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Home , Barbara Bergmann, Heidi Hartmann, Jane Humphries, Marianne Ferber, Uri Gneezy, William Julius Wilson

ECON 771: Political Economy of Race and Gender Spring 2018

Dr. Elissa Braunstein Department of , Colorado State University [email protected] Office: C327 Clark Office hours: T 1:00 – 2:00 (or by appointment)

Overview

I define political economy as “the study of the impact of group identity and collective conflict on the organization of economic activity and its consequences.” Political economy traditions tend to focus on class as a source of identity and group conflict. In this course, we will expand that focus to incorporate other sources of group membership, giving you a broad background in economic approaches to inequality and identity based on race/ethnicity and gender. We will focus primarily on the neoclassical, Marxian political economy and feminist literatures. In addition to learning more about the relationship between group membership and economic structures, we will use the prisms of race and gender to better understand and critique various approaches to economic analysis. And while much of the literature focuses on the U.S. context, I will try to broaden the discussion as often as possible, and encourage students to do the same.

I welcome students from other social science disciplines. Although we will cover some advanced material that may be difficult for those who have not completed graduate economics courses, the emphasis will be on the main points, rather than the technical detail.

The syllabus includes both required readings (*starred) and supplemental readings/sections as I wanted to give you a more complete sense of the literature if you are interested in looking further into a particular topic. You can access electronic copies of most of the required readings through the library. In other cases, I’ll have electronic copies of the readings available on RamCT.

The syllabus is provisional, and though I have a rough idea of how much time we will take for each section, I expect to do a lot of planning and negotiating as we move along.

Papers, Exam and Evaluation

I will base your grade on three main components.

1. Class (40%) • Reaction papers or discussion leadership (20%). Two “reaction” papers to the assigned readings to be shared with other students and me at least one day before class discussion of the readings. These are relatively informal, low-stakes papers reflecting on the material, 3-5 pages in length. We will try to distribute responsibility for these so that all of the assigned readings are covered. Each one will count for 10% of your final grade. Alternatively, in lieu of writing something up you take on facilitating discussion that day – just let me know. • Class participation (10%). I will begin every class with some comments on the readings, but most of the class session will be devoted to group discussion of the readings. Every student is required to participate actively in class by coming prepared to discuss the assigned material. Participation will be 10% of your final grade. • An addition to the syllabus (10%). There is a lot of material and subjects that I haven’t yet incorporated. And while that can be said of any course, I am particularly interested in areas that you feel are important to represent. In this assignment you will craft a new section (or sub-section) for the syllabus, including at least five readings (and indicating which should be required). I’ll also ask you to present a short overview of the section to the rest of us during the last couple of weeks of class. Due April 26.

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2. Critical literature review or research paper (30%) You have two choices for the third paper: (1) a critical literature review, or (2) a research paper. For the critical literature review, you should go into more detail on a reading that is not required, providing a critical analysis that links it to the assigned reading and to questions raised in class. The research paper option is pretty wide open – it just has to be related to the subject matter of the course and okayed with me beforehand. The paper should be no longer than 15 pages, including references and will be due Thursday, May 4. Each student will also make a 15 minute presentation of their papers during the last couple of class sessions.

3. Take home final (30%) I’ll distribute a list of questions the last day of class. It will be due Monday, May 7 at noon.

Class Policies Accommodation of If you are a student who needs any special accommodations in this class, please let students with disabilities me know about those needs in a timely way. A verifying memo from the office of Resources for Disabled Students may be required before accommodation is provided. Academic integrity Any evidence of academic dishonesty, including plagiarism or cheating on exams, will be penalized with a failing grade for the course and passed on to the Office of Student Affairs for investigation and possible disciplinary action.

Reading List

I. Introduction to (2 weeks) Badgett, M. V. Lee. 1997. “Gender, Sexuality, and Sexual Orientation: All in the Feminist Family?.” In Gender and political economy: Incorporating diversity into theory and policy. N.Y. and London: Armonk, pp. 61-77. Drucilla Barker and Edith Kuiper (eds.) 2003. Toward a Feminist Philosophy of Economics. : Routledge. *Lourdes Benería. 1995. “Toward a Greater Integration of Gender in Economics.” World Development 23(11): 1839-50. . 1986. The Economic Emergence of Women. New York: Basic Books. Robert Dimand, Evenlyn Forget and Chris Nyland. 2004. “Gender in Classical Economics.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 18(1): 229-240. * and Julie Nelson (eds.) 1993. Beyond Economic Man. Feminist Theory and Economics. Chicago and London: The Press. Introduction & chs. 1 & 2 (pp. 1-53) & ch. 4 (69-93). Marianne Ferber and Julie Nelson (eds.) 2003. Feminist Economics Today. Beyond Economic Man. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. *Hartmann, Heidi I. 1979. “The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and : Towards a More Progressive Union.” Capital & Class 3(2): 1-33. Ann Mari May. 2002. “The Feminist Challenge to Economics.” Challenge 45(6): 45-69. *Leslie McCall. 2005. “The complexity of intersectionality.” Signs 30(3): 1771-1800. *. 1994. Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint. London and New York: Routledge. Ch 1, “Feminist Theory and Political Economy,” pp. 15-50. *Lisa Saunders and William Darity, Jr. 2003. “Feminist Theory and Racial Economic Inequality,” in Marianne Ferber and Julie Nelson (eds.) Feminist Economics Today. Beyond Economic Man. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 101-114. (ed.) 1995. Gender and Economics. Northampton: Edward Elgar. Julie Nelson. 1996. Feminism, Objectivity and Economics. London and New York: Routledge.

II. Individuals and Groups (4 weeks)

A. Methodological Individualism, Preferences, & False Consciousness (1 week) George Akerlof. 1991. “Procrastination and Obedience.” The American Economic Review 81(2) 1-19.

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*. 1996. Accounting for Tastes. Cambridge: Press, Ch. 11, “Norms and the Formation of Preferences.” *Samuel Bowles. 1998. “Endogenous Preferences: The Cultural Consequences of Markets and Other Economic Institutions.” Journal of Economic Literature 36(1): 75-111. Samuel Bowles and . 2000. “Walraisan Economics in Retrospect.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 115(4): 1411-1439. Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis. 1993. “The Revenge of Homo Economicus: Contested Exchange and the Revival of Political Economy.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 7(1): 83-102. . 2010. “Choice, Habit and Evolution.” Journal of 20(1): 1-18. *Kuran, Timur. 1998. “Social mechanisms of dissonance reduction,” in Peter Hedström and Richard Swedberg (Eds.), Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 147-71. Available online. *Amartya Sen. 1977. “Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 6(4): 317-344.

B. Group Identity (1 week) *George A. Akerlof and Rachel E. Kranton. 2000. “Economics and Identity.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 115(3): 715-753. Alan Carling. 1991. “Ethnic Formation,” in Social Division. New York: Verso, pp. 315-345. *William Darity, Jr., Patrick Mason and James Stewart. 2006. “The economics of identity: The origin and persistence of racial identity norms.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 60: 283-305. W.E.B. Du Bois. 1971. The Seventh Son: The Thought and Writings of W.E.B. Dubois. Edited with an introduction by Julius. New York: Random House. Hanming Fang and Glenn Loury. 2005. “ ‘Dysfunctional Identites’ Can Be Rational.” American Economic Review 95(2): 104-111. Jayadev, Arjun and Sanjay Reddy. 2009. “Inequalities between Groups: Theory and Empirics.” World Development 39(2): 159-173. Glenn Loury. 1987. “Why Should We Care About Group Inequality,” in Ellen Frankel Paul, Fred D. Miller, Jr. Jeffrey Paul and John Ahrens (eds.) Equal Opportunity. New York: Basil Blackwell. *David Roediger. 1991. The Wages of Whiteness. Race and the Making of the American Working Class. London: Verso, “On Autobiography and Theory: An Introduction,” pp. 3-17.

C. Group Conflict & Collective Action (1 week)

Alesina, Alberto, Reza Baqir and William Easterly. 1999. “Public goods and ethnic divisions.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(4): 1243-1284. *Choi, Jung-Kyoo and Samuel Bowles. 2007. “The Coevolution of Parochial Altruism and War.” Science. 318(5850): 636-640. Diamond, Jared. 1997. Guns, Germs, and Steel. The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W.W. Norton. *Nancy Folbre. 1994. Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint. London and New York: Routledge. Ch 2, “Collective Action and Structures of Constraint,” pp. 51-90. *Russel Hardin. 1995. One for All. The Logic of Group Conflict. Princeton: Press, Chs. 2 & 3. *Jack Hirschleifer. 2001. The Dark Side of the Force. Economic Foundations of Conflict Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press, Ch. 1. Jack Knight. 1992. Institutions and Social Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anne Krueger. 1974. “The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society.” American Economic Review 64(3): 291-303. Elaine McCrate. 1988. "Gender Differences: The Role of Endogenous Preferences and Collective Action." American Economic Review 78, no. 2: 235-239. . 1971. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. *. 2000. “Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(3): 137-158. *John Roemer. 1978. “Neoclassicism, Marxism, and Collective Action.” Journal of Economic Issues 12(1): 147-161.

D. Evolutionary/Biological approaches to preferences and norms (1 week)

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Alberto Alesina, Paola Giuliano and Nathan Nunn. 2010. “The Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough.” Santa Fe Institute. Ashraf, Quamrul and Oded Galor. 2013. “The ‘Out of Africa’ Hypothesis, Human Genetic Diversity, and Comparative Economic Development.” American Economic Review. 103(1): 1-46. Gary Becker. 1976. “Altruism, Egoism, and Genetic Fitness: Economics and Sociobiology.” Journal of Economic Literature 14(3): 817-826. Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis. 2011. A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, Ch. 1, “A Cooperative Species” Leda Cosmides and John Tooby. 1994. “Better than Rational: and the Invisible Hand.” The American Economic Review 84(2): 327-332. Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, and Robert Kurzban. 2003. “Perceptions of Race.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7(4): 173-180. . 1997. Guns, Germs and Steel. The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W.W. Norton. *Diamond, Author’s summary: http://www.jareddiamond.org/Jared_Diamond/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel.html Economist, The. 2008. “Darwinism: Why we are, as we are,” December 20. Patricia Adair Gowaty (Ed.) 1997. Feminism and Evolutionary Biology. New York: Chapman & Hall. Sue Himmelweit. 2003. “An Evolutionary Approach to Feminist Economics: Two Different Models of Caring,” in Druscilla Barker and Edith Kuiper (eds.) Toward a Feminist Philosophy of Economics. London: Routledge, pp. 247-265. Tony Lawson. 2003. “An Evolutionary Economics? On Borrowing from Evolutionary Biology,” Chapter 5 in Reorienting Economics. London: Routledge. Pagano, Ugo. 2013. “Love, War and Cultures: An Institutional Approach to Human Evolution.” Journal of Bioeconomics 15(1): 41-66.

1. Gendered Preferences & Evolutionary Psychology Ingvil Almas, Alexander Cappelen, Kjell Salvanes, Erik Sorensen and Bertil Tungodden. 2012. “Explaining gender differences in competitiveness.” Santa Fe Institute *Cordelia Fine. 2017. “Promiscuous Men, Chaste Women and Other Gender Myths.” Scientific American 317(3): 32-37. Cordelia Fine. 2010. Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Differences. New York and London: WW Norton. *Uri Gneezy, Kenneth Leonard and John List. 2009. “Gender Differences in Competition: Evidence from a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society.” Econometrica 77(5): 1637-1664. *Nelson, Julie. 2016. “Not-so-strong evidence for gender differences in risk taking.” Feminist Economics 22(2): 114-42. Andrew Oswald and Nattavudh Powdthavee. 2010. “Daughters and Left-Wing Voting.” Review of Economics and Statistics 92(2): 213-227. Susan Pinker. 1998. The Sexual Paradox. Men, Women and the Real Gender Gap. New York: Scribner. *Judith Shulevitz. 2012. “Why Fathers Really Matter.” New York Times, Sept. 8. Griet Vandermassen. 2005. Who’s Afraid of Charles Darwin? Debating Feminism and Evolutionary Theory. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, Ch. 5, “Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology,” pp. 119-146.

III. Race/Ethnicity (3 weeks)

A. Accounts of Racial Inequality (2 weeks) Michelle Alexander. 2010. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press. George Borjas. 1995. “Ethnicity, Neighborhoods, and Human-Capital Externalities.” American Economic Review 85: 365-390. *Samuel Bowles, Glenn Loury and Rajiv Sethi. 2014. “Group Inequality.” Journal of the European Economic Association 12(1): 129-152. Edna Bonacich. 1972. “A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market.” American Sociological Review 37: 547-550. *Coates, Ta-Nahesi. 2015. “The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration.” Atlantic, 316(3): 60-84.

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William Darity, Jr. 1998. “Intergroup Disparity: Economic Theory and Social Science Evidence.” Southern Economic Journal 64(4): 805-826. *William Darity, Jr. 2005. “Stratification Economics: The Role of Intergroup Inequality.” Journal of Economic Finance 29(2): 144-153. W.A. Darity Jr., Jason Dietrich, and David K. Guilkey. 2001. “Persistent Advantage or Disadvantage?: Evidence in Support of the Intergenerational Drag Hypothesis.” The American Journal of Economics and 60.2 (April, 2001): 435-470. *William Darity, Jr. and Jessica Gordon Nembhard. 2000. “Racial and Ethnic Economic Inequality: The International Record.” The American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 90(2): 308-311. *Roland Fryer, Jr. 2010. “Racial Inequality in the 21st Century: The Declining Significance of Discrimination.” NBER Working Paper No. 16256. Arthur Goldsmith, Darrick Hamilton, and William Darity, Jr. 2007. "From Dark to Light: Skin Color and Wages Among African Americans" Journal of Human Resources 42(4):701-738. Glenn Loury. 2002. The Anatomy of Racial Inequality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. *Glenn Loury. 2004. “The Anatomy of Racial Inequality: The Author’s Account.” The Review of Black Political Economy 32(2): 75-88. Manning Marable. 2000. How Underdeveloped Black America, Second Edition. London: Pluto Press, pp. 1-130. Manning Marable. 1997. Black Liberation in Conservative America. Boston: South End Press. Section Six, “The New Racism,” pp. 185-205. David Roediger. 1991. The Wages of Whiteness. Race and the Making of the American Working Class. London: Verso. Roithmayr, Daria. 2014. Reproducing Racism: How Everday Choices Lock in White Advantage. New York: NYU Press. Introduction, chapters 1 & 4. Richard Rothstein. 2017. The Color of Law. A Forgotten History of How our Government Segregated America. New York and London: Liveright Publishing Corporation. *Richard Rothstein, “The Urban Poor Shall Inherit Poverty,” American Prospect, Jan/Feb. 2014, available at http://prospect.org/article/urban-poor-shall-inherit-poverty James Stewart. 2010. “Racial Identity Production Dynamics and Persisting Wealth Differentials: Integrating Neo-Institutionalist Perspectives into Stratification Economics.” Review of Black Political Economy 37: 217-222. William Julius Wilson. 1999. The Bridge Over the Racial Divide. Rising Inequality and Coalition Polices. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chapter 1, “Racial Antagonism and the Expanding Ranks of the Have- Nots,” and Chapter 2, “Global Economic Changes and the Limits of the Race Relations Vision.”

B. Genetic Differences (B&C 1 week) *Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis. 2002. “The Inheritance of Inequality.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(3): 3-30. *Byrd, W. Carson and Matthew W. Hughey. 2015. “Biological Determinism and Racial Essentialism: The ideological double helix of racial inequality.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 661(1): 8-22. James Heckman. 1995. “Lessons from the Bell Curve.” Journal of Political Economy 103(5): 1091-1120. Derek Neal and William Johnson. 1996. “The Role of Pre-Market Factors in Black-White Wage Differences.” Journal of Political Economy 104(5): 869-895. Charles Murray. 2012. Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960-2010. New York: Crown Forum. Orlando Patterson. 1997. The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America’s “Racial” Crisis. Washington, DC: Civitas/Counterpoint. Ch. 4, “For Whom the Bell Curves: The Intellectual and Cultural Contradictions of Genetic Determinism,” pp. 125-145. Mason, Patrick L. 1998. "Race, Cognitive Ability, and Wage Inequality." Challenge 41(3): 63-84.

C. Culture Robert Cherry. 1995. “The Culture-of-Poverty Thesis and African Americans: The Work of and Other Institutionalists.” Journal of Economic Issues 29(4): 1119-32. *Chua, Amy and Jed Rubenfeld. 2014. “What Drives Success?” , Opinion in the Sunday Review, Jan. 25. and a response to this perspective from the Atlantic: Khazan, Olga. 2014. “The problem with the triple package: Why immigrant parents aren’t superior.” the Atlantic, Jan. 28, 2014.

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William Darity, Jr. 2002. “Intergroup Disparity: Why Culture is Irrelevant.” The Review of Black Political Economy 29(4): 77-90. William Darity, Jr. and Rhonda Williams. 1985. “Peddlers Forever? Culture, Competition and Discrimination.” American Economic Review 75(2): 256-261. *Patrick Mason. 2010. “Culture and Intraracial Wage Inequality Among America’s African Diaspora.” American Economic Review Papers & Proceedings 100: 309-315. and Patricia Fernandez-Kelly. 2008. “No Margin for Error: Educational and Occupational Achievement among Disadvantaged Children of Immigrants.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 620(): 12-36. HaeRan Shin. 2008. “A New Insight into Urban Poverty: The Culture of Capability Poverty amongst Korean Immigrant Women in Los Angeles.” Urban Studies 45(4): 871-896. . 2002. “Discrimination, Economics and Culture,” in Abigail Thernstrom and Stephan Thernstrom (eds.) Beyond the Color Line. New Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. William Julius Wilson. 2010. “Why Both Social Structure and Culture Matter in a Holistic Analysis of Inner- City Poverty.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 629: 200-219.

D. Affirmative Action Barbara Bergmann. 1996. In Defense of Affirmative Action. New York: Basic Books. William Darity, Ashwini Deshpande, & Thomas Weisskopf. 2011. “Who Is Eligible? Should Affirmative Action Be Group- or Class-Based?” American Journal Of Economics And Sociology 70(1): 238-268. Roland Fryer, Jr. and Glenn Loury. 2010. “Valuing Identity: The Simple Economics of Affirmative Action Policies” NBER Working Paper No. 16568. Roland Fryer, Jr. and Glenn Loury. 2005. “Affirmative Action and Its Mythology.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 19(3): 147-162. Harry Holtzer and David Neumark. 2000. “Assessing Affirmative Action.” Journal of Economic Literature 38(3): 483-568. Orlando Patterson. 1997. The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America’s “Racial” Crisis. Washington, DC: Civitas/Counterpoint. Ch. 5, “Why We Still Need Affirmative Action,” pp. 147-169. Stephen Coates and Glenn Loury. 1993. “Will Affirmative Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?” American Economic Review 83(5): 1220-1240. Rothstein, J., & Yoon, A. 2008. “Affirmative Action in Law School Admissions: What Do Racial Preferences Do?” NBER Working Paper No. 14276. William Julius Wilson. 1999. The Bridge Over the Racial Divide. Rising Inequality and Coalition Polices. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chapter 4, “From ‘Racial Preference’ to Affirmative Opportunity.”

IV. Gender (3 weeks)

A. Theories of the Family . 1997. “Bargaining and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household.” Feminist Economics 3(1): 1-51. Becker, Gary. 1991. A Treatise on the Family. Enlarged Edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Carter, Michael R. and Elizabeth G. Katz. 1997. “Separate Spheres and the Conjugal Contract: Understanding the Impact of Gender-Biased Development,” in Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Developing Countries: Methods, Models and Policy, edited by Lawrence Haddad, John Hoddinott, Harold Alderman. Baltimore: Press. *Nancy Folbre. 1986. “Hearts and spades: Paradigms of household economics.” World Development 14(2): 245- 255. Nancy Folbre. 1982. “Exploitation Comes Home: A Critique of the Marxian Theory of Family Labor.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 6(4): 317-29. . 1981. “The Family as the Locus of Gender, Class, and Political Struggle: The Example of Housework.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 6(3): 366-94. *Katz, Elizabeth. 1997. “The Intra-Household Economics of Voice and Exit.” Feminist Economics 3(3): 25-46. Lundberg, S., and R.A. Pollak. 1993. “Separate Spheres Bargaining and the Marriage Market.” Journal of Political Economy 101(6): 988-1010.

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Manser, Marilyn and Murray Brown. 1980. “Marriage and Household Decision-Making: A Bargaining Analysis,” International Economic Review, 21(1): 31-44. Marjorie McElroy. 1990. “The Empirical Content of Nash-Bargained Household Behavior.” Journal of Human Resources 25(4): 559-83. Amartya Sen. 1990. “Gender and Cooperative Conflicts,” in Irene Tinker (ed.) Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development. New York and Oxford: . Quisumbing, Agnes R. 2003. “What Have We Learned from Research on Intrahousehold Allocation?” In Agnes R. Quisumbing (ed.) Household Decisions, Gender and Development: A Synthesis of Recent Research. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute.

B. Economics of Marriage M. V. Lee Badgett and Nancy Folbre. 2003. “Job Gendering: Occupational Choice and the Marriage Market.” Industrial Relations 42(2): 270-298. Christopher Brown and Randall Kesselring. 2006. “Declining marriage ratios of young black women: Testing alternative economic hypotheses.” Review of Black Political Economy 33(4): 27-48. *Darrick Hamilton, Arthur Goldsmith and William Darity. 2009. “Shedding ‘Light’ on Marriage: The Influence of Skin Shade on Marriage of Black Females.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 72(1): 30-50. Joseph Henrich, Robert Boyd and Peter J. Richerson. 2012. “The puzzle of monogamous marriage.” Philosopical Transactions of The Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 367: 657-669. *Shelly Lundberg and Robert A. Pollak. 2014. “Cohabitation and the Uneven Retreat from Marriage in the , 1950-2010,” in Leah Platt Boustan, Carola Frydman and Robert Margo, eds. Human Capital in History: The American Record. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 241-272. *Elaine McCrate,. 1987. “Trade, Merger and Employment: Economic Theory on Marriage.” Review of Radical Political Economics 19(1): 73-89. *Julie Nelson. 1994. “I, Thou, and Them: Capabilities, Altruism, and Norms in the Economics of Marriage.” American Economic Review 84, no. 2: 126-131.

C. Care Work & Social Reproduction Lee Badgett and Nancy Folbre. 1999. “Assigning Care: Gender Norms and Economic Outcomes.” International Labour Review 138(3): 311-26. Bhattacharya, Tithi. 2013. “What is social reproduction theory?” http://socialistworker.org/2013/09/10/what- is-social-reproduction-theory Gary Becker. 1981. “Altruism in the Family and Selfishness in the Market Place.” Economica 48(1): 1-15. Lourdes Benería. 1992. “Accounting for Unpaid Work: The Progress of Two Decades.” World Development 20(11): 1547-60. Lourdes Benería. 1999. “The Enduring Debate Over Unpaid Labour.” International Labour Review 138(3): 287- 209. *Elissa Braunstein, Irene Van Staveren and Daniele Tavani. 2011 “Embedding care and unpaid work in macroeconomic modeling: A structuralist approach.” Feminist Economics, 17(4): 5-31, 2011 *Nancy Folbre. 2012. “The Political Economy of Human Capital.” Review of Radical Political Economics 44(3): 281- 292. Nancy Folbre. 2008. Valuing Children: Rethinking the Economics of the Family. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press: Chapters 1&2 on “Conceptualizing the Costs of Children,” pp. 11-41. Nancy Folbre and Julie Nelson. 2002. “For Love or Money?” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(4): 123-40. *Nancy Folbre and . 2012. “Defining care,” in Nancy Folbre (ed.) For Love and Money: Care Provision in the United States. New York: , pp. 1-20. Sue Himmelweit. 1999. “Caring Labor.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 561(1): 27-38. *Barbara Laslett and Johanna Brenner. 1989. “Gender and Social Reproduction: Historical Perspectives.” Annual Review of Sociology 15: 381-404.

D. and Property Rights Bina Agarwal. 1994. A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Elissa Braunstein. 2014. “Patriarchy versus Islam: Gender and Religion in Economic Growth.” Feminist Economics 20(4), forthcoming. *Elissa Braunstein and Nancy Folbre. 2001. “To Honor and Obey: Efficiency, Inequality and Patriarchal Property Rights.” Feminist Economics 7(1): 25-44.

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Steven N. S. Cheung. 1972. “The Enforcement of Property Rights in Children, and the Marriage Contract.” Economic Journal 82(326): 641-57. and Nancy Folbre. 2003. “Contracting for Care,” in Marianne Ferber and Julie Nelson (eds.) Feminist Economics Today. Beyond Economic Man. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 61-79. *Rick Geddes and Dean Lueck. 2002. “The Gains from Self-Ownership and the Expansion of Women’s Rights.” American Economic Review 92(4): 1079-1092. *Lagerlof, Nls-Petter. 2010. Pacifying monogamy. Journal of Economic Growth 15(3): 235-262. Gerda Lerner. 1986. The Creation of Patriarchy. New York: Oxford University Press. *Kevin MacDonald. 1995. “The Establishment and Maintenance of Socially Imposed Monogamy in Western Europe.” Politics and Life Sciences 14(1): 3-23.

E. Macro & International

1. International Trade, Investment and Finance Benería, Lourdes. 2001. “Shifting the Risk: New Employment Patterns, Informalization, and Women’s Work.” International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 15(1): 27-53. Berik, Gunseli, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers, and Joseph E. Zveglich, Jr. 2004. “International Trade and Gender Wage Discrimination: Evidence from East Asia,” Review of 8(2), pp. 237- 254. Robert Blecker and Stephanie Seguino. 2002. “Macroeconomic Effects of Reducing Gender Wage Inequality in an Export-Oriented, Semi-industrialized Economy.” Review of Development Economics 6(1): 103-119. Gunseli Berik, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers and Stephanie Seguino. 2009. “Feminist Economics of Inequality, Development, and Growth.” Feminist Economics 15(3): 1-33. Elissa Braunstein. 2000. “Engendering Foreign Direct Investment: Family Structure, Labor Markets and International Capital Mobility.” World Development 28(7): 1157-1172. Braunstein, Elissa. 2008. “Making Policy Work for Women: Gender, Foreign Direct Investment, and Development,” in Gunseli Berik, Yana van der Meulen Rodgers and Ann Zammit (eds.) Social Justice and : Rethinking Development Strategies and Macroeconomic Policies, Routledge, 71-96. Braunstein, Elissa and James Heintz. “Gender Bias and Central Bank Policy: Employment and Inflation Reduction.” International Review of Applied Economics 22(2): 173-186. Braunstein, Elissa and Mark Brenner. 2007. “Foreign Direct Investment and Wages in Urban China: The Differences Between Women and Men.” Feminist Economics 13 (3/4), pp. 213-237. Cagatay, Nilufer. 2001. “Trade, Gender and Poverty.” UNDP Background Paper. New York: UNDP. Cagatay, Nilufer. 1996. “Gender and International Labor Standards in the World Economy.” Review of Radical Political Economics 28(3): 92-101. Nilufer Cagatay, Diane Elson & Caren Grown. 1995. “Introduction” World Development 23(11): 1827-1836. Nilufer Cagatay and Sule Ozler. 1995. “Feminization of the Labor Force: The Effects of Long-Term Development and Structural Adjustment.” World Development 23(11): 1883-94. Elson, Diane. 1996. “Appraising Recent Developments in the World Market for Nimble Fingers,” in Amrita Chhachhi and Renee Pittin (eds.) Confronting State, Capital and Patriarchy: Women’ Organizing in the Process of Industrialization. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc. Diane Elson. 1995. “Gender Awareness in Modeling Structural Adjustment.” World Development 23(11): 1851- 1868. Elson, Diane and Ruth Pearson. 1981. “Nimble Fingers Make Cheap Workers: An Analysis of Women’s Employment in Third World Export Manufacturing.” Feminist Review 7: 87- 107. William Darity, Jr. 1995. “The Formal Structure of a Gender-Segregated Low-Income Economy.” World Development 23(11): 1963-1968. Marzia Fontana and Adrian Wood. 2000. “Modeling the Effects of Trade on Women, at Work and at Home.” World Development 28(7): 1173-1190. Kabeer, Naila. 2004. “Globalization, Labor Standards, and Women’s Rights: Dilemmas of Collective (In)Action in an Interdependent World.” Feminist Economics 10(1): 3-35. Lim, Linda C. 1990. “Women’s Work in Export Factories: The Politics of a Cause,” in Irene Tinker (ed.) Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Stephanie Seguino. 2000.“The effects of structural change and economic liberalization on gender wage differentials in South Korea and Taiwan.” Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol.24, pp. 437–459. Guy Standing. 1999. “Global Feminization through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited.” World Development 27(3): 583-602. Irene van Staveren. 2012. “The Lehman Sisters Hypothesis: An Exploration of Literature and Bankers.” International Institute of Social Studies Working Paper No. 545.

2. Macro Policy & Growth Elissa Braunstein. 2012. Neoliberal Development : A Consideration of its Gendered Employment Effects, Gender and Development Programme Paper Number 14, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. Elissa Braunstein. 2008. “The Feminist Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society.” Journal of Economic Issues, 42(4): 1-21. David Dollar and Roberta Gatti. 1999. “Gender Inequality, Income and Growth: Are Good Times Good for Women?” World Bank Policy Research Report on Gender and Development Working Paper Series, No. 1. Elson, Diane. 1998. “Talking to the Boys: Gender and Economic Growth Models.” In Cecile Jackson and Ruth Pearson (eds.) Feminist Visions of Development: Gender, Analysis and Policy. London & New York: Routledge. Diane Elson and Nilufer Cagatay. 2000. “The Social Content of Macroeconomic Policies.” World Development 28(7): 1347-1364. Hill, M. Anne and Elizabeth M. King. 1995. “Women’s Education and Economic Well-Being.” Feminist Economics 1(2): 21-46. Klasen, Stephen. 1999. “Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development? Evidence from Cross- Country Regressions.” World Bank Policy Research Report on Gender and Development, Working Paper Series, No. 7. Klasen, Stephen. 2002. “Low Schooling for Girls, Slower Growth for All? Cross-Country Evidence on the Effect of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Development.” The World Bank Economic Review 16(3): 345-373. Korkut Erturk and Nilufer Cagatay. 1995. “Macroeconomic Consequences of Cyclical and Secular Changes in Feminization: An Experiment at Gendered Macromodeling.” World Development 23(11): 1969-1980. Stephanie Seguino. 2000. “Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis.” World Development 28(7): 1211-1230. Stephanie Seguino and Caren Grown. 2006. “Gender Equity and Globalization: Macroeconomic Policy for Developing Countries.” Journal of International Development 18(8): 1081-1104.

V. Race & Gender in Labor Economics (2 weeks) Randy Albelda, Robert Drago and Steven Shulman. Unlevel Playing Fields: Understanding Wage Inequality and Discrimination. New York: McGraw-Hill. *M.V. Lee Badgett. 2011. “Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation: A Review of the Literature in Economics and Beyond,” in Lourdes Beneria, Ann Mari May and Diana Strassman (eds.) Feminist Economics. Volume 2. Households, Paid and Unpaid Work, and the Care Economy. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, pp. 625-650. M.V. Lee Badgett. 1995. “The Wage Effects of Sexual Orientation Discrimination.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48(4): 726-739. Gary Becker. 1968. “Discrimination, Economic.” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 4: 208-10. Barbara Bergmann. 1974. “Occupational Segregation, Wages and Profits When Employers Discriminate by Race or Sex.” Eastern Economic Journal 1(2): 103-110. *William Darity, Jr. and Patrick Mason. 1998. “Evidence on Discrimination in Employment: Codes of Color, Codes of Gender.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(2): 63-90. *Arthur Goldsmith, William Darity, Jr., and Jonathan R. Veum. 1998. “Race, Cognitive Skills, Psychological Capital and Wages.” The Review of Black Political Economy 26(2): 9-21. Evelyn Nakano Glen. 1985. “Racial ethnic women’s labor: The intersection of race, gender and class oppression.” Review of Radical Political Economics 17(3): 86-108. Claudia Goldin. 1990. Understanding the Gender Gap. Oxford: Oxford University, Chs. 3 & 4. *Claudia Goldin. 2006. “The Quiet Revolution That Transformed Women’s Employment, Education, and Family.” AEA Papers and Proceedings 96(2): 1-21.

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*Arthur Goldsmith, Darrick Hamilton, and William Darity, Jr. 2007. "From Dark to Light: Skin Color and Wages Among African Americans" Journal of Human Resources, 42(4):701-738 . *Darrick Hamilton, Arthur Goldsmith, and William Darity, Jr. 2008. "Measuring the Wage Costs of Limited English: Issues with Using Interviewer Versus Self-Reports in Determining Latino Wages" Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences,30(3):257-279. Marlene Kim. 2002. “Has the Race Penalty Disappeared for Black Women in the United States.” Feminist Economics 8(2): 115-24. Joyce Jacobson. 2007. The Economics of Gender, Third Edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Ch 7 “Human Capital.” *Mason, Patrick L. 2007. “Intergenerational Mobility and Interracial Inequality: The Return to Family Values.” Industrial Relations 46(1): 51-80. *Mason, Patrick L. 2004. “Annual Income, Hourly Wages, and Identity among Mexican-Americans and Other Latinos.” Industrial Relations 43(4): 817-834. June O’Neill. 1990. “The Role of Human Capital Earning Differences Between Black and White Men.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 25-45. Pascale Joassart-Marcelli. 2009. “The Spatial Determinants of Wage Inequality: Evidence from Recent Latina Immigration in Southern California.” Feminist Economics 15(2): 33-72. John Roemer. 1979. “Divide and Conquer: Microfoundations of the Marxian Theory of Discrimination.” Bell Journal of Economics 10: 695-705. Jill Rubery. 2011. “Towards a gendering of the labour market regulation debate.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 35(6): 1103-1126. Kristin Schilt and Wiswall, Matthew. 2008. “Before and After: Gender Transitions, Human Capital, and Workplace Experiences.” The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy: Vol. 8 : Iss. 1 (Contributions), Article 39. Available at: http://www.bepress.com/bejeap/vol8/iss1/art39 Steven Shulman. 1989. “Controversies in the Marxian Analysis of Racial Discrimination.” Review of Radical Political Economics 21(4): 73-80 and Robert Cherry’s reply. Steven Shulman. 1996. “The Political Economy of Labor Market Discrimination: A Classroom-Friendly Presentation of the Theory.” Review of Black Political Economy 24(4): 47-64. *Erdal Tekin. 2008. “Discrimination,” in William Darity (ed.) International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 2, 2nd Edition. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, pp. 388-392. (Online version available through Morgan Library) *Rhonda Williams. 1995. “Consenting to Whiteness: Reflections on Race and Marxian Theories of Discrimination,” in Marxism in the postmodern age: Confronting the new world order. New York and London: Guilford Press, pp. 301-308.

If you are thinking about the 2016 US election: Bordo, Susan. 2017. “The Destruction of Hillary Clinton: , Sanders and the millenial feminists.” The Guardian, April 2. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/commentisfree/2017/apr/03/the- destruction-of-hillary-clinton-sexism-sanders-and-the-millennial-feminists. Coates, Ta-Nahesi. 2017. “The First White President.” Atlantic, 320(3): 74-87.

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