Whistling Response behaviour and whistle sounds 2 3

I am highly interested in the communication we have and the attention we give to one another. A simple sound or a short message can show appreciation an can create a big smile. The simplicity of letting someone know that you have seen that person can mean more than a thousend words. To work with this idea I have looked into whistling, a sound so simple that it can be the starter of a conversation.

Whistle tones have been around for ages. Whistling is a part of our communication. We warn each other and our phones warn us with whistle tones. In music it is widely used to create familiar tones. But also languages, sportsgames and parties benefit from the sound of a whistle.

Hereby I take you into the world I have explored. The titles will give you a direction, the texts provide information and images are for extra inspiration. Look at the shapes! 4 5

WHAT TO EXPECT

06 SHAPE pipes

18 LANGUAGE cheering distance do it yourself

30 WHISTLE poetry seduction attract

46 NAVIGATION listening managing notations Whistling response maker Nina Pennock year 2015 56 THE MAKING OFF 6 7

SHAPE PIPES, , MOUTHPIECES SHAPE - pipes 8 9 SHAPE - pipes SHAPE - the use of pipes 10 11 SHAPE - pipes inside 12 13 SHAPE - trumpet

A possibility is that the universe shaped like a “Picard topology”— a funnel with a neck that’s infinitely long (but with a finite volume), and a flared end, like a trumpet. While this model, like the others, can explain certain patterns seen by our space probes, it doesn’t fit with the cosmological principle, which presumes that the universe is pretty homogeneous on a large scale. SHAPE - trumpet 14 15 SHAPE - mouthpiiece 16 17 SHAPE - mouthpiiece 19 LANGUAGE - CHEERING

Ululation is a long, wavering, The is a plastic , high-pitched vocal sound about 65 centimetres (2 ft) long, resembling a howl with a which produces a loud monotone LANGUAGE trilling quality. It is produced note, typically around B3. Some by emitting a high pitched loud models are made in two parts to voice accompanied with a rapid facilitate storage, and this design CHEERING, movement of the tongue and the also allows pitch variation. Many uvula.1 The term ululation is an types of vuvuzela, may produce onomatopoeic word derived from various intensity and frequency DISTANCES, Latin. It is produced by moving the outputs. The intensity of these tongue, rapidly, back and forth outputs depends on the blowing repetitively in the mouth while technique and pressure exerted. DO IT YOURSELF producing a sharp sound. Ululation is practiced in certain styles of Traditionally made from a kudu singing, as well as in communal horn, the vuvuzela was used ritual events, used to express strong to summon distant villagers to emotion. In Arab countries ululation attend community gatherings. The is commonly used to express vuvuzela is most used at football celebration, especially at weddings. matches in , and it has become a symbol of South African football as the stadiums are filled with its sound. The intensity of the sound caught the attention of the global football community during the 2009 in anticipation of South 1 Pendle, Karin (2001). Women & music: a history. Africa hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup. 21 LANGUAGE - long distance

Silbo Gomero survival before was due to its role in (Spanish: silbo gomero, ‘Gomeran overcoming distance and terrain, in whistle’), also known as el silbo addition to the ease with which it is (‘the whistle’), is a whistled register learned by native speakers. of Spanish used by inhabitants of La Gomera in the Canary Islands Most significantly, in the period to communicate across the from the 1960s to 1980s, many deep ravines and narrow valleys people had turned away from the (gullies) that radiate through agriculture industry, hence many the island. It enables messages middle class families did not want to be exchanged over a distance their children to speak the language of up to 5 kilometres.1 Due to this loud nature, Silbo Gomero is as it was negatively associated with generally used in circumstances of the rural peasants. public communication. Messages In the late 1990s, language conveyed could range from being revitalization efforts began an event invitation to being public and initiatives from within the information advisories.2 A speaker community started. By 1999, the of Silbo Gomero is sometimes revitalization of Silbo Gomero was referred to in Spanish as a silbador furthered by education policies and (‘whistler’). Silbo Gomero is a other legislative measures. It now transposition of Spanish from has official protection as an example speech to whistling. This oral of intangible cultural heritage. phoneme-whistled phoneme substitution emulates Spanish See www.tinyurl.com/silbo for a sample of phonology through a reduced set of this language in action. whistled phonemes.3 It was declared as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2009. 1 Busnel, R.G.; Classe, A. (1976). “Whistled Technological developments such Languages” 2 Racoma, Bernadine (2014). “Silbo Gomero: The as the telephones did play a part in Whistled Language” reducing the practicality and usage 3 Trujillo, R. (1990). “The Gomeran Whistle: of the language. The language’s Linguistic Analysis (English translation: J.Brent)”. LANGUAGE - action 22 23 LANGUAGE - reaction 24 25 LANGUAGE - distance amplify

With Edison’s megaphone, a low Besides their practical implications, whisper could be heard a thousand public address systems, including feet away, while a normal tone of megaphones, also had a social voice could be heard roughly two impact. Public address systems miles away. On the listening end, the helped promote women’s receiver could hear a low whisper at participation in society. In events a thousand feet away. However the like the Democratic Conventions of apparatus was much too large to 1920, when electronic public address be portable, limiting its use. George systems were first becoming Prescott wrote: “The principal popularized, women used these drawback at present is the large size amplifying technologies during roll of the apparatus.”1 call of participants.2 Later, portable electric megaphones extended this Portable megaphones are widely equalizing influence to outdoor used for crowd management events. and mass communication. When needing to transmit important 1 Prescott, George B. Bell’s Electric Speaking Telephone: Its Invention, Construction, Application, information or to guide a large Modification, and History. New York: D. Appleton amount of people, an electric &, 1884. megaphone is valuable if other 2 Kramarae, Cheris. Technology and Women’s Voices: Keeping in Touch. New York: Routledge & systems are not present. Kegan Paul, 1988. LANGUAGE - long distance 26 27 LANGUAGE - do it yourself

Tubeu is a giant analog megaphone Not only to amplify the voice of the measuring 3×6 m, which was created populations – its main purpose is a as a symbol on the Shipyard of the digital transmission of all recorded Gdańsk. Where the Polish revolution sounds to the Internet. began in the ’80, still can ring the Tubeu can manifest belief, freedom of speech. counteract apathy, anger scream, to be heard, sing for pleasure, best Devebre ran a workshop called wishes I share it all with literally all Propaganda in Okolice Instytutu over the world! Sztuki Wyspa as part of OSSA Gdańsk 2013. WHISTLE - facial expression 28 29 WHISTLE - facial expression 30 31 WHISTLE - poetry

first communication with Eve was not to offer her an apple or to WHISTLE compliment her on her fig leaf but rather to give out a long low wolf POETRY, whistle. There are some characteristics Nor would it surprise me if Romeo had mentally put his lips together common to every man. Whether and blown when he first saw Juliet SEDUCTION, a bloke is from Manchester or or if Brad Pitt had emitted the two- Macau it is safe to say that he will tone sound when he came across prefer beer to Babycham, know that Angelina Jolie. ATTRACT Ferraris are red and fancy Pippa Middleton.

Furthermore he will have at one time or another owned a penknife, kicked a football and tried to wolf whistle.

In fact wolf whistling is as common to the male of the species as shaving and a working knowledge of the offside rule. It is more than likely that Adam’s WHISTLE - seduction 32 33 WHISTLE - seduction

Snake charming is the practice playing a flute-like instrument made of pretending to hypnotise a snake from a gourd, known as a been or by playing an instrument. A typical pungi. As if drawn by the tune, a performance may also include snake eventually emerges from the handling the snakes or performing container. other seemingly dangerous acts, like juggling and sleight of hand.

Once the performer finds a satisfactory location to set up, he sets his pots and baskets about him and sits cross-legged on the ground in front of a closed pot or basket. He removes the lid, then begins LEARNING FROM BIRDS 34 35 POSTURE - seduction WHISTLE - attract 36 37 WHISTLE - attract WHISTLE - attract 38 39 WHISTLE - attract 40 41 WHISTLE - attract WHISTLE - attract 42 43 CALCULATE - sound

Calculations for the right length of panflute reeds to equal the right tones from Richard Wagners’ Wedding March WHISTLE - good morning 44 45 46 47 NAVIGATION - listening

NAV IGATION LISTENING, MANAGING, NOTATIONS NAVIGATION - listening 48 49 NAVIGATION - listening

Air Acoustics. From the first the sound signals at the same time. world war until the 30’s air acoustics To increase the change of the time played an important role in the air difference in sound reception the defence. Air vehicles carrying a elements of each pair were placed weapon could not be located from at large mutual distance. the ground e.g. at night time or under cloudy conditions. As radar 1939 issued in Sience Newsletter: was still to be discovered, vision had to be supplemented by hearing “The picturesque triple or using the sound of the engines. quadruple sets of horns, looking like gigantic versions of old- At least a dozen different acoustic fashioned ear trumpets, that are location equipment’s for aeroplanes used by listeners for airplanes, are from different countries were in only artificial external ears that the 1920’s available on the military can be cocked in the direction market. They served as said as of suspected approach, just as a supplement to visual means rabbit or a donkey can tun his ears. preceding the use of artillery. Only they are more nearly perfect, These equipments contained mechanically, than any animal ear, most times four sound pick-up because they were made to order elements such as curved shells or along mathematically calculated horns used in pairs. Two elements lines, not slowly evolved out of at a fixed mutual distance were folds of flesh. adjusted in the horizontal plane During the World War, many blind for the determination of the chart men, with ears trained to special angle and the remaining two in the acuteness in compensation for loss vertical plane for the measurement of sight, volunteered for this service of elevation. in Britain, and it is likely that such sightless soldiers are again helping The transport of sound from each their companions to locate enemies element of a pair to a corresponding in the dark.” pair of human ears was carried out by means of metal or rubber tubes. right: Listening equipment “Waalsdorp”, Each pair is adjusted in the correct front side and listening operator direction when the two ears receive former page: Listening equipment with receiving shells (Czechoslovakia) NAVIGATION - managing 50 51 NAVIGATION - managing

A foghorn is a fog signal that uses sound to warn vehicles of navigational hazards, or boats of the presence of other vessels, in foggy conditions. The term is most often used in relation to marine transport. When visual navigation aids such as lighthouses are obscured, foghorns provide an audible warning of rock outcrops, shoals, headlands, or other dangers to shipping.

All foghorns use a vibrating column of air to create an audible tone, A herding dog, also known as but the method of setting up this a stock dog or working dog, is a vibration differs. Some horns, like type of pastoral dog that either has the Daboll trumpet, used vibrating been trained in herding or belongs plates or metal reeds, a similar to breeds developed for herding. principle to a modern electric Their ability to be trained to act on car horn. Others used air forced the sound of a whistle or word of through holes in a revolving cylinder command is renowned throughout or disk, in the same manner as a the world. Collies are recommended These are not the only commands siren. Semi-automatic operation of as herding dogs. used: there are many variations. foghorns was achieved by using a When whistles are used, each clockwork mechanism (or “coder”) Commands may be indicated by a dog usually has a different set of to sequentially open the valves hand movement, whistle or voice. commands to avoid confusion when admitting air to the horns; each There are many other commands more than one dog is being worked horn was given its own timing that are also used when working at one time. characteristics to help mariners stock and in general use away from identify them.1 stock. Herding dog commands are generally taught using livestock as the modus operandi. Urban owners without access to livestock are able

1 Fox, F. Siren, Point of Ayre Lighthouse, to teach basic commands through accessed 08-09-2008 herding games. NAVIGATION - zen 52 53 NAVIGATION - together

The largest tin whistle ensemble was achieved by 1,015 participants at an event organised by Scoil Acla (Ireland) in Keel, Achill Island, Ireland, on 31 July 2010. Participants performed the song “The Dawning of the Day.”

Scoil Acla were formally credited with having the largest ensemble of tin whistle players playing the same tune in one place. The event of this type had never been attempted. The organisers were hoping for over 1,000 to be involved. The Guinness World Records notified Scoil Acla that they had set a new world record with 1,015 participants officially taking part, and all playing ‘Fáinne Geal an Lae’ which means Dawning the Day. The committee of the Scoil Acla World Record Attempt were delighted to have the attempt officially recognised. A committee member spokesperson said: “We are delighted with the notification that 1,015 people were involved even if close to 2,000 people were on the beach. It does not guarantee entry into the next edition of the Guinness Book of Records but we are hopeful it will. As an official record we can now use the official logo and trademark and let everyone know what we achieved.” See http://tinyurl.com/tinensemble for a sample of this language in action. MUSIC NOTATIONS 54 55 SCHEMATIC DRAWING 56 57

THE MAKING OFF MAKING - vegetables 58 59 MAKING - vegetables

The Vegetable Orchestra was founded in 1998. Based in Vienna, the Vegetable Orchestra plays concerts in all over the world.

Worldwide one of a kind, the Vegetable Orchestra performs on instruments made of fresh vegetables. The utilization of various ever refined vegetable instruments creates a musically and aesthetically unique sound universe.

All the instruments used are exclusively made from vegetables: from fresh as well as dried plant material such as carrot, leek, artichoke, pumpkin and onion skin. All these components are used for building organic instruments and sound generators which usually only last for one concert or one day in the studio.

The sounds produced by the vegetable instruments are amazingly multi-layered: a heterogeneous multitude of acoustic gems and strange, unfamiliar sounds whose organic origin is not always immediately recognizable.

Do it yourself: http://tinyurl.com/vegetablemusic MAKING OFF 60 61 REIJGERS EN SCHALLIES

reijgers en schallies The The lady on the poster has been Amsterdam company that is there since July 2013, the guys liked solumly forcing metals in all kind her so much that they decided to of shapes. This family company is leave her on that spot. already 60 years old. The two guys in the picuteres both have been Passionate craftsman is what you working here since 1993, growing could call them. They know how to up as craftsman doing all the work handle any metal and turn it from by hand. Now machines are taking plates and rods into shapes and over but the unusual shapes are still product parts. made by hand.

The favorite shape to make are the two big cones, as seen on the picture on the left page, that are being used for a silo. The cones are made from a centimeter thick steel. MAKING 62 63 MAKE - analyzing 64 65

Vogelfluitje (Woubrugge, ca. 1600, 6,0 x 5,5 cm) Vogelfluitje (Chineze massproduction, 2014, 5 x 5 cm) MAKING OFF - music 66 67

Don Cheadle says he began to play the trumpet 3 years ago as preparation for starring in and the loudest whistle without an directing the Miles Davis biopic “Kill instrument is 125.0 dB(A), 125 dB is the Trumpet Player.” He found the louder than an ambulance. This was trumpet to be unforgiving. “It’s achieved by Marco Ferrera (USA) on a mean instrument,” he mused 5 March 2004 and equalled by Luca Thursday night in Santa Monica. Zocchi (Italy) on 7 July 2014. “It’s a relief that my playing won’t be used in the film.”

The subcontrabass saxophone is a type of saxophone that Adolphe Sax patented and planned to build but never constructed. Sax called this imagined instrument saxo- phone bourdon (named after the lowest stop on the pipe organ). It is a transposing instrument pitched in B3, one octave below the bass sax- ophone and two octaves below the tenor saxophone. In July 2013, J’Elle Stainer of completed building a 2.8-meter (9-foot-2-inch) full-size subcontrabass saxophone.

Japanese Komuso Buddhist monks playing shakuhachi as meditation Image references: 42 Nina Pennock 43 screenshot Hans Bracker Whistles & 2 Javier Perez Instrument 4 Pages from The Book of Symbols- Taschen 44-5 Fort Jackson 1941 7 Mrs Curly&the Norwegian Pipe - L. Pollak 47-9 Museum Waalsdorp 8 Cottage Chimneys - photoeverywhere 50 webshop twenga orgelpijpen 51 omgevingsgeluiden - Doggo.nl Margaret River - Johan Rentmeesters Scheidsrechter Banti - ANP 9 “Aeolus” (2012) - Luke Jerram 52 SSF - Musical instruments--Flutes [P&P] Sound Sculpture - Byoungho Ki 53 Conor McKeown boomblokfluit - Ella Siekman 54 My heart - Martin Dardis Panflute - Don Johnson Bigband Barney Childs’s Variations 10 Bussum - 10/1/1956 - unknown 55 Miko Hirsch 11 http://dorpskerkvierpolders.nl/Het_Orgel.htm Deutsche Gesellschaft für Eisenbahngeschichte 12 Идеи для дачи 57 www.asahi-net.or.jp/~dl1s-ymgc/tsukur-e.htm 14 Nina Pennock 58-9 The Vegetable Orchestra - Alexander Koll 16 the-clarinets.net Lindsey Pollak 17 info.nu 2010 - 2015 - Drem 60-1 Nina Pennock 19 Morocco 02/2015 - Bob Ramsak 62 Tomoki Momozono Expeditie 1970 - Johan Theodorus Broekhuijse 63 Koos Roggeveld and myself 20 Patrimonio Inmaterial de la Humanidad 64 Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 22 Velocia Tea Time 65 Kitch Kitchen 23 Basset Hound running - unknown rights 66 Metro.co.uk - Matt Payton Rob and Julia Campbell Don Cheadle 24 Rino Pizzi subcontrabass - J’Elle Stainer 25 Roeptoeters - Peter Stel 67 Unknown 26 Letnia OSSA Gdansk 2013 - Robert Lasota cover Mondadori 1950 27 Illustrations by Ted Slampyak 28 glimlachschool - Boedapest 1930 - geheugen Texts references: van Nederland 0 All handwritten parts are from Nina Pennock 29 Jantine de Waard 3 Nina Pennock unknown rights 13 World Science Festival Staff Wasting Time with Sean Bennion 19 wikipedia on ululation and vuvuzela Barack Obama 21 see notes on the page Michaela Rehle 25 wikipedia on megaphones John Lennon - solo album cover 26 zipizip 31 Dizzy Gillespie 31-2 Sunday Express - Adam Edwards Vulci, Italy, c. 520-510 BC- Epictetus 33 Snakes and charmers The Friday Times - poem - Hans Hagen Amtul Jamil 32 Breda en alles daaromheen 37 Cornell University www.villakabaal.nl/kinderen/ 41 wikipedia on Pan (God) 33 Jaipur India - Joao Eduardo Figueiredo 48 Museum Waalsdorp 34 Sandhill Crane Mating Dance - Ron Reznik 50 Fox F. Siren, Point of Ayre lighthouse - 2008 35 horn/ 51 wikipedia on Herding dog Monty Python’s Flying Circus 53 Scoil Acla - The Mayo News - Anton McNulty 36 bird whistles to call specific Australian birds, ca 59 Vegetable Orchestra 1960 NSW - Henry Grace 61 Nina Pennock 38 Jéssica Vieira 66 Guiness World Records 39 Old Faithful Shop Variety - Dave McNary 40 100BC Naples MArcheo -Heliodorus wikipedia on Subcontrabass Saxophone