Toward Gender Equality: Progress and Bottlenecks
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Econ 771.001
ECON 771: Political Economy of Race and Gender Spring 2018 Dr. Elissa Braunstein Department of Economics, Colorado State University [email protected] Office: C327 Clark Office hours: T 1:00 – 2:00 (or by appointment) Overview I define political economy as “the study of the impact of group identity and collective conflict on the organization of economic activity and its consequences.” Political economy traditions tend to focus on class as a source of identity and group conflict. In this course, we will expand that focus to incorporate other sources of group membership, giving you a broad background in economic approaches to inequality and identity based on race/ethnicity and gender. We will focus primarily on the neoclassical, Marxian political economy and feminist literatures. In addition to learning more about the relationship between group membership and economic structures, we will use the prisms of race and gender to better understand and critique various approaches to economic analysis. And while much of the literature focuses on the U.S. context, I will try to broaden the discussion as often as possible, and encourage students to do the same. I welcome students from other social science disciplines. Although we will cover some advanced material that may be difficult for those who have not completed graduate economics courses, the emphasis will be on the main points, rather than the technical detail. The syllabus includes both required readings (*starred) and supplemental readings/sections as I wanted to give you a more complete sense of the literature if you are interested in looking further into a particular topic. -
The Revival of Economic Sociology
Chapter 1 The Revival of Economic Sociology MAURO F. G UILLEN´ , RANDALL COLLINS, PAULA ENGLAND, AND MARSHALL MEYER conomic sociology is staging a comeback after decades of rela- tive obscurity. Many of the issues explored by scholars today E mirror the original concerns of the discipline: sociology emerged in the first place as a science geared toward providing an institutionally informed and culturally rich understanding of eco- nomic life. Confronted with the profound social transformations of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the founders of so- ciological thought—Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Georg Simmel—explored the relationship between the economy and the larger society (Swedberg and Granovetter 1992). They examined the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services through the lenses of domination and power, solidarity and inequal- ity, structure and agency, and ideology and culture. The classics thus planted the seeds for the systematic study of social classes, gender, race, complex organizations, work and occupations, economic devel- opment, and culture as part of a unified sociological approach to eco- nomic life. Subsequent theoretical developments led scholars away from this originally unified approach. In the 1930s, Talcott Parsons rein- terpreted the classical heritage of economic sociology, clearly distin- guishing between economics (focused on the means of economic ac- tion, or what he called “the adaptive subsystem”) and sociology (focused on the value orientations underpinning economic action). Thus, sociologists were theoretically discouraged from participating 1 2 The New Economic Sociology in the economics-sociology dialogue—an exchange that, in any case, was not sought by economists. It was only when Parsons’s theory was challenged by the reality of the contentious 1960s (specifically, its emphasis on value consensus and system equilibration; see Granovet- ter 1990, and Zelizer, ch. -
Barbara, the Market, and the State Nancy Folbre
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Economics Department Faculty Publications Series Economics 1998 Barbara, the Market, and the State Nancy Folbre Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/econ_faculty_pubs Part of the Economic Theory Commons Recommended Citation Folbre, Nancy, "Barbara, the Market, and the State" (1998). Feminist Economics. 106. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/econ_faculty_pubs/106 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Economics Department Faculty Publications Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. B ARBARA, THE M ARKET, AND THE STATE Nancy Folbre ABSTRACT Some re ections, in poetry and prose, on Barbara Bergmann’s contributions to economic theory. KEYWORDS Bergmann, discrimination, child care, feminist theory A FAIRY TALE People say that, once upon a time, there was an emperor, Fond of silks and satins, vain to a fault, fearful that his naked parts Did not measure up, who employed many a tailor to construct A wondrous wardrobe that could make him look greater than he was. Yet he also wanted to seem good and kind and true because His authority rested on the consent of those he ruled. The emperor’s objective function, economists would describe As positive and decreasing in all Z goods related to his own appearance And consumption; picture an indifference curve describing combinations Of virtue and privilege that would equally suit; equilibrium depends On the relative price of both, the noble budget line, and hence, It matters that honesty is by far the most expensive good. -
Unconditional Basic Income
Interrogations #3, Sociology 929, Week 4, February 13, 2018 Unconditional Basic Income 1. Wendy Does basic income undermine access to necessary public goods? Based on the state of public services in the United States, combined with political dynamics on the local, state, and federal levels, I worry that if UBI is implemented in the United States, the program will take on a much more libertarian character. This problem is addressed in OCAP’s paper, “Basic Income: Progressive Dreams Meet Neoliberal Realities,” as well as Barbara Bergmann’s chapter in Redesigning Distribution, “A Swedish- Style Welfare State or Basic Income: Which should have priority?” UBI has already been discussed as a policy to advance the libertarian objective of abolishing most public services like education, healthcare, housing, and transportation (see a series of essays from the Cato Institute: https://www.cato-unbound.org/2014/08/04/matt-zwolinski/pragmatic-libertarian- case-basic-income-guarantee). As it stands in the United States, many public institutions are already weak, underfunded, and inefficient. Without a concerted effort to improve these institutions, the provision of a UBI could possibly allow many individuals to turn to private services- whether it is enrolling in a private school instead of a public school, finding a private healthcare service instead of going to the VA, or taking Ubers instead of buses and subways. Rather than moving towards socialism, the UBI could instead fuel the encroachment of capitalism on the goods we consider to be basic and necessary to everyday survival. Furthermore, I believe the tradeoff Bergmann sets up, between funding public services and funding the UBI will play a large role in some localities. -
Overcoming Stigma to Thrive
L. Sookram PhD. Victoria Osler CPWS Mary Ahern CPWS Jen Hazuka CPWS Introductions –Presenters and Panel (8- 10min) Slides and comments (1-9) to Panel (15- 20min) Panel (T-M-J) (10-10-10 min) Summarizing and Strategies (15-20min) Wrap-up questions (10 Min) Participants will : ◦ Learn how to Identify the experiences that led to personal biases about themselves and others with Mental Health Challenges (MHC) ◦ Hear the real life experiences of self stigma and recovery from a peer panel and ◦ Learn about strategies to manage self stigma (archaic ): a scar left by a hot iron : brand : a mark of shame or discredit An identifying mark or characteristic; specifically : a specific diagnostic sign of a disease Examples of stigma in a sentence There's a social stigma attached to receiving welfare. the stigma of slavery remained long after it had been abolished What is mental health stigma?: Mental health stigma can be divided into two distinct types: social stigma is characterized by prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behaviour directed towards individuals with mental health problems as a result of the psychiatric label they have been given. In contrast, perceived stigma or self-stigma is the internalizing by the mental health sufferer of their perceptions of discrimination (Link, Cullen, Struening & Shrout, 1989), and perceived stigma can significantly affect feelings of shame and lead to poorer treatment outcomes (Perlick, Rosenheck, Clarkin, Sirey et al., CLD Graham Ph.D. (2013 post). Mental Health and Stigma. Bias (ˈbaɪəs) n1. mental tendency or inclination, especially an irrational preference or prejudice 2. (Knitting & Sewing) a diagonal line or cut across the weave of a fabric A conviction that a point of view or belief is right for one’s life’s circumstances. -
A Feminist Critique of the Neoclassical Theory of the Family
Chapter 1 8 Karine S. Moe A Feminist Critique of with Equal Employment Opportunity laws. Hersch surveys the relevant laws that prohibit employment discrimination. Connecting economics and the legal context, she uses noteworthy cases to illustrate the arguments employed in the courtroom to the Neoclassical Theory of establish a legal finding of discrimination. the Family Love, commitment, work. The essays in this book illustrate how economics can lead to a better understanding of the balancing act in women's lives. The authors help Marianne A. Berber beginner readers of economics to understand how economics can be applied to realms outside of the marketplace. The essays also challenge more advanced readers to think critically about how women connect the domain of family and care to the domain of labor market work. Gary Becker's A Treatise on the family (1981) was published about 20 years ago, a culmination of much of his previous work.1 It has remained the centerpiece of neo- REFERENCES classical economic theory of the family ever since, and Becker has widely, albeit not entirely accurately, been considered "the father" of what is also widely referred to as Becker, Gary. 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2 Bergmann, Barbara R. 1995. "Becker's Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions." the "new home economics." Actually, the honor of pioneering research on and Feminist Economics I: 141-50. analysis of the household as an economic unit properly belongs mainly to Margaret Hersch, Joni and Leslie S. Stratton. 1994. "Housework, Wages, and the Division of Reid (1934), who in turn gave a great deal of credit to Hazel Kyrk, her teacher and 3 Housework Time for Employed Spouses." American Economic Review 84:120-5. -
What Is Economic Sociology and Should Any Economists Care?
What Is Economic Sociology and Should Any Economists Care? Robert Gibbons* Robert Gibbons is Sloan Distinguished Professor of Organizational Economics and Strategy, Sloan School of Management and Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. * I am grateful to Tim Taylor for helpful comments and to Jim Baron, Roberto Fernandez, Jim March, Joel Podolny, Jesper Sorensen, and Ezra Zuckerman for patient tutoring. 1 A couple years ago, two of my colleagues independently proposed approximately the same title for their respective contributions to a series of lunchtime talks: “Why Erving Goffman Is My Hero (and Should Be Yours, Too).” I emerged from these two lunches mightily impressed – both by Goffman’s (1959) insights into The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life and by the potential for Goffman’s micro-sociological research to inspire a major new research stream in behavioral game theory. In a similar spirit, I considered titling this introduction “Why Robert Merton Is My Hero,” but this approach seemed prone to at least two problems. First, explaining hero worship in a short space would probably require poetry, which is not my forte. Second, I feared that the title would be opaque to those economists who would immediately think of Robert C. Merton, the Nobel Laureate in financial economics, rather than his father Robert K. Merton, one of the great sociologists in the history of that discipline. I take the ideas in these papers and their underlying sociological literatures quite seriously. In fact, one sociologist friend recently declared that I have an “economist’s eye for the sociological guy.” More precisely, my interest is in economic sociology, which I will define as the sociology of economic actors and institutions; see the two Handbooks of Economic Sociology by Smelser and Swedberg (1994, forthcoming) for volumes of detail. -
Intersecting Inequalities: Four Essays on Race, Immigration, and Gender in the Contemporary United States
INTERSECTING INEQUALITIES: FOUR ESSAYS ON RACE, IMMIGRATION, AND GENDER IN THE CONTEMPORARY UNITED STATES by Emily K. Greenman A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Public Policy and Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2007 Doctoral Committee: Professor Yu Xie, Co-Chair Professor Mary E. Corcoran, Co-Chair Professor Sheldon H. Danziger Professor Pamela J. Smock © Emily K. Greenman 2007 To Mom and Dad, who have unfailingly supported my education from the earliest days. ii Acknowledgements I would like first to acknowledge the contributions of my advisor, Yu Xie, to Chapters 2 and 4, which will be published as coauthored papers. This dissertation was written with financial support from both the University of Michigan’s Population Studies Center and Rackham Graduate School. I was a trainee in both the Population Studies Center and the Quantitative Methodology Program at the University of Michigan during my graduate studies, and I have benefited greatly from the supportive and intellectually dynamic environments of both these programs. I owe great thanks to my committee, who couldn’t have been more generous with their support, time, and feedback. Pam Smock has always been able to make me think of my research from new directions and has helped me hone my critical thinking skills. Sheldon Danziger provided copious amounts of detailed and astute comments on my work, making sure that I wouldn’t be caught off guard by anything journal reviewers might have to say. A special thanks goes to Mary Corcoran, who recruited me into the joint Public Policy and Sociology doctoral program and who has been a continual source of support and encouragement ever since. -
Recipients of Asa Awards
APPENDIX 133 APPENDIX 11: RECIPIENTS OF ASA AWARDS MacIver Award 1956 E. Franklin Frazier, The Black Bourgeoisie (Free Press, 1957) 1957 no award given 1958 Reinhard Bendix, Work and Authority in Industry (Wiley, 1956) 1959 August B. Hollingshead and Frederick C. Redlich, Social Class and Mental Illness: A Community Study (Wiley, 1958) 1960 no award given 1961 Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Doubleday, 1959) 1962 Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Doubleday, 1960) 1963 Wilbert E. Moore, The Conduct of the Corporation (Random House, 1962) 1964 Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, The Political Systems of Empires (Free Press of Glencoe, 1963) 1965 William J. Goode, World Revolution and Family Patterns (Glencoe, 1963) 1966 John Porter, The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada (University of Toronto, 1965) 1967 Kai T. Erikson, Wayward Puritans (Wiley, 1966) 1968 Barrington Moore, Jr., Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Beacon, 1966) Sorokin Award 1968 Peter M. Blau, Otis Dudley Duncan, and Andrea Tyree, The American Occupational Structure (Wiley, 1967) 1969 William A. Gamson, Power and Discontent (Dorsey, 1968) 1970 Arthur L. Stinchcombe, Constructing Social Theories (Harcourt, Brace, & World, 1968) 1971 Robert W. Friedrichs, A Sociology of Sociology; and Harrison C. White, Chains of Opportunity: Systems Models of Mobility in Organization (Free Press, 1970) 1972 Eliot Freidson, Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge (Dodd, Mead, 1970) 1973 no award given 1974 Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (Basic, 1973); and Christopher Jencks, Inequality (Basic, 1972) 1975 Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System (Academic Press, 1974) 1976 Jeffrey Paige, Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the Underdeveloped World (Free Press, 1975); and Robert Bellah, The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial (Seabury Press, 1975) 1977 Kai T. -
Social Sciences $€ £ ¥
social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Segregation, Stereotypes, and STEM Sarah Thébaud and Maria Charles * Department of Sociology, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9430, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 May 2018; Accepted: 4 July 2018; Published: 9 July 2018 Abstract: Scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) occupations are strongholds of gender segregation in the contemporary United States. While many Americans regard this segregation as natural and inevitable, closer examination reveals a great deal of variability in the gendering of STEM fields across time, space, and demographic groups. This article assesses how different theoretical accounts accord with the available evidence on the gender composition of scientific and technical fields. We find most support for accounts that allow for a dynamic interplay between individual-level traits and the broader sociocultural environments in which they develop. The existing evidence suggests, in particular, that Western cultural stereotypes about the nature of STEM work and STEM workers and about the intrinsic qualities of men and women can be powerful drivers of individual aptitudes, aspirations, and affinities. We offer an illustrative catalog of stereotypes that support women’s STEM-avoidance and men’s STEM-affinity, and we conclude with some thoughts on policy implications. Keywords: gender; STEM; segregation; stereotypes; culture; work; occupations; science; inequality For more than three decades, American educators, policy makers, activists, and business leaders have engaged in research and policy initiatives to increase the presence of women and other underrepresented groups in scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) occupations and fields of study. These efforts have been motivated by interests in broadening opportunities in lucrative, high-status occupations and in ameliorating acute STEM labor shortages that are believed to threaten national prosperity, private profits and the public welfare. -
The Revival of Economic Sociology Chapter Author(S): Mauro F
Russell Sage Foundation Chapter Title: The Revival of Economic Sociology Chapter Author(s): Mauro F. Guillén, Randall Collins, Paula England and Marshall Meyer Book Title: New Economic Sociology, The Book Subtitle: Developments in an Emerging Field Book Editor(s): Mauro F. Guillén, Randall Collins, Paula England, Marshall Meyer Published by: Russell Sage Foundation. (2002) Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610442602.5 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Russell Sage Foundation is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to New Economic Sociology, The This content downloaded from 68.8.44.142 on Sat, 14 Mar 2020 00:04:00 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Chapter 1 The Revival of Economic Sociology MAURO F. G UILLEN´ , RANDALL COLLINS, PAULA ENGLAND, AND MARSHALL MEYER conomic sociology is staging a comeback after decades of rela- tive obscurity. Many of the issues explored by scholars today E mirror the original concerns of the discipline: sociology emerged in the first place as a science geared toward providing an institutionally informed and culturally rich understanding of eco- nomic life. Confronted with the profound social transformations of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the founders of so- ciological thought—Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Georg Simmel—explored the relationship between the economy and the larger society (Swedberg and Granovetter 1992). -
American Economic Association
American Economic Association A Sociological Perspective on Gender and Career Outcomes Author(s): Barbara F. Reskin and Denise D. Bielby Source: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter, 2005), pp. 71-86 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4134993 Accessed: 10/01/2009 17:54 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aea. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Economic Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Economic Perspectives.