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Rapid Needs Assessment 24-25 April 2019 Buzi District, Sofala Province, Mozambique

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Rapid Needs Assessment 24-25 April 2019 Buzi District, Sofala Province, Mozambique GOAL & local partner enumerators from Hilfwerk discussing impact of cyclone Idai with community leaders (Pic. Gilberto HWI) Rapid Needs Assessment 24-25 April 2019 Buzi District, Sofala Province, Mozambique 1 Introduction Cyclone Idai made landfall in Mozambique on Thursday 14th March 20191. Strong winds and widespread flooding damaged roads, bridges, houses, schools and health facilities and submerged large areas of agricultural land2. This cyclone was possibly the worst weather-related disaster to ever hit the southern hemisphere3. Widespread damage was reported in Beira City and throughout Sofala province4. The Government of the Republic of Mozambique reported that the official death toll stood at 603 (as of 22 April 2019); 73,000 people found shelter in 65 accommodation centres across Manica, Sofala, Tete, and Zambézia provinces5;1.85 million people were in need of assistance, 239,700 houses damaged or destroyed and 1.77 million acres of crops damaged or destroyed6. Health actors had reported more than 6,600 cholera cases and eight cholera-related deaths, in Mozambique as of April 22, and approximately 14,900 malaria cases in Sofala’s Beira city, and Buzi, Dondo, and Nhamatanda districts as of April 237. The Rapid Needs Assessment was conducted in mainly coastal villages within Buzi District in Sofala Province. The district is located in the southeast of the province, and borders with Nhamatanda District in the north, Dondo District in the northeast, Machanga District in the south, Chibabava District in the southwest, Sussundenga District of Manica Province in the west, and with Gondola District of Manica Province in the northwest. The area of the district is 7,329 square kilometres (2,830 sq mi). It has a population of 159,614 as of 20078. Access is mainly by boat as roads and tracks are often impassable. Objectives of tHe Needs Assessment The rapid needs assessment was undertaken in order to better understand the needs of remote and hard to access communities impacted by cyclone Idai in South Buzi, Sofala Province. The intention is to utilize the data as a foundation for the planning of interventions in shelter and WASH sectors. The assessment was designed to gather information of how selected households were impacted by the cyclone with a focus on housing level destruction and WASH. Data was also collected on health, livelihoods and levels of assistance received, in recognition that the cyclone had impacted on communities in multiple ways and across a number of levels. Goal will use the assessment as a tool to inform programming options. Data from the assessment will be used in conjunction with information from a range of stakeholders including clusters, partners, community and government authorities. Together this 1https://www.actionaid.org.uk/blog/news/2019/03/27/cyclone-idai-latest-facts-and-information accessed 2 May 2019 2 Ibid 3 Ibid 4 Ibid 5https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/cyclone_idai_fs09_04-25-2019.pdf accessed 2 May 2019 6 Ibid 7 Ibid 8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzi_District accessed 2 May 2019 2 information will be used to determine type, detail and locations of interventions. In addition, the assessment will feed in to a range of ongoing assessments undertaken across a number of sectors by NGOs, aid agencies and government authorities. Assessments have been coordinated through the UN cluster system to ensure coverage and to limit overlap. Methodology The Rapid Needs Assessment questionnaire was built in CommCare (https://www.commcarehq.org/) with questions and introductory statements translated in to the local language (Ndau) to enhance accuracy, understanding and community acceptance, then uploaded into mobile phones and/or tablets for data collection. Using digital data collection ensures a higher quality of data and reduces errors or missing data. The Needs Assessment took place on 24 – 25 April 2019 covering the villages of Barada, Bue, Thungo, Nhanvuo, Nova Sofala Chiconjo and Nova Sofala Danga in Buzi District of Sofala Province. Community selection was purposely made in consultation with local NGO, Hilfwerk Mozambique, which has longstanding and respected links with the selected communities. Communication, introductions, data gathering, and explanations were managed by Hilfwerk. No specific sampling was implemented in the villages; as many households were visited as was possible in the days allocated for data collection. Enumerators chose households to interview at random by interviewing one household, skipping one and interviewing the next household. In addition to the rapid needs assessment, a discussion was conducted with village leaders of four communities who gave an overview of the situation of their villages. Data was then exported from CommCare into excel, cleaned and analysed using excel. Needs Assessment Results DemograpHics of sample A total of 115 respondents were interviewed, which represented 115 households. Table 1: Demographics of the sampled households (N=115) Total Average Minimum Maximum Under 2 years 77 0.7 0 3 2 – 17 years 284 2.5 0 14 18 – 60 years 298 2.6 0 9 Over 60 years 42 0.4 0 3 Total in respondents’ households 688 6.0 0 22 People with disability 14 0.1 0 2 Pregnant and lactating women 50 0.4 0 3 People with chronic illness 39 0.3 0 2 3 Displacement Of the total respondents 99.1% (n=114) reported that their house was damaged by the cyclone. This was corroborated by discussions with the community leaders who said that 100% of the households had suffered some kind of damage from the cyclone winds. Table 2: Level of damage caused by cyclone Idai to respondents’ houses Level destruction # % Major destruction 7 6.1% Partial destruction 28 24.6% Total destruction 79 69.3% Total 114 100% Sleeping areas damaged 111 97.4% Cooking areas damaged 105 92.1% Of the total 114 houses that were damaged, the walls were primarily constructed of the following: Table 3: Construction materials used for the walls of respondents’ houses Wall construction material % # Cement 7.9% 9 Mix of items 10.5% 12 Wood 1.8% 2 Other (not specified) 79.8% 91 Total 100% 114 From the enumerators observations the ‘other’ main construction materials used for walls were stakes and clay. Of the total 114 houses that were damaged, the roof was primarily constructed of the following: Table 4: Construction materials used for the roofs of respondents’ houses Roof construction material % # Cement sheet roofing 15.8% 18 Corrugated tin 29.8% 34 Corrugated tin/hay/straw 0.9% 1 Hay/straw 23.7% 27 Other (not specified) 28.9% 33 No damage 0.9% 1 Total 100% 114 From the enumerators observations the ‘other’ main construction materials used for roofs were coconut tree branches. Of the 114 respondents who stated that their house was damaged 72.8% (n=83) indicated that ‘yes’ they were living in the same home they lived in before the cyclone; 27.2% (n=31) indicated they weren’t. 4 Of the 31 respondents who were not living in their house due to damage 90.3% (n=28) indicated they are living ‘outside next to damaged house’ and 9.7% (n=3) are living with friends or family. In the next 3 months those not living in their house indicated: Table 5: Respondents’ plans for the coming three months in relation to rebuilding and availability of building materials % # Materials to build/repair available locally Build a new house in the previous location 90.4% 28 89.3% (n=25) stated ‘yes’ Continue to live with friends and family 3.2% 1 100% (n=1) stated ‘yes’ Move to a new location 3.2% 1 100% (n=1) stated ‘no’ Repair and move back to house 3.2% 1 100% (n=1) stated ‘yes’ Total 100% 31 - Economics/LiveliHoods Table 6: Coping strategies applied in the last seven days (N=115) Average Min Max # # % days households households How many days did the household 3.7 0 7 0 13 11.3% members restrict food 1 13 11.3% consumption by adults 2 17 14.8% 3 19 16.5% 4 7 6.1% 5 11 9.6% 6 3 2.6% 7 32 27.8% How many days did the household 3.1 0 7 0 7 6.1% members reduce meals per day 1 35 30.4% 2 38 33.0% 3 1 0.9% 4 - 5 - 6 1 0.9% 7 33 28.7% Respondents were asked how far away the nearest functioning shop for food was and how long (in minutes) it took to get there on foot: Table 7: Distance and time taken (in minutes) to the nearest functioning shop for food Distance # % Average Minimum Maximum time in minutes Less than 1km 78 67.8% 27 2 60 1km to less than 2km 17 14.8% 61 20 120 2km to less than 3km 3 2.6% 85 60 120 3km to less than 4km 2 1.7% 72.5 70 75 5km or more 15 13.0% 345 90 510 Total 115 100% - - - 5 Of the total respondents 99.1% (n=114) reported that their crops/farmland was damaged by the cyclone. 89.5% (n=102) reported that it was completely destroyed, and 10.5% (n=12) reported that 50-100% was destroyed. Table 8: Crops damaged by cyclone Idai as reported by the survey respondents EnglisH Portuguese # % Rice Arroz 109 95.6% Manioc/Cassava Mandioca 34 29.8% Other (not stated) Others 4 3.5% Sorgum Mapira 3 2.7% Sweet potato Batata Doce 17 14.9% Coconut Coqueiro 5 4.4% Maize Milho 4 3.5% Vegetables (garden) Horticulas 8 7.0% Beans/Pulses Feijoes 2 1.8% Pearl millet Maxoeira 2 1.8% Fruit Trees - 3 2.7% 77.4% (n=89) of the total respondents (N=115) indicated that they lost livestock as indicated below: Table 9: Livestock lost during cyclone Idai as reported by the survey respondents Livestock lost # % Cattle 7 7.7% Goats 19 21.3% Sheep 6 6.7% Poultry 70 78.7% Other 4 4.5% WASH Table 10: The main sources of drinking water for the respondents’ households before and after cyclone Idai Source Before cyclone After cyclone # % # % Handpump/borehole - private 24 20.9% 27 23.5% Handpump/borehole - public 63 54.8% 63 54.8% Spring or well - protected 3 2.6% 4 3.5% Spring or well - unprotected 25 21.7% 21 18.2% Total 115 100% 115 100% Only 52 (45.2%) of the respondents (N=115) indicated that their household’s main drinking water source was damaged by the cyclone.
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