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IAEA SAFEGUARDS GLOSSARY 2001 Edition INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR VERIFICATION SERIES No IAEA SAFEGUARDS GLOSSARY 2001 Edition INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR VERIFICATION SERIES No. 3 IAEA SAFEGUARDS GLOSSARY 2001 Edition The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA PANAMA ALBANIA GREECE PARAGUAY ALGERIA GUATEMALA PERU ANGOLA HAITI PHILIPPINES ARGENTINA HOLY SEE POLAND ARMENIA HUNGARY PORTUGAL AUSTRALIA ICELAND QATAR AUSTRIA INDIA REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AZERBAIJAN INDONESIA ROMANIA BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELARUS IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA BELGIUM IRELAND SENEGAL BENIN ISRAEL SIERRA LEONE BOLIVIA ITALY SINGAPORE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAMAICA SLOVAKIA BOTSWANA JAPAN SLOVENIA BRAZIL JORDAN SOUTH AFRICA BULGARIA KAZAKHSTAN SPAIN BURKINA FASO KENYA SRI LANKA CAMBODIA KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SUDAN CAMEROON KUWAIT SWEDEN CANADA LATVIA SWITZERLAND CENTRAL AFRICAN LEBANON SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC REPUBLIC LIBERIA TAJIKISTAN CHILE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA THAILAND CHINA LIECHTENSTEIN THE FORMER YUGOSLAV COLOMBIA LITHUANIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA COSTA RICA LUXEMBOURG TUNISIA CÔTE D’IVOIRE MADAGASCAR TURKEY CROATIA MALAYSIA UGANDA CUBA MALI UKRAINE CYPRUS MALTA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES CZECH REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS UNITED KINGDOM OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS GREAT BRITAIN AND OF THE CONGO MEXICO NORTHERN IRELAND DENMARK MONACO UNITED REPUBLIC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONGOLIA OF TANZANIA ECUADOR MOROCCO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA EGYPT MYANMAR URUGUAY EL SALVADOR NAMIBIA UZBEKISTAN ESTONIA NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA ETHIOPIA NEW ZEALAND VIET NAM FINLAND NICARAGUA YEMEN FRANCE NIGER YUGOSLAVIA, GABON NIGERIA FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA NORWAY ZAMBIA GERMANY PAKISTAN ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. © IAEA, 2002 Permission to reproduce or translate the information contained in this publication may be obtained by writing to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Printed by the IAEA in Austria June 2002 IAEA/NVS/3/CD INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR VERIFICATION SERIES No. 3 IAEA SAFEGUARDS GLOSSARY 2001 Edition INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2002 VIC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data IAEA safeguards glossary. — 2001 ed. — Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2002. p. ; 24 cm. — (International nuclear verification series, ISSN 1020–6205 ; no. 3) IAEA/NVS/3/CD ISBN 92-0-138602-8 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Nuclear energy — Security measures — Terminology. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. VICL 02-02399 FOREWORD IAEA safeguards have evolved since their inception in the late 1960s. In 1980 the IAEA published the first IAEA Safeguards Glossary (IAEA/SG/INF/1) with the aim of facilitating understanding of the specialized safeguards terminology within the international community. In 1987 the IAEA published a revised edition of the Glossary (IAEA/SG/INF/1 (Rev.1)) which took into account developments in the safeguards area as well as comments received since the first edition appeared. Since 1987, IAEA safeguards have become more effective and efficient, mainly through the series of strengthening measures approved by the IAEA Board of Governors during 1992–1997, the Board’s approval, in 1997, of the Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement(s) between State(s) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards (issued as INFCIRC/540 (Corrected)), and the work, begun in 1999, directed towards the development and implementation of integrated safeguards. The IAEA Safeguards Glossary 2001 Edition reflects these developments. Each of the 13 sections of the Glossary addresses a specific subject related to IAEA safeguards. To facilitate understanding, definitions and, where applicable, explanations have been given for each of the terms listed. The terms defined and explained intentionally have not been arranged in alphabetical order, but their sequence within each section corresponds to the internal relationships of the subject treated. The terms are numbered consecutively within each section and an index referring to these numbers has been provided for ease of reference. The terms used have been translated into the official languages of the IAEA, as well as into German and Japanese. The IAEA Safeguards Glossary 2001 Edition has no legal status and is not intended to serve as a basis for adjudicating on problems of definition such as might arise during the negotiation or in the interpretation of safeguards agreements or additional protocols. The IAEA Safeguards Glossary 2001 Edition appears as a publication in the International Nuclear Verification Series. Other publications appearing in this series are as follows: IAEA/NVS/1 Safeguards Techniques and Equipment (1997) IAEA/NVS/2 The Evolution of IAEA Safeguards (1998). NOTE ON THE IAEA DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THE GLOSSARY [ST] Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 1956. [9] INFCIRC/9/Rev. 2. Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the IAEA, 1967. [39] GC(V)/INF/39. The Agency’s Inspectorate, 1961. [66] INFCIRC/66/Rev. 2. The Agency’s Safeguards System (1965, as Provisionally Extended in 1966 and 1968), 1968. [140] INFCIRC/140. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1970. [153] INFCIRC/153 (Corrected). The Structure and Content of Agreements between the Agency and States Required in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1972. [179] GOV/INF/179. The Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1967 (Tlatelolco Treaty). [207] INFCIRC/207. Notification to the Agency of Exports and Imports of Nuclear Material (USSR, UK, USA), 1974. [209] INFCIRC/209/Rev. 2. Communications of 15 November 1999 Received from Member States Regarding the Export of Nuclear Material and of Certain Categories of Equipment and Other Material, 2000. [225] INFCIRC/225/Rev. 4 (Corrected). The Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities, 1999. [254] INFCIRC/254/Rev. 4/Part 1. Communications Received from Certain Member States Regarding Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Material, Equipment and Technology, 2000; INFCIRC/254/Rev. 4/Part 2. Communications Received from Certain Member States Regarding Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use Equipment, Materials, Software and Related Technology, 2000. [267] INFCIRC/267. The Revised Guiding Principles and General Operating Rules to Govern the Provision of Technical Assistance by the Agency, 1979. [274] INFCIRC/274/Rev. 1. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, 1980. [322] INFCIRC/322. Communication Received from the Resident Representative of Italy on Behalf of the European Community, 1985. [331] INFCIRC/331/Add. 1. South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, 1987 (Rarotonga Treaty). [395] INFCIRC/395. Agreement between the Republic of Argentina and the Federative Republic of Brazil for the Exclusively Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, 1992 (Guadalajara Declaration). [411] INFCIRC/411. Amendments to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, 1993. [512] INFCIRC/512. The Text of the Cairo Declaration Adopted on the Occasion of the Signing of the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty, 1996 (Treaty of Pelindaba). [540] INFCIRC/540 (Corrected). Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement(s) between State(s) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards, 1997. [548] INFCIRC/548. Communication Received from the Permanent Mission of Thailand Regarding the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone, 1998 (Treaty of Bangkok). [549] INFCIRC/549. Communication Received from Certain Member States Concerning Their Policies Regarding the Management of Plutonium, 1998. [SCT] IAEA/SG/SCT/5. Statistical Concepts and Techniques for IAEA Safeguards, Fifth Edition, 1998. [STR-327] International Target Values 2000 for Measurement Uncertainties in Safeguarding Nuclear Material, 2000, Safeguards Technical Report. [IAEA/NVS/1] Safeguards Techniques and Equipment, 1997. [IAEA/NVS/2] The Evolution of IAEA Safeguards, 1998. CONTENTS 1. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS RELATED TO IAEA SAFEGUARDS 1 2. IAEA SAFEGUARDS: PURPOSE, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 11 3. SAFEGUARDS APPROACHES, CONCEPTS AND MEASURES 16 4. NUCLEAR AND NON-NUCLEAR MATERIAL 25 5. NUCLEAR AND NUCLEAR RELATED ACTIVITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 31 6. NUCLEAR MATERIAL ACCOUNTANCY 37 7. NUCLEAR MATERIAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT 48 8. CONTAINMENT, SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING 54 9. ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING 59 10. STATISTICAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES FOR NUCLEAR MATERIAL VERIFICATION 62 11. VISITS, INSPECTIONS AND COMPLEMENTARY ACCESS 69 12. SAFEGUARDS INFORMATION AND EVALUATION 76 13. REPORTING ON SAFEGUARDS IMPLEMENTATION 82 TRANSLATIONS OF TERMS 85 INDEX 173 1. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS RELATED TO IAEA SAFEGUARDS Safeguards applied by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are an important element of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime. This section provides information on legal instruments and other documents in the area of nuclear non-proliferation that establish the bases of the IAEA safeguards system or are otherwise closely linked to the application of IAEA safeguards.
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