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Poor Are Poorer, Rich Are Richer ff QHl'!GH - Different Culture Warrants Different Approach Too Soon To Call Welfare Reform Hill Lecturer Hopes 'Dilemmas' of A Success, Wilson Warns Opportunity Seen AIDS in Africa Will Spur Renaissance By Rich McManus Amid African AIDS By Carla Garnett When Harvard sociologist Dr. William Julius Tragedy Wilson came to Masur Auditorium to give n many crucial ways, AIDS in Africa is different than AIDS in the N.IH Director's Lecture on May 16, he NIH Breeds the United States. So said Dr. Malegapuru William Makgoba, was unsparing in his portrayal of how badly Inspired Teachers Ipresident of the Medical Research those earning the lowest wages have fared Council of South Africa, who delivered during the past quarter century. With the second annual James C. Hill reauthorization by Congress of the w elfare Anyone Remember Memorial Lecture, "The HIV/AIDS reform bill that was enacted In 1996 coming Westwood? Pandemic: An African Dilemma" on up soon, he warned of pitfalls in interpret­ May 15. The differences, he con­ ing the so-called Nsuccessn of reform. But tended, present a number of problems he was not so stern that he could not joke. unique to the continent and require Challenged by an audience member to different approaches to prevention and delineate what exactly the people at NIH treatment of the disease. could do to influence meaningful reform, "I particularly chose the word Wilson quipped, uAction7 At NIH? I dilemma," Makgoba began, "because it thought you were a science agency," brings a sense of risk, a sense of reality, Grantees Are GM a sense of uncertainty, a sense of Cancer Laureates Dr. Malegapuru William intrigue and a sense of excitement and Makgoba of South Africa challenge-all of which characterize the gives the Hill Lecture. endeavor of scientific research." New Way To Get The picture he then painted of HIV/AIDS in Africa is far worse Office Supplies SEE HILL LECTURE. PAGE 6 Life After the Lab Ex-Postdocs Thrive on Switch to Teaching CIT Offers Summer Curriculum By Rich McManus t might be a good thing that Lipsett Amphitheater was not that Icrowded for a talk given May 11 by two ex-NIH postdocs who have gone on to new careers in teaching; after all, they seemed more engaged, more vitalized, a tad more riddled with life than perhaps the average young NIH scientist, especially the belea­ Harvard's Dr. William Julius Wilson guered postdoc caricatured in those NIH Catalyst cartoons drawn accepts commemorative plaque from by Dent. NIH acting director Dr. Ruth Kirschstein. The Dent guy is hollow-eyed, doubt-ridden and despairing of his Drollery was in short supply, though, for U.S. Department career choice. Drs. Susan Gagnon and Christine Hrycyna-the most of his talk. Using data drawn from of Health and speakers at "Scientific Careers in the New Millennium-Teaching," the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Human Services a seminar for fellows given by the Office of Education, ORWH from his own research, Wilson painted a :\!ational Institutes and the fellows committee-were the anti-Dent: enthusiastic, grim picture of the country's poorest of I kalrh warm, funny and delighted with the outcome of nervy forays citizens losing ground-despite an overall outside the gilded cage of NIH science careers. economic boom-while the wealthiest June 26, 2001 While Hrycyna opted to teach at the university level-she is just SEE WILSON, PAGE B Vol. Llll, No. 13 SEE TEACHERS, PAGE 4 CIT Training Program Summer Term Begins he CIT Training Program announces the start of desktop support people can benefit from How to Tits summer term of computer classes for NIH Install and Configure VirusScan 4.5.1. Whether you employees. Many popular courses are returning and need to install this software on many machines at there will be a number of exciting new offerings. NIH, or you simply want to protect your home Look for the full class list and course registration at computer, this class will offer step-by-step instruc­ http://training.cit.nih.gov/. Tae Kwon Do tions on installation and tips for proper configura­ Among the additions are two new Oracle classes in tion in a variety of settings. Beginner's early July. Uben Sandin from NIGMS will teach a you have expertise in an area you think would Class If course titled Oracle Forms. If you are already make an interesting training course, feel free to call The NIH Tae Kwon familiar with SQL, you may benefit from Oracle CIT; the center will work to offer the support you Do Club is offering SQL Plus. In this class, Djamel Medjahed of NCI need to make the experience a rewarding one. a beginner's class will teach participants to manipulate SQL com­ As always, classes are available free of charge to for adults and mands and perform other tasks with Oracle. These NIH employees and other users of NIH computing mature teens new courses are complemented by several estab­ facilities. To obtain full course information or to starting July 9. lished database courses, including Relational register for classes, visit http://training.cit.nih.gov/. The class will meet Database Overview and Using SQL to Retrieve DB2 Feel free to call CIT at 594-6248 (GOCIT) if you in the Malone and Oracle Data. wish to discuss course registration, teaching a class Center (Bldg. 31C, Some new Internet offerings should interest those or other training issues. Ill B4 level, next to who develop or maintain a web presence at NIH. If the NIH Fitness you need a fast and easy way to create web pages, A year after he was named acting director of the Center) from 6 to 8 Joy Pinkney of CSR will be offering a class on Environmental Toxicology Program, NIEHS's Dr. p.m. on Mondays FrontPage 2000. For veteran web page developers Christopher Portier (I) and Wednesdays, with HTML skills who want to integrate a database has been chosen to head with a web presence, Curt VooAnken of NCI will and will continue the program on a teach ColdFusion Fundamentals. for about 2 months permanent basis. "I Web developers in the government should be until participants think he's very knowl­ can be integrated particularly interested in two classes coming up that into the regular deal with implementing Section 508 regulations for edgeable and he has done club training. making web sites accessible to persons with disabili­ a good job for us," said DuesS40 (3 ties. Section 508 and Web Accessibility: Introduc­ NIEHS director D1: months), $30 tion will go over the new standards and their Kenneth Olden. "I think uniform. Inter­ implications for both technical and non·technical it's exciting, and I am ested persons are people, while the Technical Implementation class optimistic.,, Meanwhile, welcome to watch will look at specific problems and solutions for Dr. John Pritchard regular training webmasters at NIH. (below) will fill the newly created slot ofassociat e Genome Analysis via the Web, taught by Dr. Peter sessions. For director for research and will coordinate research information call FitzGerald, brings another new offering that can help you take full advantage of the tools available efforts between the intramural and extramural Andrew Schwartz, branches and the 402-5197 or visit on the web in conducting your research. National Toxicology the club web site Anyone involved with networking computers at Program. As ETP at http:// NIH could benefit from Multilayered Switched www.recgov.org/ Networks. This class will offer cutting edge infor­ director, Portier is also r&w/nihtae mation on how to set up, configure and maintain associate director of kwondo.html, this type of system. NTP; Olden is the One new class that is particularly relevant for director. Olden said current users of the OS/390 South System is Titan the addition of Transition - What's My Keyword. In this class, Pritchard will lighten Charlotte Griffin will take you through specifics of some ofthe load for the transition with an emphasis on the use of RACF Portier and will allow in the new system. Finally, for end users who want to stay on the Pritchard to focus on overseeing and coordinating cutting edge, Microsoft will be presenting What's research efforts. Olden said merging the research New in Office XP. The class will cover many of the efforts of intramural, extramural and NTP has features of this newest version of Office for Win­ been one of his objectives for some time. He said dows so that you can begin to use them immediately the result tvill be better science all the way around. as they become available. Also, both end users and NCI Develops Web Design Guidelines In an effort to improve the effectiveness and effi­ ciency of federal government health information on the World Wide Web, the National Cancer Institute has developed a comprehensive set of web design guidelines based on research studies in the field. The Research-Based Web Design and Usability Guidelines represent several years of intense effort by NCI to identify web design-related research and compile a practical set of guidelines. These guide­ Awards lines, located on NCI's Usability.gov site (http:// Ceremony usability.gov/guidelines) will be used primarily by Welcomes All web masters and designers throughout government to improve online services. All NIH'ers are Only the bones remain of the old Westwood Bldg., "With more and more patients, researchers and the occupied on a rental basis by NIH for many years, but welcome to join public seeking health information online, it is now undergoing renovation. Retiree Asher Hyatt, who NIH acting director critical that NCI and other government web sites be was at the old Division of Research Grants from 1967 to Dr. Ruth highly intuitive, easy-to-use and accessible to the 1997, sent along these photos, asking, "I wonder ifDr. Kirschstein at the public," said Janice Nall, chief of NCl's Communi­ Kirschstein can identify her old office?" The building, 2001 NIH Director's cation Technologies Branch. "If we are to realize on Westbard Ave. in Bethesda, has been gutted and is Award Ceremony. our goal of reducing the cancer burden on the being converted into an apartment house. This year's event nation and building a healthier, better informed w ill honor America, then the 'business as usual' approach to recipients of the online health communications must change. Far too NIH Director's I .. I l much time and money have already been spent 11 I _I Aw ard and NIH 1,,,,1: designing, then re-designing web sites that aren't 111 I • . 'lj1 .• •• ,.,., Director's Award effective in helping the public access health and 1:,_1l · ..... ,.., for Mentoring, as scientific information." 11111, I:~ ■ 11•~• • well as w inners of Currently, NCI maintains some 130 web sites 111111 I I • i\1 . · ·~~ the Commissioned across the institute, managed by more than 50 web 1111 I I I I II'' I '. : •·" '· Corps Distin­ masters. When factoring in all health agencies r'''' I~ ·• ,; a,._ • guished Service within the Department of Health and Human Medal, Meritorious Services, that number rises to approximately 2,000 )I\';. . Service Medal and sites managed by over 400 web masters. ,., 11 I Outstanding The guidelines will complement NCI's popular Service Medal. Usability.gov web site, which was launched earlier The ceremony w ill this year. While originally designed to help NCI be held at 1:3 0 staff improve the presentation of cancer-related N I H R ~ ~ 0 R 0 p.m. on Wednes­ information to cancer researchers and the public, day, July 11 in the both Usability.gov and the Research-Based Web Published biwttkly at Bethesda, Md., by the Editorial Operations Natcher Bldg. Branch, Division of PuBlic Information, for the information of Design and Usability Guidelines are applicable to employees of the National Institutes of Healtb, Department of auditorium. anyone who designs and manages information web Health ,ind Human Services. The content is reprintable witl\ont sites. permission. Pictures may be available on request. Use of funds foo printing this periodical has been approved by the director of the "For the first time, a comprehensive list has been C:>ffice ot Management and Budget through Sept, 30, 2001. compiled that bases its conclusions on available research results, not best guesses," said Dr. Susan NIH Record Office Phone 496-2125 Sieber, director of NCI's Office of Communications. Bldg. 31, Rm. 2B03 Fax 402-1485 "While there are various web guidelines that offer Web address advice, that advice is often based on designers' l'i.ttp://www.nih.gov/news/NIH-Recoud/archives.hnn preferences rather than solid research into what works best for users." Editor The Nm Record reserves Richard 'McManus the right ro make The guidelines-more than 50 in all-will replace [email protected] corrections, changes, or the existing web design and usability guidelines that deletions in submitted NCI published in 1999. Assistant Editor copy in conformitywith Carla Garnett the policies of the paper As more research is analyzed and becomes avail­ cgl)[email protected] and HHS. able, NCI plans to publish a larger set of some 400 research-based guidelines. Ill li The Record is recyclable as office white paper. Grantees Win GM Cancer Awards ll five winners of the General Motors Cancer and two companion snidies, the data from which A Research Foundation's three annual prizes for have generated important epidemiological findings 2001 are NIH grantees, and all were invited to give in cancer research. They have examined the rela­ talks at a scientific conference on "Mechanisms of tionship between dietary fat and breast cancer and Metastasis" held June 6 in Masur Auditorium. The the roles of oral contraceptives and hormone prizes amount to $750,000. replacement therapy in cancer and risk factors for This year's Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize-honoring the colorectal cancer. most outstanding recent basic science contribution Speizer is Edward H . Kass professor of medicine at to cancer research-was awarded to Dr. Elizabeth Harvard Medical School, codirector of the Channing Blackburn of the University of California, San Laboratory at Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Francisco, for her pioneering research on cellular professor of environmental science at Harvard structures called te1omeres. NIGMS bas supported School of Public Health. He has enjoyed grant Blackburn's work since 1978. She is professor of support from NCRR, NIEHS, NHLBI and NCI. biochemistry and biophysics at UCSF. Willett, who is Fredrick John Stare professor of Working with a single-celled pond water creature epidemiology and nutrition, chair of the department called Tetrahymena in the early 1980s, Blackburn of nutrition at HSPH and professor of medicine at and her then-graduate student Carol Greider HMS, has been funded by NCI, NEI, NHLBI and discovered an enzyme caUed "telomerase." This N IDDK. enzyme, they found, rebuilds the chromosomal The GM Cancer Research Foundation, established telomeres of Tetrahymena, and also of animal and in 1978, has so far awarded i,nore than $11 million human cells. Telomeres, structures reminiscent of to 92 scientists in an effort to focus worldwide shoelace caps ("aglets") at the tips of chromosomes, attention on cancer research. Iii are involved in a number of basic cellular processes and have intriguing associations with cellular aging and cancer. Blackburn's studies have led scientists to believe that telomerase, which is active in normal human cells for only a short time after birth, becomes reactivated in cancer cells, and promotes cancer cell growth. Wmning the Charles F. Kettering Prize, which recognizes outstanding contributions to cancer diagnosis or treatment, were Dr. David Kuhl of the University of Michigan and Dr. Michael Phelps of UCLA, who were involved in the development of positron emission tomography (PET). Kuhl, professor of radiology, chief of the division of nuclear medicine, and director of the PET Center at the University of Michigan, was an early devel­ oper of cross-sectional scanning machines co exam­ ine patients' brains. Phelps, now Norton Simon professor and chair of the department of molecular and medical pharmacology at UCLA School of NIH'ers participated with Department of Health and Human M edicine, and his colleagues developed the first PET scanner at Washington University in St. Louis more Services representatives in the June 2 Race for the Cure in than 25 years ago. Washington, D. C. The 5-kilometer run/walk was sponsored by Kuhl has had grants from NCRR and NINDS in the Susan G. Kamen Breast Cancer Foundation to raise funds PET scanning, and from NCI in cancer research for assistance to breast cancer patients and breast cancer re­ training in nuclear medicine. Phelps has had searchers. Shown are (from l) Kendra "Kim" Westervelt, support from NIMH and NHLBI in PET scanning NHLBI; Mike Lonetto, HHS Office of the Secretary (OS); studies. Sharing the Charles S. Mott Prize, which honors Terrell Halaska, HHS-OS; Ann Agnew, HHS-OS; Andrea the most outstanding recent contribution to discov­ Gabossy, NCI; Brett Davis, HHS-OS; Tracy Self (holding sign), ery of the cause or ultimate prevention of human HHS-OS; HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson; an unidentified cancer, were Drs. Frank Speizer and Walter Willett, racer; Houston Baker, NCI; and Amy Schraven. (Picture cour­ both of Harvard University. They were recognized for creating and sustaining the Nurses Health Study tesy ofJ udy Baker.) TEACHING, CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 finishing her first year as an assistant professor at like babysitting" with classroom deportment Purdue University-Gagnon and a fellow ex-NINOS "verging on anarchy occasionally," she insists, postdoc, Dr. Suzanne Dashiell, took advantage of a "There are a lot more positives than negatives-I special partnership between NIH and the Montgom• wouldn't be (teaching) if there weren't. Teaching is ery County Public Schools to make the career challenging on many levels; had I stayed in research, switch. They are participants in an intensive I would never have grown in this way.. .1 am very program called Training Teachers for Tomorrow, busy, and haven't missed research for a second. You which is designed to recruit potential first-class can put 24 hours a day into this if you want to." pedagogues; it bypasses the traditional route of Teaching can be "damned funny," she added. requiring a state teaching certificate before allowing "The kids are into aJI of this posturing and being newcomers to face pupils. The rookie teachers tough, but it's really very funny. I feel like I'm commit to teaching for 3 years, agree to take in­ making a difference in their lives; there's so much service courses leading to professional certification crap that they're dealing with all the time." within 2 years, pay no tuition and earn a full salary Her first semester was rough, she concedes, and with all benefits. Nlli agrees to hire back the she almost didn't go back. "I changed my expecta­ individuals to their tions, and got to know the kids. That connection is labs of origin what is essential. Now things are going very well. during the sum­ It's actually fun-it's good." mer, and the Gagnon came to NIH in July 1998 and spent 2 county throws in years in the molecular immunology section of extra support for NINDS' Neuroimmunology Branch. "I loved it at the newbies, Nlli," she says. "I just knew that I would not stay including mentors. in research forever, for several reasons. For one The program thing, it's pretty tough to find a job and once you do answers a growing you spend most of your time stressing out and national need, writing grants. I have no desire to do that. Also, I identified by the think my personality is better suited to National Research ceaching... Science is great, but there is a whole other Council, for world out there that I know nothing about, and science and math that's equally-if not more-interesting to me right teachers. It began now." last fall and, She found out about the county-NIH partnership according to NIH via email from a colleague, who alerted her to a deputy director for meeting about Training Teachers for Tomorrow intramural (TIT) on campus. "I went to the meeting, it research Dr. sounded like a great opportunity, so I applied." Former NIH Michael Gottesman, is attracting more and more Gagnon intends to teach for at least a few more postdocs Dr. NIH postdocs. "About a half dozen (current NIH years, but is leaving the door to the long-term open. S11sa11 Gagnon (/) postdocs) are interested in the program, and we've Though she is back in her old lab for the summer, and Dr. Christine taken them on tours," confirms Sandra Shmookler, she doesn't rule out the possibility of another career Hrycyna spoke an official with Montgomery County Public Schools. switch. am presented with another education­ about their new "If I careers recently in Those expressing interest in the program can get related position, I may look into it." Lipsett Amphithe­ time off from work to visit county schools where Dr. Suzanne Dashiell, whose doctorate is in ater. they are welcome to shadow teachers, visit class­ medical pathology, left NINDS' Laboratory of rooms and see if the teaching life suits them. Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology after 2 years Gagnon, who teaches science at Montgomery Blair (though she is still a special volunteer here and will High School, has a personality that makes the switch work in her old lab this summer) to become a seem appropriate; she regaled the Lipsett audience science teacher. She's now at Forest Oak Middle with such tales as scrapping a lesson plan on Bohr's School in Gaithersburg, where she teaches five Law in favor of discussing menstrual cramps, periods daily to eighth graders. breaking up the occasional fight, owning up to who "Since I am a people person, I was not completely does her eyebrows, and dealing with students who happy being in a lab all day and not interacting with are homeless. a lot of people," she said. "Although I really enjoy "Some of the kids who go to Blair are extremely the lab bench, I felt like I needed a career where I underprivileged," she recounted. "We take so much could express my humorous and youthful personal­ for granted in the largely affluent atmosphere at ity. More importantly," she continued, "I wanted a NIH." job where I would feel like I was making a difference Although she admits that teaching is "sometimes in people's lives on a daily basis. Research can be rewarding, but the rewards are delayed ...T eaching ship the schools have established with NIH: "We kids is perfect if you want to make an immediate love NIH," she said. "We're delighted with this difference... Nothing gives me greater joy than a partnership. We always want the best and brightest student who appreciates what I do." minds in our classrooms-after all, they whet the Like Gagnon, Dashiell sees her share of appetites of the next generation of science students, knuckleheadedness, and warns that ill-prepared too." teachers can be "eaten alive." The two women have She is willing to do most anything to satisfy the high expectations of their students, though, which curiosity of a would-be teacher. ''We can let inter­ tends to lift ambitions in the classroom. "I found if ested people do some substitute teaching, or spend a you respect and be kind to the kids, they will be week in the classroom to see what it's like. We try respectful and kind back to you," Dashiell said. to make it as easy as possible ...Teacbing is hard. She learned about the TTT program from the Most of the kids are wonderful, but it can be a county's advertisements~ Dashiell said, and from challenge. We want people to see how it really is television stories about it. (before they make the switch).'' Both Dashiell and Gagnon say their career changes To learn more about the TTT program in Mont­ provoked mixed reactions from family and peers. gomery County, call Mary Grace Snyder at (301) "The reople in my lab reacted well compared to my 972-5792. Postdocs interested in testing the waters parents," laughed Gagnon. Said Dashiell, "Many with a visit to county schools should contact Gloria people were shocked because I invested so much Seelman (who has more than 30 years of classroom time and effort in getting a Ph.D. and then switched experience, and used to run the magnet program at to a career where a Ph.D. is not needed. Some were Blair, Shmookler said) in the Office of Education, disappointed because being a scientist at NIH was 402-2469. Iii impressive and highly revered, and to go to a profession that has somewhat lost its respectability NIDDK's Rice Wins Drug Research Award and appeal was a bitter pill for some of my family Dr. Kenner Rice, chief of NIDDK's Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and friends to swallow." But peers had always told received the 2001 Nathan B. Eddy Award, a major international prize for her she'd make a good teacher, and Dashiell listened. drug dependence research. The award, which includes a medal and She says she remains committed to teaching, "but it $10,000, was presented to Rice in Scottsdale, Ariz., in June at the annual is possible I will pursue other options like teaching meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD). different grade levels." The awatd memorializes Dr. Nathan B. Eddy, Going the older-kid route was Dr. Christine a pioneer in the drug dependence field and a Hrycyna, who Jeft NCI a year ago after 6 years of former section chief in the National Institute of research in the Laboratory of Cell Biology headed by Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, NIDDK's first her advisor Dr. Michael Gottesman. A biochemist incarnation. Eddy coordinated the early by training, she spent a year methodically choosing a research on analgesics for the Public Health new career as an educator, finally landing at Service beginning in the 1930s. The lab Rice Purdue's department of chemistry. Now responsible leads is the contemporary successor to Eddy's for virtually everything about her new lab, she says, section. "It's like running a small business. You have to be a Since coming to NIH in 1972, Rice has jack of all trades .. .It's not like anything I could have primarily conducted research in medicinal expected-I thought I'd have more time to do chemistry. He has focused on learning how experiments myself. But the other duties are also neurotransmitters work in the central nervous fun." system. From that basic understanding, he and She has the usual round of committee responsibili­ Dr. Kenner Rice his lab developed substances aimed at prevent­ ties, office hours to maintain, grants to write, grad ing and treating drug abuse. students to recruit, train and mentor, and lab Rice's career has been productive. So far, he has written or coauthored equipment to buy (the federal surplus program has more than 475 papers and 33 issued patents. He has created probes to outfitted her with some excellent ex-NIH equipment, explore how opioids, c9caine, cannabinoids and phenylcyclidine (PCP)­ she noted) but finds life in West Lafayette, Ind., like molecules act on their receptors. He has also mapped the location of refreshing with its affordable housing, comfortable cannabinoid receptors, shown that there are biochemical differences in university-town culture and world-class sushi: the receptors of animals addicted to either morphine or heroin, and "There's a Subaru and Isuzu plant in town, and a developed a drug that may eventually stop addicts from using cocaine. local Japanese restaurant flies in fresh sushi daily." His invention of the NIH Opiate Total Synthesis has made it possible to Hrycyna says teaching undergraduates "is incred­ make synthetic opiates on a large scale. ibly rewarding. It's hard to express how much I The Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award is administered by CPDD, a enjoy it. They want to be engaged, and to have their nonprofit membership organization that is also a World Health Organi­ interest sparked." zation Collaborating Center for research and training in the field of drug Shmookler of MCPS cherishes the close relation- dependence. El HILL LECTURE, CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 than even the direst predictions of a few years ago, when it was confirmed that sub-Saharan Africa had more cases of HIV than any other region in the world. Life expectancy-which had risen to the 70s from the mid 40s of earlier decades- has plum­ meted again in nations such as Botswana and NIAID director Zimbabwe, Makgoba reported. South Africa, Dr. Anthony Fauci opened the lecture where Makgoba hails from, currently has one of the with a brief fastest growing HIV epidemics, according to the remembrance of World Health Organization. That country alone is his friend, the late home to an estimated 4.7 million to 5.3 million Dr. James C. Hill, people who are HIV positive, with 1,700 to 2,000 who served as more people becoming infected every day. Every NIAID deputy year, Makgoba said, about 60,000 HIV positive director from 1987 babies are born. to 1995. This year "Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, is marks the second engulfed by the HIV/AIDS epidemic," he declared. year for the lecture given in Hill's "Almost all the socioeconomic improvements of memory. post-independent Africa are being reversed if not wiped out by this epidemic." African women ages 16 to 44 who were surveyed Disease Differences said they depend on their partners for financial support; half of them do not believe they have the Complicating Africa's (and the rest of the world's) right to ask their partners to wear a condom during PHOTOS: ERNIE BRANSON response to the "explosive'' nature of the epidemic's sex; and about 25 percent of them fear violent spread, Makgoba pointed out, is that the disease reprisal from their partners if they refuse to have looks a lot different in Africa than it does in the U.S. sex. The prevalence of rape in Africa is three times and other developed nations. That's why ap­ the U.S. rate: 240 rapes per 100,000 in Africa proaches to AIDS that have worked in "northern" versus 80 per 100,000 here. regions may not be In South Africa, approximately 35 percent of HIV­ as effective in sub­ positive mothers who are breastfeeding will pass the Saharan nations. He virus to their newborn infants. "Those children who asked the audience to manage to avoid infection face the prospect of being consider several orphaned," Makgoba said. In the U.S., perinatal unique features of transmission has been virtually eliminated with the HIV/AIDS in Africa: use of AZT and other therapies. Unlike in this country, where HIV­ Threat to the Future positive men for a In Africa, the mortality pattern from AIDS is long time outnum­ shifted more toward young people, he noted. That bered HIV-positive has forced African society to face what is potentially women (although its most devastating dilemma. infection rates now "Today, the plague only exists in the subconscious­ are growing faster ness of the descendants of Europeans," Makgoba among U.S. women asserted, "while it boggles the consciousness of every A former visiting than men) during the epidemic's early period, scientist with NCI African parent and child. The new African leader­ women in Africa are infected more than men there; ship has to stare and be witness daily to the deaths in the late 1980s, specifically, younger women (including teenagers Makgoba is of young, gifted Africans. The youth of any nation welcomed back to and other women of early childbearing ages) and is its future. The dilemma here is investing in NIH by Faitci. older men are affected more. education in the midst of great human losses." While Americans battled the various social stigmas Also, in Africa, the spread of the disease is inti­ ("it's a 'gay' problem" or "only IV drug abusers can mately linked with the continent's burgeoning get it") that accompanied HIV/AIDS here in the economic success and the opening of some African early years of the epidemic, Africans are struggling countries' borders to commerce. Migration and the with their own social mores and expectations, migrant labor system are keys to transmission as is according to Makgoba. Although the first cases of the epidemic's association with major transport the disease were among homosexual men, the routes (56 percent of truck drivers reportedly are epidemic in Africa has primarily affected the. HIV positive). In addition the epidemic grew far heterosexual population. About 74 percent of 219 faster than the region's initial response, Makgoba said, due in part to delayed reaction by the political "The need for science to be understood by the leadership in many African nations. public, the need for scientists to communicate better, "National denial seems to be entrenched in African the need for the public to make choices about what society," he lamented. science has to offer in their daily life, the need for When compared to America, Africa also has the public to participate and shape the scientific different patterns of transmission, higher rates of process, the need for science to integrate the wealth infection, the presence of different opportunistic of information have never been greater than today," infections and higher frequency of sexually transmit­ he concluded. Ill ted infections that facilitate transmission.

A Role for NIH HIV/AIDS in Mothers, Children Is Focus of Still, Makgoba stressed, "these different factors are Botswana Conference no license for quackery, discredited, pernicious and dissident ideas, unethical practices or unscientific A 4-day consultation to discuss HIV/AIDS research needs and experimentation." While the HIV/AIDS pandemic opportunities was held recently in Botswana, Africa. More than 150 could be considered only a cruel setback to a participants, including biomedical and social science researchers, continent that has consistently improved its socio­ health care providers, representatives of faith-based organizations economic conditions over the past 30 years, he said and research funding agencies, and people living with HIV/AIDS the health crisis should also be viewed as an oppor­ gathered for the meeting, which was cochaired by NfH acting deputy tunity. director Dr. Yvonne Maddox and Dr. Ruth Nduati, a consultant "The future of science lies in three areas-ethics, pediatrician at the Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi. communication and attending to societal concerns," The need for culturally appropriate education campaigns about he predicted. "Will the HIV/AIDS epidemic define prevention and treatment of the disease was among several key issues the African Renaissance in terms of innovations, raised for future exploration. Also djscussed was the need to ensure morality and ethics? I believe Africa and its science the safety and efficacy of anti-retroviral therapies, which are becom­ will contribute to the knowledge base." ing more available in sub-Saharan Africa, and the fact that treatments 1n that area, Makgoba said the U.S.-and the and diagnostics considered "optimal" in the United States and other National Institutes of Health, in particular-can parts of the world may offer invaluable assistance to Africa by continuing to not be considered open its medical research enterprise to foreign optimal in African investigators for the purpose of learning and conditions or among sharing. African citizens. In all, "You have an important role in mentoring," said 28 plenary sessions and Makgoba, an internationally recognized molecular two scientific panels immunologist who himself was an NIH visiting were convened. scientist from 1986 to 1988 in the National Cancer "I expect this collabo­ Institute. "One of the things you learn when you rative effort marks the come to NIH is the integrity and excellence of beginning of many science. There are not many other places you can fruitful initiatives learn those." between the D HHS agencies and our African Let Africa Be Africa partners," said Maddox. He also cautioned would-be helpers who want to The conference was impose other nations' standards of ethics and sponsored by the research on Africa. National Institute. of In Botswana, Africa, for a 4-day consultation "You want to respect the partner with whom you Child Health and were (from I) Dr. Kenneth Bridbord, director of are engaging in research," he noted, discussing the Human Development FI C's Division of International Training and current ethical debates about providing to Africa with support and Research; NIH acting deputy director Dr. Yvonne Maddox; and Dr. Jeanne McDermott, treatment options that have not passed U.S. efficacy participation from the Fogarty International program director for AIDS, population, or safety tests, and about obtaining informed maternal and child health, FIC. consent from potential participants in U.S. clinical Center, the National trials that could take place in Africa. "Empowering Institute of Mental a patient empowers the investigator." Health, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Despite the sobering snapshot of HIV/AIDS in the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Africa and the forecast of the all-uphill battle ahead, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also participated. Makgoba was able throughout his lecture to point to NICHD has agreed to take a leadership role in the collaborative several ways that scientists and nonscientists can effort with African investigators and other interested organizations to work together against the pandemic- the most help meet the research needs in Africa that were identified during the important way being to keep information flowing. consultation. WILSON, CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 1972-1992. "The erosion of AFDC benefits became quintile of the population gets even richer. a landslide after 1991," he continued. "Nine states At the outset, he declared his case against "faulty cut benefits one or more times during that peciod." assumptions" made by those who think the 1996 Using the Department of Housing and Urban reform was unerringly beneficial; he decried a Development's standards for "decent, safe, sanitary tendency " to ignore competing e:irplanations of why housing of a modest nature" as a benchmark, the welfare rolls have plummeted since reform." He Wilson said an AFDC-recipient family of three could sees his role as "using empiricaJ evidence to examine not afford even such meager accommodations by the Dr. Patricia R. assumptions about welfare reform ...! hold to the early nineties, Robuck recently view that we cannot make wise policy decisions Peering into AFDC recipients' lives, he found that joined the without adequate information." That loosened the only a minority of them were black in 1995, and NIDDK Division spigot. that they constitute "a very dynamic population, ofDigestive Unlike most people surveyed in 12 European subject to frequent change." For example, three­ Diseases and countries, Americans have negative feelings about quarters of those on AFDC rolls depart within 2 Nutrition as impoverished people, he related. Whereas in years, he found. "Permanent receipt of welfare is director of the Europe, poverty is infrequently attributed to per­ seen as anathema by many recipients." Only 15 Clinical Trials sonal shortcomings (structural problems sucb as a percent of welfare recipients remain on welfare for 5 Program. There, bad economy, social injustice or plain bad luck are she will be years or more. But welfare is more economically responsible for more often blamed), more than 9 out of 10 Ameri­ beneficial than keeping a job at the lowest end of the managing and cans think lack of effort is somewhat or very wage spectrum, he discovered, for many reasons co01·dinating important as a cause of _poverty. "In the U.S., there including the cost of a work wardrobe, obtaining clinical trials in is widespread support for the notion that most child care, commuting long distances to jobs, etc. digestive diseases welfare recipients don't value hard work," Wilson Yet work provides more than income; it also offers and nutrition, stated. "Americans are especially critical of welfare an "anchor in time and space" for people, a place to including studies recipients. There is a popular sentiment that these report to, a stmcture to which to belong. "In its of chronic people are not pulling their weight." absence, life is less coherent," he observed. hepatitis C, non­ Two themes characterize the " welfare ethos" in this Wilson says that when President Clinton first alcoholic country, he argued: While we concede that govern­ steatohepatitis, introduced his proposal for welfare reform in 1993, esop/,ageal ment has an obligation to help its neediest citizens, Clinton argued that welfare reform "should not be varic;es, pancreati­ we tend to require that recipients must, first, behave undertaken in isolation, but joined with universal tis, inflammatory in socially approved ways, and second, must prepare heaJth insurance, job-creation efforts that pay decent bowel disease, for work and accept jobs when offered. In other wages, and programs that attend to child care and and irritable words, they are not free-like you and I are-to turn support issues." bowel syndrome. down work they might find distasteful. Wilson called the Republican-crafted 1996 reform She IVill also serve "ln the United States, it is the moral fabric of the "the greatest shift in social policy concerning the on a tra11s­ individual that is seen as the core and root of the poor since the Social Security Act of 1935" but NIDDK work problem, and this idea resonates with the general admitted that dire predictions for its impact on the group designed to public," Wilson said. identify issues and welfare poor have not materialized. "Caseloads policies within He described the period from the early 1970's have dropped from 12 million in August 1996 to 6 NJDDK's clinical through the mid-1990's as one of rising inequality, million now," he reported, and state budget sur­ trials program which contrasts sharply with the years following pluses have benefited child poverty in dozens of that would benefit World War II, when "a rising tide did indeed lift all other ways. "But it is sensible to ask whether this from standai•diza­ boats." success is related to the incredible economic boom in tion. Robuck From 1947 to 1973, the lowest quintile of wage­ this country during which we have experienced comes from FDA, earners experienced the highest average income strong growth, a decline in unemployment (long­ where she directed growth, he reported. But that pattern changed in the term unemployment dropped from 2 million in the Clinical early 1970's, when growth slowed. After this point, January 1993 to 640,000 in 2001, and black Research Grant the higher quintiles grew continualJy, with the top 5 Program from unemployment, at 7 percent, is the lowest since BLS 1997 to 2001. bi percent exceeding gains made during the previous began keeping such statistics in 1972) and a rise in this position, she period. However, the two lowest quintiles experi­ the minimum wage," Wilson said. "Now there are had responsibility enced annual stagnation or declines in income. signs that the economy is slowing down, and this is for the clinical During 1974-1996, real wages of those at the top unfortunate.. . if the good times could last just a few research grant climbed while the lowest-paid workers saw steady more years, there would be a significant positive program aimed at declines. impact." the development ''AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children) Some groups, he said, are worse off since 1996; the of products for recipients were far worse off in 1995 than 1975," bottom 20 percent of female-headed households has rare diseases and Wilson reported; there was a 3 7 percent drop in realized a decrease in disposable income. The disorders. benefits during this period. AFDC and food stamp number of children in poverty declined "only benefits declined an average of 26 percent during slightly" in the late nineties. In a three-city study funded in part by NICHD, Office Supply Delivery Offered Wilson and colleagues have found there are "a significant number of women who have not fared The Office of Logistics Acquisition Operations (OLAO) has contracted well after leaving welfare, even in a booming with the Blind Industries and Services of Maryland (BISM) to provide economy... What will happen to these women when NIH with onlinc purchasing and next-day delivery of office supplies. the economy turns down?" The website, www.supereaglesupply.com is slated to come online in late Wilson says it's premature to declare welfare August. Be on the lookout for more information about this important reform a successful experiment, and that "we must development. wait until the economy returns to normal or suffers NIH customers can look forward to a greatly expanded inventory of stagnation" to get a reliable report card. Mean­ products to choose from as well as nexr-day delivery of office supplies while, the media are ignoring a significant correla­ right to their desks. Many have commented on recent changes in the tion bis team has found: in the poorest neighbor­ self-service stores, hoods, the children are constantly sick, largely due especially the to unsanitary environments, poor access to health streamlining of care, poor diets and other causes. Further, inad­ selection of office equate child care is the biggest stress on poor supplies at on­ working women. "They have to worry about campus stores. getting to work on time, or at all, versus caring for OLAO, which runs their sick children ...Many employers are quick to the Self-Service attribute moms' tardiness or absence at work to lack Stores, has intro­ of a work ethic." duced many of these He concluded, "It's important to realize that changes in an effort welfare reform has only been in place for a short to expand and better period of time, and in a period of unprecedented serve cbe needs of the economic good times. There's been lots of informa­ research and scien­ On hand at the signing ceremony for the new office­ tion on the good news of reform, but now it's time tific community. supply pmchasing contract are (seated) Tina Tiffany, to increase the awareness of Americans to the bad While OLAO focuses Office of Logistics Acquisition Operations contracting news, especially if the economy does indeed turn greater attention on office,; and Fred Puente, president, Blind Industries SOUL" its services to the and Seruices of Maryland. Looking on are (from l) During the question period, Wilson emphasized the sciences at Nm, Paul Becker, director of sales, BISM; Dauid Ramos, powerful social and cultural effects of the environ­ BISM will step in to a:fing deputy director (~r admin!stra~ion and a~t!~K ment in poverty, a topic that intrigues him. He also cover the agency's dtrecto:, OLAO; Ed W1/~~~• actmg d1~ector, Divmon office-supply needs. o(Stat1on Support Acquts1t1on; and Ricardo Gomez, has recently published a new book, one that actually . Ii OLAO program analyst. offers solutions rather than analysis, he joked; it's M a kmg your on ne, called The Bridge Over the Racial Divide, and "it faxed or phone-ordered purchases through BISM will ensure that your aims to generate a sense of interdependence in office is in compliance with federal regulations regarding government addressing the concerns of ordinary families." purchases and the Javits-Wagncr-O'Day Act. Stay tuned for more Wilson also explained the rise in incarceration at the detailed information coming in mid-August. g same time crime rates are dropping as evidence of national mean-spiritedness, and said he "doesn't FAES Announces Concert Schedule expect major, significant changes" when welfare The Foundation for Advanced Education in the laws are reauthorized. "But J'm a perennial opti­ Sciences has announced the performers and dates mist." He wanes some assurance that "every single in the 2001-2002 season of its Chamber Music leaver of welfare" is fully informed about access to Series. The concerts are Sundays at 4 p.m. in other forms of government assistance outside of Masur Auditorium, BJdg. 10. For ticket informa­ welfare when he or she officially leaves the rolls. II tion call 496-7976 or visit www.faes.org. Nonsmoking Volunteers Needed Ocr. 14 Louis Lortie, piano Nov. 4 Mendelssohn Quarter Are you a female nonsmoker, 18 to 35 years old, in Nov. 18 Royal lrish Academy of Music Strings good health and not on birth control pills? You may with John O'Conor, piano be eligible to participate in a study of commonly Dec. 16 Richard Goode, piano prescribed medications. The study involves multiple Jan. 13. 2002 Randall Scarlata, baritone visits to the Uniformed Services University (next to with Cameron Stowe, piano the Naval Medical Center, across the pike from Jan. 27 Takacs Quarret NIH) ove.r a 3-month period. Earn up to $880 and Feb. 10 Brazilian Guitar Quartet Mar.10 get a free medical exam. Call (301) 319-8204 for Altenberg Trio Mar. 24 Richard Stoltzman, clarinet and John more information and a preliminary telephone Peter Stoltzman, piano screening. Ill Ap.t. 7 Emmanuel Pahud, flute and friends CSR's Jakubczak Retires After 36 Years of Federal Service By Don Luckett "From peasant to Ph.D." Dr. Leonard Jakubczak enter the year-long NIH Grants Associate Prograr:. marvels at the life, which began in a community of He spent the next 10 years at the National Insritt.·:: Polish immigrants in Buffalo, N. Y. His parents on Aging, where he oversaw portfolios of extrarn.­ didn't have a lot of money, but they had a lot of ral grants for the Cognitive and Biopsychology o: Female determination. "You're going to college," they said, Aging Program and later for the Neuropsychologc­ Volunteers and his fate was sealed. of Aging Program. To broaden his administrarfre Needed He has many memories to recall, now that he has skills and further apph retired from the Center for Scientific Review after his expertise in neuro­ The Behavioral 36 years of government service. Ac CSR, he was anatomy and neurophyJ Endocrinology scientific review administrator of the visual sciences ology, Jakubczak took Branch, NIMH, Is B study section. charge of CSR's visual seeking female "I'm retiring for health reasons," he explains with sciences B study sectior: volunteers ages surprising spunk. "I'm healthy, and I want to enjoy in 1989. This group 18-55 to partici­ the rest of my life!" It's not that he hasn't enjoyed reviews grant applica­ pate in studies of his career. He .is just embracing the next stage of life tions related to the visu1, the effects of as he has all the others. Jakubczak enters this stage central nervous system. menstrual cycle with some insight, since he conducted and coordi­ In addition to helping hormones on brain nated research on the psychophysiology of aging for scientists advance their and behavior. many years. research, Jakubczak will Volunteers must His interest in psychology was developed at St. be remembered by manr have regular Joseph's College in Philadelphia, where he received Dr. Leonard Jakubczak NIH'ers as the one who menstrual cycles his bachelor's degree before earning his master's in helped them in Toastmasters when he served as with no changes in psychology from the University of Toronto. Ironi­ president of the NlH club and later as the area mood in relation­ cally, it was his interest in a young woman that governor and district lieutenant governor of the ship to menses, be helped focus his career on gerontology. While in St. organization. free of medical Louis visiting the girlfriend who later became his He recently explained how he was drawn to the illnesses and not wife, he learned that Washington University had just next stage in life: integration. He has developed an taking any received funding from the National Institute of interest in genealogy and wants to continue explor­ hormones or Mental Health to launch the first graduate program ing the many branches of his family tree. In retire­ medication on a on the psychology of aging. Jakubczak seized the ment, he plans to study Russian so he can conduct regular basis. opportunity to join the pioneers in this new field of further research for writing a partial history of his They will complete research. He studied the effects of aging and family. Othenvise, he will not make a retirement daily rating forms hormones on behavior and received his Ph.D. there task list. He notes that ''being is more important and be offered in 1962. than doing" in this stage of life, and he cannot wait participation in He then accepted a Public Health Service post­ to be more free from what psychoanalyst Karen one or more doctoral fellowship and worked in the section on Horney calls the "tyranny of the shouJds." From his protocols. aging within the Laboratory of Psychology at the study of aging, however, he knows the challenges Payment will be in National Institute of Mental Health. After studying and risks ahead. Still, he looks forward to being accordance wi1h thermal regulation and aging for 3 years, he moved "more of a freelancer in life and giving this new the duration of to the Jefferson Barracks Veterans Administration stage a try." It's hard to imagine a better way to go. D each visit and the Hospital in St. Louis, where he headed the type of protocol. Gerontological Psychology Research Laboratory and Stress Hormones, Depression Studies For more informa­ directed research on the influence of aging on the tion, call Linda The Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, NIMH, is regulation of food intake and activity levels. During seeking people with current or past depression, as Simpson-St. Clair, his 13 years there, he also was a lecturer and 496-9576. well as matched normal controls, to participate in an research associate in gerontology in Washington evaluation study at the Clinical Center. Participants University's department of psychology. He eventu­ should be 18 to 65 years old; medically healthy; ally became an adjunct professor of psychology nonsmokers with.in the past year; and able to there. He held similar appointments at the Univer­ participate in studies involving at least one night's sity of Missouri in St. Louis. stay at the Clinical Center. Eligible volunteers will His career came to a crossroads in 1978 as he receive a physical evaluation, metabolic studies and contemplated the next stage in his life. After a participate in studies for possible heart disease in productive period of conducting his own research, depression. They will also be paid. For more he became interested in research administration information, call 496-5831 or 496-1892 voice mail where he could nurture the research efforts of #1 for Dr. June Cai. Ill others. Jakubczak jumped at the opportunity to ~QT Computer Classes HRDD Class Offerings All courses are on the NIH campus and are given The Human Resource Development Division without charge. For more information call 594- supports the development of NIH human resources 6248 or consult the training program's home page at through consultation and provides training, career http://training.cit.nih.gov. development programs and other services designed to enhance organizational performance. For more Fundamentals of Cold Fusion 6/28 information call 496-6211 or visit http:// Creating Presentations with PowerPoint 6/28 Advanced Presentations with PowerPoint 2000 6/29 LearningSource.od.uih.gov. Creating Presentations with PowerPoint 7/3 Creating Distinctive Customer Service 7/10 -11 Introduction to HTML 7/5 Workshops for Scientific and Technical Editing 7/10-11 Data Warehouse Query: Budget & Finance 719 Scientific and Technical Writing 7/11-13 Relational Database Overview 7/10 Women in Emotionally Intelligent Leadership 7/12 WIG - World Wide Web Interest Group 7110 Science Fellowship Payment System 7/12 Genetics Computer Group (GCG) Sequence Introduction to Web Page Design - HTML 7/12 Analysis 7/10-12 HRDD announces NIH Retirement Seminar-CSRS 7/16-18 Oracle Forms 7/11 a new series of IMPAC II-CRISP Plus 7116 Basic Security for Unix Workstations 7/11 workshops Adobe PageMaker Production 1 (Dual Platform) 7/18 Producing Graphs with SAS 7/11-12 specifically IMPAC II Peer Review Module 7/18 Titan Transition - What's My Keyword 7112 designed for Adobe PageMaker Production 2 (Dual Platform) 7119 Introduction to the Helix Systems 7/12 women in science. Winning Negotiations 7/19-20 Data Warehouse Query: Human Resources 7/13 Many women Federal Resume Writing 7/23 Creating Presentations with PowerPoint 7113 scientists at NIH The Leadership Edge 7/24 508 Compliance for Procurement Section have identified Federal Supply Schedules 7/24 Personnel 7/17 skills development Advanced Web Page Design 7/24 Section 508 and Web Accessibility: Introduction 7/17 Consolidated Purchasing Through Contracts 7/25 Section 508 and Web Accessibility: in negotiating, Buying From Businesses on the Open Market 7/26 Technical Implementation 7117 networking and Intermediate MS Access 2000 7/30 Introduction to HTML 7/17 mentoring as Managing The Federal Employee 8/2-3 Data Warehouse Query: Human Resources being critical to Neurolinguistics for the Modern Scientist 8/2-17 Fellowship Payment System 7/18 their success. The Oracle SQL Plus 7/18 workshops will Section 508 Compliance for Procurement help women Personnel 7 /18 develop skills that An Introduction to TCP/IP 7/18 could lead to Macintosh Tips and Techniques 7/18 increased visibility XML 7/19 Advanced Presentations with PowerPoint 2000 7/19 and career Budget Tracking 7/19 opportunities. Introduction to Networks 7/20 The first work­ NTH Enterprise Directory (NED): Admin. Officer shop, Negotiating and Technician Training 7/20 Workshop for Introduction to HTML 7/20 Women in Data Warehouse Query: Technology Transfer 7/24 Science, will be Understanding Your CIT Bill 7/24 piloted in July FasTrac Overview 7/24 with women Two NIH'ers recently received recognition for BRMUG - Macintosh Users Group 7/24 Using Secure Email in the Exchange Messaging scientists from volunteerism at a state awards ceremony. Maryland NCI. Dr.Julie Lieutenant Governor Kathleen Kennedy Townsend (c) Environment 7/25 presided over the Governor's 18th anmml Volunteer and White, an internationally Service Awards ceremony in Baltimore. Angela M. Alumni Endorse New Parking Garage Magliozzi ([), won·zen's health program manager in prominent NIAID, received a certificate for her role as chair of the The NIH Alumni Association's board of directors speaker, seminar 2001 Montgomery County Women's Fair committee, recently forwarded to NIH leadership a resolurion leader, consultant and Genia H. Bohrer, senior management analyst, ORS, endorsing construction of a new parking garage on and author, will be received a certificate for her role as team leader for the the campus' northwest quadrant. The resolution the workshop {air's program of the da)•· Both women are active points out that such a garage is in the President's leader. If you are members of the Bethesda chapter ofFederally Employed budget request for NIH for the year 2002, and urges interested in Women. The governor's office on service and thar it be built to satisfy employees, alwnni and bringing these or volunteerism gave this year's awards during the Interna­ neighbors, all of whom endorse the facility. The similar workshops tional Year of Volunteers 2001, so designated by the United Nations, to begin the new millennium by document asks NIH to make the garage "one of its to your IC, contact celebrating the contributions of volunteers around the highest priorities for the year 2002." Iii Vickie Baldwin at world. 496-6211.