoming Male’: Women Martyrs and Ascetics.” Carnal Knowing: Female Nakedness and Religious Meaning in the Christian West. New York: Vintage, 1989. 53-77. - - - . Seeing and Believing: Religion and Values in the Movies. Boston: Beacon, 1996. Moore, Stephen D. God’s Beauty Parlor and Other Queer Spaces In and Around the Bible. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2001. Moore, Stephen D., and Janice Capel Anderson. “Taking It Like A Man: Masculinity in 4 Maccabees.” The Journal of Biblical Literature 117.2 (1998): 249-273. Mulvey, Laura. Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image. London: Reaktion, 2006. Neupert, Richard. The End: Narration and Closure in the Cinema. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1995. Newman, Kim. “The Rapture.” Monthly Film Bulletin 55.658 (1988): 339-340.

258 Newport, Kenneth G.C. Apocalypse and Millennium: Studies in Biblical Eisegesis. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. Newton, Judith. “Feminism and Anxiety in Alien.” Science Fiction Studies 7.3 (1980). Rpt. In Alien Zone: Cultural Theory and Contemporary Science Fiction Cinema. Ed. Annette Kuhn. London: Verso, 1990. 82-87. Ostwalt, Conrad E. “Armageddon at the Millennial Dawn.” The Journal of Religion and Film 4.1 (2000). 9 June 2008 Ostwalt, Conrad E., Jr. “Hollywood and Armageddon: Apocalyptic Themes in Recent Cinematic Representation.” Screening the Sacred: Religion, Myth, and Ideology in Popular American Film. Ed. Joel W. Martin and Conrad E. Ostwalt, Jr. Boulder: Westview, 1995. 55-63. Panofsky, Erwin. Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance. New York: Harper, 1967. Papastergiadis, Nikos. “Tracing Hybridity in Theory.” Debating Cultural Hybridity: Multicultural Identities and the Politics of Anti-Racism. Ed. Pnina Werbner and Tariq Modood. London: Zed, 1997. 257-281. Paulien, Jon. “The Lion/Lamb King: Reading the Apocalypse from Popular Culture.” Reading the Book of Revelation: A Resource for Students. Ed. David L. Barr. Atlanta: SBL, 2003. 151-161. Penner, Todd, and Caroline Vander Stichele. “The Tyranny of the Martyr: Violence and Victimization in Martyrdom Discourse and the Movies of Lars von Trier.” Sanctified Aggression: Legacies of Biblical and Post Biblical Vocabularies of Violence. Ed. Jonneke Bekkenkamp and Yvonne Sherwood. London: Continuum, 2003. 175-192. Peteet, Julie. “Icons and Militants: Mothering in the Danger Zone.” Signs 23.1 (1997): 103-129.

259 Pippin, Tina. Apocalyptic Bodies: The Biblical End of the World in Text and Image. London: Routledge, 1999. - - - . “The Heroine and the Whore: Fantasy and the Female in the Apocalypse of John.” Semeia 60. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1992. 67-82. - - - . Political Reality and the Liberating Vision: The Context of the Book of Revelation. Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1987. Plate, S. Brent, ed. Re-Viewing The Passion: Mel Gibson’s Film and Its Critics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Quinby, Lee. Anti-Apocalypse: Exercises in Genealogical Criticism. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994. Reinhartz, Adele. Jesus of Hollywood. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. - - - . “Scripture on the Silver Screen.” Journal of Religion and Film 3.1 (1999). 19 July 2007 - - - . Scripture on the Silver Screen. Louisville: Westminster/Knox, 2003. Resseguie, James L. Revelation Unsealed: A Narrative Critical Approach to John’s Apocalypse. Leiden: Brill, 1998. Ryan, Michael, and Douglas Kellner. Camera Politica: The Politics and Ideology of Contemporary Hollywood Film. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1988. Salt, Barry. Film Style and Technology: History and Analysis. London: Starword, 1992. Salisbury, Joyce. Perpetua’s Passion: The Death and Memory of a Young Roman Woman. New York and London: Routledge, 1997. Schneider, Karen. “With violence if necessary.” Journal of Popular Film and Television 27.1 (1999): 2-11. Schüssler-Fiorenza, Elisabeth. Invitation to the Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Apocalypse with Complete Text from the Jerusalem Bible. New York: Image, 1981. - - - . Revelation: Vision of a Just World. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991. Scott, Joan. “Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis.” Coming to Terms: Feminism, Theory, Politics. Ed. Elizabeth Weed. New York: Routledge, 1989. 81-100.

260 Shaw, Brent D. “The Passion of Perpetua.” Past and Present, 193 (1993): 3-45. Shepard, Lucius. “Onward Christian Movies.” Fantasy & Science Fiction 104.6 (2003): 120-125. Smith, Gavin. “We fabricate our lives: Michael Tolkin interviewed by Gavin Smith.” Film Comment 30.5 (1994): 54-59. Strauven, Wanda, ed. The Cinema of Attractions Reloaded. Amsterdam: Amsterdam UP, 2006. Strozier, Charles. Apocalypse: On the Psychology of Fundamentalism in America. Boston: Beacon, 1994. Swallow, James. Dark Eye: The Films of David Fincher. London: Reynolds and Hearn, 2003. Tasker, Yvonne. Spectacular Bodies: Gender, Genre and the Action Cinema. London: Routledge, 1993. Tatum, W. Barnes. Jesus at the Movies: A Guide to the First Hundred Years. Santa Rosa: Polebridge, 1997. Taubin, Amy. “The ‘Alien’ trilogy: from feminism to Aids.” Women and Film: A Sight and Sound Reader. Ed. Pam Cook and Philip Dodd. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1993. 93-100. Thompson, Kristin. Storytelling in the New Hollywood: Understanding Classical Narrative Technique. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1999. Thompson, Leonard L. The Book of Revelation: Apocalypse and Empire. New York: Oxford UP, 1990. Vander Stichele, Caroline and Todd Penner. “Passion for (the) Real? The Passion of the Christ and its Critics.” Biblical Interpretation, 1-2.14. Leiden: Brill, 2006. 18-36. Walsh, Richard. “On Finding a Non-American Revelation.” Screening Scripture: Intertextual Connections Between Scripture and Film. Ed. George Aichele and Richard Walsh. Harrisburg: Trinity, 2002. - - - . Reading the Gospels in the Dark: Portrayals of Jesus in Film. Harrisburg: Trinity, 2003.

261 Watts, Pauline Moffitt. “Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus’s “Enterprise of the Indies.” The American Historical Review 1 (1985): 73-102. Weber, Timothy P. Living in the Shadow of the Second Coming: American Premillennialism 1875-1982. Chicago: Chicago UP, 1987. Wojcik, Daniel. The End of the World as We Know It: Faith, Fatalism, and Apocalypse in America. New York: New York UP, 1997. Woodward, Kenneth. Making Saints. Inside the Vatican: Who Become Saints, Who Do Not, and Why… London: Chatto & Windus, 1991. Wright, Melanie J. “Religion and Film.” The Religion and Film Reader. Ed. Jolyon Mitchell and S. Brent Plate. New York: Routledge, 2007. 438-444. Wyatt, Justin. High Concept: Movies and Marketing in Hollywood. Austin: U of Texas P, 1994. Yacowar, Maurice. “The Bug in the Rug: Notes on the Disaster Genre.” Film Genre: Theory and Criticism. Ed. Barry K. Grant. New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1976. 90-107. Zizek, Slavoj. Looking Awry: An Introduction to Jacques Lacan Through Popular Culture. Cambridge: MIT, 1991.

262