Whistling Response behaviour and whistle sounds 2 3 I am highly interested in the communication we have and the attention we give to one another. A simple sound or a short message can show appreciation an can create a big smile. The simplicity of letting someone know that you have seen that person can mean more than a thousend words. To work with this idea I have looked into whistling, a sound so simple that it can be the starter of a conversation. Whistle tones have been around for ages. Whistling is a part of our communication. We warn each other and our phones warn us with whistle tones. In music it is widely used to create familiar tones. But also languages, sportsgames and parties benefit from the sound of a whistle. Hereby I take you into the world I have explored. The titles will give you a direction, the texts provide information and images are for extra inspiration. Look at the shapes! 4 5 WHAT TO EXPECT 06 SHAPE pipes trumpets mouthpiece 18 LANGUAGE cheering distance do it yourself 30 WHISTLE poetry seduction attract 46 NAVIGATION listening managing notations Whistling response maker Nina Pennock year 2015 56 THE MAKING OFF 6 7 SHAPE PIPES, TRUMPET, MOUTHPIECES SHAPE - pipes 8 9 SHAPE - pipes SHAPE - the use of pipes 10 11 SHAPE - pipes inside 12 13 SHAPE - trumpet A possibility is that the universe shaped like a “Picard topology”— a funnel with a neck that’s infinitely long (but with a finite volume), and a flared end, like a trumpet. While this model, like the others, can explain certain patterns seen by our space probes, it doesn’t fit with the cosmological principle, which presumes that the universe is pretty homogeneous on a large scale. SHAPE - trumpet 14 15 SHAPE - mouthpiiece 16 17 SHAPE - mouthpiiece 19 LANGUAGE - CHEERING Ululation is a long, wavering, The Vuvuzela is a plastic horn, high-pitched vocal sound about 65 centimetres (2 ft) long, resembling a howl with a which produces a loud monotone LANGUAGE trilling quality. It is produced note, typically around B3. Some by emitting a high pitched loud models are made in two parts to voice accompanied with a rapid facilitate storage, and this design CHEERING, movement of the tongue and the also allows pitch variation. Many uvula.1 The term ululation is an types of vuvuzela, may produce onomatopoeic word derived from various intensity and frequency DISTANCES, Latin. It is produced by moving the outputs. The intensity of these tongue, rapidly, back and forth outputs depends on the blowing repetitively in the mouth while technique and pressure exerted. DO IT YOURSELF producing a sharp sound. Ululation is practiced in certain styles of Traditionally made from a kudu singing, as well as in communal horn, the vuvuzela was used ritual events, used to express strong to summon distant villagers to emotion. In Arab countries ululation attend community gatherings. The is commonly used to express vuvuzela is most used at football celebration, especially at weddings. matches in South Africa, and it has become a symbol of South African football as the stadiums are filled with its sound. The intensity of the sound caught the attention of the global football community during the 2009 in anticipation of South 1 Pendle, Karin (2001). Women & music: a history. Africa hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup. 21 LANGUAGE - long distance Silbo Gomero survival before was due to its role in (Spanish: silbo gomero, ‘Gomeran overcoming distance and terrain, in whistle’), also known as el silbo addition to the ease with which it is (‘the whistle’), is a whistled register learned by native speakers. of Spanish used by inhabitants of La Gomera in the Canary Islands Most significantly, in the period to communicate across the from the 1960s to 1980s, many deep ravines and narrow valleys people had turned away from the (gullies) that radiate through agriculture industry, hence many the island. It enables messages middle class families did not want to be exchanged over a distance their children to speak the language of up to 5 kilometres.1 Due to this loud nature, Silbo Gomero is as it was negatively associated with generally used in circumstances of the rural peasants. public communication. Messages In the late 1990s, language conveyed could range from being revitalization efforts began an event invitation to being public and initiatives from within the information advisories.2 A speaker community started. By 1999, the of Silbo Gomero is sometimes revitalization of Silbo Gomero was referred to in Spanish as a silbador furthered by education policies and (‘whistler’). Silbo Gomero is a other legislative measures. It now transposition of Spanish from has official protection as an example speech to whistling. This oral of intangible cultural heritage. phoneme-whistled phoneme substitution emulates Spanish See www.tinyurl.com/silbo for a sample of phonology through a reduced set of this language in action. whistled phonemes.3 It was declared as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2009. 1 Busnel, R.G.; Classe, A. (1976). “Whistled Technological developments such Languages” 2 Racoma, Bernadine (2014). “Silbo Gomero: The as the telephones did play a part in Whistled Language” reducing the practicality and usage 3 Trujillo, R. (1990). “The Gomeran Whistle: of the language. The language’s Linguistic Analysis (English translation: J.Brent)”. LANGUAGE - action 22 23 LANGUAGE - reaction 24 25 LANGUAGE - distance amplify With Edison’s megaphone, a low Besides their practical implications, whisper could be heard a thousand public address systems, including feet away, while a normal tone of megaphones, also had a social voice could be heard roughly two impact. Public address systems miles away. On the listening end, the helped promote women’s receiver could hear a low whisper at participation in society. In events a thousand feet away. However the like the Democratic Conventions of apparatus was much too large to 1920, when electronic public address be portable, limiting its use. George systems were first becoming Prescott wrote: “The principal popularized, women used these drawback at present is the large size amplifying technologies during roll of the apparatus.”1 call of participants.2 Later, portable electric megaphones extended this Portable megaphones are widely equalizing influence to outdoor used for crowd management events. and mass communication. When needing to transmit important 1 Prescott, George B. Bell’s Electric Speaking Telephone: Its Invention, Construction, Application, information or to guide a large Modification, and History. New York: D. Appleton amount of people, an electric &, 1884. megaphone is valuable if other 2 Kramarae, Cheris. Technology and Women’s Voices: Keeping in Touch. New York: Routledge & systems are not present. Kegan Paul, 1988. LANGUAGE - long distance 26 27 LANGUAGE - do it yourself Tubeu is a giant analog megaphone Not only to amplify the voice of the measuring 3×6 m, which was created populations – its main purpose is a as a symbol on the Shipyard of the digital transmission of all recorded Gdańsk. Where the Polish revolution sounds to the Internet. began in the ’80, still can ring the Tubeu can manifest belief, freedom of speech. counteract apathy, anger scream, to be heard, sing for pleasure, best Devebre ran a workshop called wishes I share it all with literally all Propaganda in Okolice Instytutu over the world! Sztuki Wyspa as part of OSSA Gdańsk 2013. WHISTLE - facial expression 28 29 WHISTLE - facial expression 30 31 WHISTLE - poetry first communication with Eve was not to offer her an apple or to WHISTLE compliment her on her fig leaf but rather to give out a long low wolf POETRY, whistle. There are some characteristics Nor would it surprise me if Romeo had mentally put his lips together common to every man. Whether and blown when he first saw Juliet SEDUCTION, a bloke is from Manchester or or if Brad Pitt had emitted the two- Macau it is safe to say that he will tone sound when he came across prefer beer to Babycham, know that Angelina Jolie. ATTRACT Ferraris are red and fancy Pippa Middleton. Furthermore he will have at one time or another owned a penknife, kicked a football and tried to wolf whistle. In fact wolf whistling is as common to the male of the species as shaving and a working knowledge of the offside rule. It is more than likely that Adam’s WHISTLE - seduction 32 33 WHISTLE - seduction Snake charming is the practice playing a flute-like instrument made of pretending to hypnotise a snake from a gourd, known as a been or by playing an instrument. A typical pungi. As if drawn by the tune, a performance may also include snake eventually emerges from the handling the snakes or performing container. other seemingly dangerous acts, like juggling and sleight of hand. Once the performer finds a satisfactory location to set up, he sets his pots and baskets about him and sits cross-legged on the ground in front of a closed pot or basket. He removes the lid, then begins LEARNING FROM BIRDS 34 35 POSTURE - seduction WHISTLE - attract 36 37 WHISTLE - attract WHISTLE - attract 38 39 WHISTLE - attract 40 41 WHISTLE - attract WHISTLE - attract 42 43 CALCULATE - sound Calculations for the right length of panflute reeds to equal the right tones from Richard Wagners’ Wedding March WHISTLE - good morning 44 45 46 47 NAVIGATION - listening NAV IGATION LISTENING, MANAGING, NOTATIONS NAVIGATION - listening 48 49 NAVIGATION - listening Air Acoustics. From the first the sound signals at the same time. world war until the 30’s air acoustics To increase the change of the time played an important role in the air difference in sound reception the defence.