MF2925 Landscape Design

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MF2925 Landscape Design Landscape DESIGN The goal of landscape design is to connect a house, fence, water feature, commercial building, or any permanent structure to the environment. Landscape plants and other materials should aesthetically enhance the environment, creating a setting that unites and balances the structure with its surroundings. Planning is important. The landscape according to use — public, private, utility, designer should carefully consider the play, borders, foundations, etc. This enables beauty and science of plants to be used as working with smaller sections while well as the following site features. following an overall plan. Evaluate the direction the structure Drainage is critical for plant growth. faces from all sides. Sun exposure is a Few plants grow well in wet or soggy critical plant requirement. Generally, the soil. Water should drain away from north side will be shady, the east will get the structure. Downspouts should be morning sun, the west afternoon sun, and extended and buried under landscape the south will be sunny most of the day. beds to prevent erosion around plants. Sun exposure can vary depending on trees Excess water must go somewhere, so or other structures that may shade an excess free-moving water may need to be otherwise sunny area. Structure orientation diverted away from structures, neighbors, also predicts wind flow. Hot winds blow or landscapes. Before excavating, identify from the southwest and cold winter winds and avoid underground utilities, water and from the northwest. sewer lines, and septic laterals by calling How will the family or those working 1-800-DIGSAFE (1-800-344-7233). in and around the structure use the The designer should sketch a plot landscape? Does the family have young drawing using accurate measurements. It children? Will they entertain frequently should indicate parameters such as the using the outdoor areas? Do they plan foundation of the structure, windows, to have a vegetable garden? Need a place doors, driveways, sidewalks, utility boxes, Kansas State for fireplace wood? Does the yard need marked utility line locations, patios, air University privacy? Understanding the uses will conditioner, playground equipment, pools, Agricultural determine what plants should be used. and existing plant materials to be kept. Experiment Station It is useful to divide the landscape into Plant symbols should be drawn to scale. A and Cooperative functional areas and landscape areas common landscape scale is 1/8 inch is equal Extension Service Landscape DESIGN 1 to 1 foot. See the landscape plan on landscape design should have a point of pages 14-15. interest during each season. Look for Think about how the design will plants with beautiful foliage, bark, berries, function now and in the future. Will a and flowers. There are plants for all seasons pathway be needed for access from one with appealing, unique qualities. area of the yard to another? Pathways Plan for the full-grown size. The should be wide enough for two people most common landscaping mistake is to to walk together or pass each other. The plant too many plants too close together pathway should to be at least 3 to 5 feet in too small an area. When designing wide and sloped at 1 to 2 percent grade so the landscape, the first consideration is water does not stand or puddle if using a the sun requirement of the plant. Size solid surface. Avoid a path that feels closed is equally important. Give plants ample in or restricted. The closer plants are to the room to exhibit unique characteristics. walkway, especially larger plants, the wider Crowding plants may provide immediate the path requirement. gratification, but will overgrow in as few Will the elevation require steps in as three years. For a sustainable landscape, the landscape? A 6-inch rise (the height) pick plants that are within the hardiness is comfortable for most people. The run zone for your area and pick the perfect (depth of the step) plus twice the rise plant for the spot. Always consider should equal 26 inches. If multiple steps ultimate size, sun, and soil requirements; are needed, include a landing every four or geometric shape; bloom, berry, or foliage five steps, making a gradual stairway. The timing; and compatibility with other surface used for stairs and pathways should plants, while keeping in mind the overall complement landscape materials and be site design. structurally sound so nothing wobbles The landscaped area should be when used. contained in beds. Planting a single Include GFC outlets where electricity shrub in the middle of the lawn creates will be needed. Areas may require outdoor a mowing inconvenience, and the plant lighting, water pumps, holiday lights, must compete with grass for survival. or lighted accent pieces. Plan for future Because competition is strong and neither irrigation lines. PVC sleeves for irrigation will thrive, it is best to plant where and electrical lines are simple to install similar plants can be cared for together. during the initial planting and should For example, acid-loving plants that be part of the landscape plan, even if prefer shade can be grouped for similar completed later. Leave access for hydrants requirements and maintenance. and outlets. Mulching landscape beds helps If the landscape is not new prevent weed growth, insulates soil from construction, evaluate existing landscape temperature fluctuation and conserves plants to determine whether they are moisture. Organic mulches — cypress, worth keeping or should be removed. cedar, or pine bark, for example — actually Although established plants can add to the improve the soil. Underlaid fabric is not design, old, diseased, or overgrown plants required with organic mulch, and weeds can dominate a new landscape. can be controlled by hand or by using a Plan for year-round color and preemergence herbicide. interest. In the Great Plains, there are As mulch biodegrades, it becomes four complete seasons. Each area of the organic matter for soil conditioning. Inorganic mulches such as rock or rubber 2 Landscape DESIGN Left: Natural edging for landscape beds. See diagram below for installation of natural edging. need underlayment to prevent the mulch can be rolled into a circle, it will be too from sinking into the soil. Mulch in a weak and have a short life. Secure the landscape bed should be approximately edging every 3 feet to prevent it from 2 to 4 inches deep. heaving as the ground freezes and thaws. Edging the landscape bed defines the Rubber will not withstand mower blades, planting area from the turf and decreases so it must be installed below mowing maintenance. A natural edging is used height. frequently because of ease of installation Other types of edging require more and flexibility. It can be enlarged or installation and will need to be part of the decreased depending on the bed and plant plan. Stone and concrete edging require a requirements. Install a natural edging by digging a 6-inch-deep trench straight down on the turf side. Angle the trench at 45 degrees toward the landscape. The top of the 6 inches trench should be 6 inches wide. Fill the Turf bottom two-thirds with sand and the top Mulch Landscape bed one-third with mulch. See diagram, right. Edging will need to be cleaned out and re-dug every 2 to 3 years to keep a sharp, Soil Sand Soil clean edge. Be sure drain tubing is buried 6 inches below the edging. Steel and rubber edging are frequently used and readily available. If using rubber edging, be sure to buy a heavy grade. If it Drain tubing Landscape DESIGN 3 solid surface, accomplished by excavating, back, increasing depth and dimension. An leveling, and then forming a base with a exception would be a pastel color theme. compacted layer of crushed rock. There are Softer colors such as pink, lavender, soft many decorative edgings available to suit yellow, blue and white are used throughout different styles and to match well with the to create a calming environment, ideal for structure. a serene garden room. Warmer, brighter colors of red, orange, bright yellow, and hot Elements of Design pink cause more excitement for the viewer. Whether decorating a home, arranging All the colors of nature are compatible. flowers, or landscaping a yard, the elements A simple trick to add color to the of design hold true in creating an artistic landscape is to extend the landscape bed design that is pleasing to the viewer. by approximately 3 to 4 feet and border it This series of design elements is written with flowers. The border can be a solid bed with the landscape in mind, but can have or arranged as color spots — small areas of multiple design applications. flowers spotted throughout the landscape that can be changed with the seasons. Color Try to stay away from alternating mirror images. If using only two colors — Color adds excitement to the for example, red and yellow barberry — landscape. While the many shades of green grouping the plants three or more together are beautiful, they can be redundant. Color, tends to look better than alternating red, size, and contrast are used in creating focal yellow, red, yellow. Something with color, points for the landscape and developing a even if it is a temporary seasonal plant, theme. will add the pizzazz needed to brighten Color can be added by using plants the landscape and make the most of its with colored foliage, flowers, or berries. counterparts. Accent pieces will bring out color in other One last note on color: Do not try ways that compliment the use of plants. to put color in the landscape by leaving Variegated foliage can be used to break tags on plants. It is like wearing the price up colors and add variety to basic green.
Recommended publications
  • Product Catalog
    PRODUCT CATALOG DIRECTIONAL/ACCENT LIGHTS MM15-II | Micro Max | 40 DECK LIGHTS V3 | Visionary Series Spotlight | 12 Tiger Eye | Micro Series Specialty Light | 41 DL15-II | Micro Deck Light | 70 V2 | Visionary Series Spotlight | 13 Owl | Micro Series Specialty Light | 42 DL 20 | Large Deck Light | 71 V1 | Visionary Series Spotlight | 14 Ram | Micro Series Specialty Light | 43 DL15 Curve | Deck Light Curve | 72 X5 | High Power Spotlight | 15 Rock | Micro Series Specialty Light | 44 DL15 PC | Pool Cage Light | 73 MS | Mini Spotlight with Knuckle | 16 RW | Rock Wall | 45 MSL | Mini Spotlight with Leg | 17 CW UDL | Up/Down Wall Light | 46 TURTLE-FRIENDLY LIGHTS TF | Turtle-Friendly Specialty Lights | 76 MOONLIGHTS/DOWNLIGHTS PATHWAY/AREA LIGHTS TF | Turtle-Friendly Path Lights | 77 V3 DWN | Visionary Series Downlight | 20 P0-II | Path Light | 50 HL & MHL | Hanging Lights | 21 P1 | Path Light | 51 TRANSFORMERS P1.90 | Curved Path Light | 52 LED Transformers | 78 WALL WASHERS P2 | Path Light | 53 WW | Wall Washer | 24 P3 | Path Light | 54 MWW | Mini Wall Washer | 25 P4 | Path Light | 55 P9 | Path Light | 56 Contents WELL LIGHTS P10 | Path Light | 57 WL | Well Light | 28 P11 | Path Light | 58 MWL | Mini Well Light | 29 P12 | Path Light | 59 Eagle Eye | Predator Series Recessed Light | 30 P14 | Path Light | 60 Hawk Eye | Predator Series Recessed Light | 31 X-Light-Sgl | Single Sided | 61 Falcon Eye | Predator Series Recessed Light | 32 X-Light-Dbl | Double Sided | 62 Traditional Leaf | Path Light | 63 SPECIALTY LIGHTS Maple Leaf | Path Light | 64 S3 | Submersible Super Saturn | 36 Tropical Leaf | Path Light | 65 S2 | Super Saturn | 37 PL | Brass Series | 66 S1 | Mini Saturn | 38 F9020 | Miami Path Light | 67 S1H | Saturn Halo | 39 3 Garden Light LED | Product Catalog | Version 21 While many landscape lighting fixtures are manufactured in foreign countries, Garden Light LED proudly builds all LED products in our Tampa, Florida factory.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Sustainable Regional Design Strategies Successful
    sustainability Article Making Sustainable Regional Design Strategies Successful Anastasia Nikologianni 1,*, Kathryn Moore 1 and Peter J. Larkham 2 1 School of Architecture and Design, Birmingham City University, City Centre Campus, B4 7BD Birmingham, UK; kathryn.moore@bcu.ac.uk 2 School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, B4 7BD Birmingham, UK; peter.larkham@bcu.ac.uk * Correspondence: natasa.nikologianni@gmail.com; Tel.: +44-(0)-7557386272 Received: 18 December 2018; Accepted: 8 February 2019; Published: 16 February 2019 Abstract: This paper identifies innovative methods of strategic spatial design to demonstrate the sustainable outcomes that can be achieved by adopting landscape practices to future-proof our cities and regions. A range of strategic landscape-led models and methodologies are investigated to reveal the structure, administrative processes and key elements that have been adopted in order to facilitate the integration of climate change environmental design and landscape quality. We have found that a strong established framework that demonstrates innovative project management and early integration of environmental ideas is critical in order to be able to deliver landscape schemes that appropriately identify and address current climatic and social challenges. Furthermore, to make a real difference in the way that professional practice and politics deal with landscape infrastructure, the project framework and key concepts related to landscape design and planning, such as low carbon design and spatial quality, need to be clearly supported by legislation and policy at all levels. Together with close attention to the importance of design, this approach is more likely to ensure effective implementation and smooth communication during the development of a landscape scheme, leading to higher levels of sustainability and resilience in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Justice + Landscape Architecture: a Student's Guide
    ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE a students’ guide This guide was written by three masters of landscape architecture students who wanted to learn more about how landscape architecture can promote social justice and equity through design. In 2016 we became the student representatives for the ASLA's Environmental Justice Professional Practice Network so we could better connect the important work of professionals, academics, and activists working towards environmental justice with students. This guide is a response to our own desires to educate ourselves about environmental justice and share what we learned. It is a starting-off place for students - a compendium of resources, conversations, case studies, and activities students can work though and apply to their studio projects. It is a continuously evolving project and we invite you to get in touch to give us feedback, ask questions, and give us ideas for this guide. We are: Kari Spiegelhalter Cornell University Masters of Landscape Architecture 2018 kts52@cornell.edu Tess Ruswick Cornell University Masters of Landscape Architecture 2018 tmr45@cornell.edu Patricia Noto Rhode Island School of Design Masters of Landscape Architecture 2018 pnoto@risd.edu We have a long list of people to thank who helped us seek resources, gave advice, feedback and support as this guide was written. We'd like to give a huge thank you to: The ASLA Environmental Justice Professional Practice Network for helping us get this project off the ground, especially Erin McDonald, Matt Romero, Julie Stevens,
    [Show full text]
  • School of Design and Community Development 1
    School of Design and Community Development 1 School of Design and Community Development Nature of the School The majors in the School of Design and Community Development focus on improving the quality of life of individuals and groups by designing interactions, educational programs, and services between people and their environments to better address the needs and desires of communities and their residents. We imagine, educate, evaluate, plan, and produce experiences, products, settings and services that have the potential to transform lives. Given the range of our programs and the portability of skills taught in them, outcomes for students vary. Our graduates find employment in professional design settings and interdisciplinary firms; in communities as teachers, as extension agents, and community development specialists. Graduates create careers as entrepreneurs and in traditional design, business and retail settings. And others find placement in a wide spectrum of innovative organizations that use design and design thinking as a way to fully understand and engage with their clients and markets. Study abroad is strongly encouraged in all of our programs, and is required in Interior Design. Accreditation The agricultural and extension education program is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). The fashion, dress and merchandising program is an affiliate member of the Textile and Apparel Programs Accreditation Commission (TAPAC). The interior design program is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD). The landscape architecture program is accredited by the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA). FACULTY DIRECTOR • Peter Butler - M.L.A. (Iowa State) Landscape Architecture - Cultural landscape planning and interpretation, Community design processes, Design pedagogy PROFESSORS • Cindy Beacham - Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE DESIGN at Macomb Community College
    SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE DESIGN at Macomb Community College BASIC LANDSCAPE DESIGN CERTIFICATES IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN CERTIFICATE—(6 Classes) • Basic Landscape Design Landscape Design Graphics • Advanced Landscape Design Learn the principles of drafting and plan reading. Different design • Environmental Horticulture styles will be explored and practiced. Learn the required skills and receive state-of-the-art information Landscape Design Principles necessary to develop a solid foundation in the original “Green Explore how design principles and elements of art are applied to Industry.” The Sustainable Landscape Design Program encourages create a functional, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing outdoor professional standards, a strong work ethic, and sound management extension of indoor living. practices. Your classes will be taught by Rick Lazzell, a Certified Natural The Design & Sales Process Shoreline Professional with over 30 years of experience. Review marketing your services, initial client contact, client interview, design presentation, and portfolio development. If applicable, bring ENVIRONMENTAL HORTICULTURE your site evaluation rendering to the first session. CERTIFICATE—(7 Classes) Residential Landscape Planting Design Learn plant material composition and design characteristics. Basic Horticulture/How Plants Grow Review sustainable landscape design criteria, including selection, Discover how a plant grows, its relationship with the soil, its climate, cultural suitability, availability, costs, and maintenance. water and nutrient
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 the Development of Landscape Architecture
    Revisiting Riverside: A Frederick Law Olmsted Community Chapter 1 The Development of Landscape Architecture Landscape Architecture is a profession that involves human interaction with nature. It entails human impacts upon the land, such as the shaping of landform and the creation of parks, urban spaces, and gardens. Landscape architecture can also include the mitigation of human impacts upon nature. For example, landscape architects are often involved with the restoration of or preservation of areas for wildlife and for the continued success of natural processes (i.e. stormwater collection and purification, groundwater recharge, water quality, the survival of native plants and plant communities, etc.). Landscape architecture is often inspired by social needs. Olmsted’s work was a reaction to the uncleanly, overcrowded conditions of cities in the late nineteenth-century and the need for people to escape from these conditions and restore themselves in a natural setting. This same ethic inspires many of today’s landscape architects who seek to provide safe, inviting parks within cities and to develop housing that responds to the needs of the residents. This housing could be in the form of improved public housing, developed through dialog with residents and informed by the successes and failures of past public housing trends. Landscape Architect’s involvement with planning efforts range from complex and inspired plans such as Riverside in 1868 - 1869, Garden Cities (Radburn, NJ 1928), the Greenbelt town design of the 1930s, and today’s ecologically and culturally sensitive development models, to the typical, ubiquitous, suburban developments that have evolved since the early twentieth century. The scope of landscape architecture ranges from broad projects (town planning and large, national parks) to narrow (small parks, urban plazas, commercial centers and residences).
    [Show full text]
  • Remodel Repair Refresh Emodel Repair
    Remodel,Repair ,Refresh September 5-7 Remodel,Repair ,Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh RemodelRemodel RepairRepair Refresh Refresh 38th annual spring atlanta Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel ,Repair ,Refresh March 18-20, 2016 A SEMCO ShowRemodelSeptember 5-7 ,Repair ,Refresh HOMERemodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel ,Repair ,Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Make your home new Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh again. Everything for SHOW your home, inside & out is at the Spring Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh march 18-20, 2016 Atlanta Home Show,September 5-7 Cobb Galleria Centre, cobb galleria centre March 18-20, 2016. Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel ,Repair ,Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh HOME SHOW GUIDE Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Producers of quality efresh shows in Atlanta since 1959. R Spring Home Show Cover page.indd 1 2/15/16 8:26 AM 0316_031-043_Home Show.indd 31 2/23/16 11:06 AM SHS16-directorycover.indd 1 2/8/16 5:21 PM Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh Remodel Repair Refresh 38th Annual Spring Atlanta Home Show Guide Enhance your life with innovative home entertainment and home automation solutions Come visit us at Booth 1136 at the Spring Atlanta Home Show March 18-20, Cobb Galleria Centre Home Automation | Home Theaters | Whole House Audio & Video | Lighting & Climate Control Automated Blinds & Shades | Security & Surveillance | Home Networking HOME TECHNOLOGY THAT SIMPLIFIES YOUR LIFE Are you remodeling or updating your home or entertainment center? Atlanta Audio & Automation can help you select and implement the best automation and entertainment systems for your home and budget.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth by Design
    Report - June 2011 Growth by Design This report details the powerful economic impact of New York's architecture and design sectors. It shows that New York has far more designers than any other U.S. city, but concludes that far more could be done to harness the sector's growth potential. by David Giles This is an excerpt. Click here to read the full report (PDF). Facing the possibility that New York City’s financial services sector will never again reach the job levels of 2007, city economic development officials are moving aggressively to identify ways to grow and diversify the economy. Policymakers have embraced sectors from digital media and biotechnology to clean tech. But thus far little attention has been paid to a part of the economy that has experienced phenomenal growth over the past decade and for which New York holds a significant competitive advantage: design. Though fewer and fewer products are actually made in high-cost cities like New York, the Big Apple has cemented its status as one of the few global hubs for where things are designed. In 2009, the New York metro-region was home to 40,470 designers, which is far and away the largest pool of design talent in the country and among two or three of the largest in the world. In addition, no other American city has strengths in so many design fields—from architecture to fashion design, graphic design, interior design, furniture design and industrial design. Image not readable or empty /images/uploads/Growth_by_Design_-_Info.png The design sector has also been expanding at a rapid clip.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Landscape Design
    Home Landscape Design well-designed and functional home landscape can add to Ayour family’s joy and increase the value of your property. Modern landscapes are meant to be beautiful and useful. A well- Figure 1. Front landscape. Drawing by Richard Martin III. planned landscape provides your family with recreation, privacy, and pleasure. Conscientious homeowners know that the landscape should also have a positive environmental impact. Figures 1 and 2 depict the front and back yards of a Southern home. Throughout this publica - tion, each step of landscape design is illustrated using this sample landscape. If you want to jump ahead, the completed landscape plan is Figure 33 . This publication is designed for avid gardeners and gives simple, basic approaches to creating a visu - ally appealing, practical home landscape. If you are computer savvy, you may find it helpful to use a landscape design software program to help you through the process. By following the step-by-step process of landscape design, you can beautify your property, add to its value and bring it to life with your own personality and style. The best landscapes reflect the uniqueness of the family and the region. Whether you want to do it yourself or leave it to a professional, this publica - tion will help you understand the process that is involved in designing a landscape. Understanding the process will help you to ask the right questions when and if you consult a professional. Figure 2. Back landscape. Drawing by Richard Martin III. Professional Help Value of Landscaping The idea of designing a home landscape can intimidate An ideal home landscape design should have value in four even serious gardeners.
    [Show full text]
  • Potentials and Systems in Sustainable Landscape Design
    Potentials and Systems in Sustainable Landscape Design Erica Ko Editor Werner Lang Aurora McClain csd Center for Sustainable Development II-Strategies Site 2 2.2 Potentials and Systems in Sustainable Landscape Design Potentials and Systems in Sustainable Landscape Design Erica Ko Based on a presentation by Ilse Frank Figure 1: Five-acre retention pond and native prairie grasses filter and slowly release storm water run-off from adjacent residential development at Mueller Austin, serving an ecological function as well as an aesthetic amenity. Sustainable Landscape Design quickly as possible using heavy urban infra- structure. Today, we are more likely to take Landscape architecture will play an important advantage of the potential for reusing water role in structuring the cities of tomorrow by onsite for irrigation and gray water systems, for allowing landscape strategies to speak more providing habitat, and for slowing storm water closely to shifting cultural paradigms. A de- flows and allowing infiltration to groundwater signed landscape has the ability to illuminate systems—all of which can inspire new forms the interactions between a culture’s view of for integrating water into the built environ- its societal structure and its natural systems. ment. Water can be utilized in remarkable Landscape architecture employs many of the variety of ways–-as a physical boundary, an same design techniques as architecture, but is ecological habitat, or even a waste filtration unique in how it deals with time as a function system. A large-scale example of an outmoded of design (Figure 2), its materials palette, and approach is the Rio Bravo/Rio Grande, which how form is made.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Nature Into the Urban Landscape a Design Guide
    Integrating Nature into the Urban Landscape A Design Guide FEBRUARY 2018 Integrating Nature into the Urban Landscape 1 | INTRODUCTION 2 | ECOLOGICAL APPROACH 3 | GOALS AND PRIORITIES 4 | DESIGN PARAMETERS 5 | LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 6 | BIRD-SAFE DESIGN GUIDELINES 7 | PLANT PALETTES AND PHOTOS 8 | REFERENCES APPENDIX A | DESIGN CHECKLISTS Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following parties for their thoughtful feedback on the draft document: Google’s Ecology Team California Native Plant Society, Santa Clara Valley Chapter; Committee for Green Foothills; Living Classroom; Santa Clara Valley Audubon Society; Sierra Club Loma Prieta, Sustainable Land Use Committee; and Canopy. The funding sponsor for this document is Google, Inc. All photos were provided by H. T. Harvey & Associates staff. Native planting area in San Jose, CA Integrating Nature into the Urban Landscape: A Design Guide February 2018 | iv Introduction 1 2 In our increasingly developed world, wildlife substantial landscapes to manage are the primary habitat is being lost to development at an alarming intended users of this document. However, even 3 rate, putting native plant and wildlife populations small landscapes that prioritize habitat creation at risk and reducing overall ecosystem health. will provide benefits to wildlife, increasing habitat Who are these Incorporating wildlife habitat into urban and structure and resources (including shelter, nesting, Guidelines primarily for? 4 suburban systems can help counteract these forces, and foraging). Every landscape project – regardless Any person or organization sustaining native plant and wildlife populations of size – offers valuable opportunities to incorporate that manages or makes decisions while enhancing the human experience. More and habitat elements and add to the overall urban 5 about landscapes at a substantial more companies, educational institutions, public habitat matrix, maximizing benefits to wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Landscape Design
    Chapter 13 Ecological Landscape Design Filiz Çelik Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55760 “Choose only one master-Nature” Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) 1. Introduction The most critical changes in the world over the last century have been derived from the variety of environmental problems. Growing environmental problems now affect entire the world. The majority of environmental problems originates in human greed and interference. It is well known that planet Earth is experiencing a so-called environmental crisis (ecological crisis). This crisis is characterized by three major themes: Rapid growth of the human population and its associated economic activity, The depletion of both non-renewable and renewable resources, and Extensive and intensive damage caused to ecosystems and biodiversity. The environmental crisis is a predicament of inappropriate design-it is a consequence of how cities have been developed, industrialization undertaken, and ecoscapes used. Fundamentally, the problem has been one of inadequate integration of ecological concerns into planning (Shu-Yang et al., 2004). In many ways, the environmental crisis is a design crisis. It is clear that design has not been given a rich enough context. Design is a hinge that inevitably connects culture and nature through exchanges of materials, flow of energy, and choices of land use. The every world of buildings, artifacts, and domesticated landscape is a design world, one shaped by human (Van Der Ryn and Cowan, 1996). Some environmental problems have arisen from design problems. Design can have a crucial impact upon the environment in many different ways.
    [Show full text]