trNCFJANTING THT IMAG I NATION ln TheLion, TheWitch and the Wardrobe,the first book writerJ.R.R.Tolkien; the two men began Lewiswrote aboutNarnia, four British children aresent a writing-and-discussiongroup called to live with an old professorduring the bombings the Inklings. Tolkien and other Inklings of London in World War II. Each of the children is a played alargerole in helpingLewis came little like all of us: Lucy has a childlike trust and the face-to-facewith the claimsof the Gospel wonder of innocence,Edmund carriesthe resentment ofJesusChrist. As a Christianapologist, and one-upmanshipof ordinary selfishness,Susan Lewis wrote some of the 20th century's representsthe skepticismof the almost-grown,and Peter most important books on faith (The showsthe impartialityand valor to which eachof us Screw tape Letter s, MereChristianity, longs to be called. SutyrisedbyJoy, The Great Divorce) as c.s. tEwls ATHts DESK StorySummary THE LEWISFAMILY WARDROBE well as the sevenNarnia Chronicles. While exploringthe house,Lucy the youngest,climbs through a magicwardrobe Why Did Lewis Write the Chronicles? into Narnia,a land of talking animalsand m;,thicalcreatures who areunder the Lewis himselfstated that the taleswere not allegoriesand thereforeshould not evil White Witch'sspell of endlesswinter. When Lucy returns,her brothersand be "decoded."He preferredto think of them as "supposals,"as he explainedin 'supposing sisterdont believeher tale.Edmund entersNarnia a few dayslater and meetsthe this letter to a young woman namedAnne: "I askedmyself, that White Witch, who feedshim TurkishDelight and promisesto makehim a prince therereally was a world like Narnia and supposingit had (like our world) gone of Narnia if he will bring his siblingsto her. Shesecretly wishes to kill them, wrong and supposingChrist wantedto go into that world and saveit (asHe becausean ancientrhlme saysthat the evil time of the White Witch will end did ours) what might havehappened?' The storiesare my answers.Since when four humanssit on the four thronesof Narnia.All four children enterNarnia Narnia is a world of TalkingBeasts, I thought He would becomea Talking togetherand hearabout Aslan, the greatlion, who will end the evil spell and make Beastthere, as He becamea man here.I picturedHim becominga lion there thingsright. Eagerfor more TurkishDelight, Edmund slipsaway and betrayshis because(a) the lion is supposedto be the king of beasts;(b) Christ is called 'The siblingsto the White Witch. Lion of Judah'in the Bible; (c) I'd beenhaving srrange dreams about lions when I beganwriting the work." When Aslanappears, the White Witch claimsEdmund's life, citing the Deep "Remember your Magic of Narnia that sentencestraitors to death.Aslan offershis own life in fairy tales. Spells Pastthe Watchful Dragons placeof Edmund's,allowing himself to be killed and unlocking a DeeperMagic are used for Suchsupposals help to sneakpast the internal "death by which Aslancomes back to life and makes startworking backwards." breaking "watchful dragons"that so thoroughlysnuffed the Ultimately,the witch is killed, Narnia is releasedfrom her deadlyspell, and enchantments as life out of Lewis'early experience of faith. Lewis the children are crowned as kings and queensof the happy land. well as for inducing understoodthat learningbegins in the imagination, (IrLore detailson panels5-6,) thern. And you and where thought and experiencecome together. I have need of the Who was C.S. Lewis? What the Chroniclesdo better than much children's strongest spell that Born Clive Stapleson November29, 1898,Lewis literatureis this: They createin us a desirefor God. can be found to declaredat agefour that he wished to be calledJacksie; Through the enjoymentand experienceof meeting wake us from the in his teens,he becameJack.After the devastatingdeath and following a king like Aslan,we can be better evil enchantment of his mother when Lewiswas only nine, young preparedto recognizethe realitiesof the Christian Jack of worldliness...." endureda seriesof horrible boardingschool experiences faith. Additionally, the Chroniclesare suides to --4's'LEWfs' THE wilaHr oF GLow during which he rejectedfaith and becamean atheist. assistus in growing up in Christ. The adventures Later,during his careeras an Oxford professorof English and challengesfaced in Narnia grow in complexityappropriate to a maturing C.S.LEWIS WIIH TOY languageand literature,Lewis met a lifelong friend in Christianlife. IVrLCOMr Tf NAF::NIA --4-< f Nilrni..r is the rvonclerful rl,orlcl crcatccl rl lHl N\)Rl I i nu'rurlifu->,- or-rtof nothing lLrythe song of Aslan. lts - r \Nf-:. -NORrrr r rl * in halri tan ts i n cl uclc talki n g bcasts, rl,vthical \N\L Island located one day's creatLues,hurnans, ancl one evil r,r'itclr. voyagenorth of Cair Paravel; All the chroniclecl cvcnts that ckr not takc F its inhabitants are lamous for NARNIA LIrln5m(lOI- place in our rvorlcl (Lonclon, Engiancl their seafaringexpertise. arouncl 1940) takc place in Nilrnia.

BiverShribb/e Island southeastof Galma containing one city lnhabitecl b1,giants. thcsc lanclsarc honre to Ilarfing. castlc of bzrclgizmls. Shi{tsHome Stablc Hill t2a0Snatiep/ Group of isiands forming tl-re t,rncivilizccl colrntrv borclcring \\,cstcnl -tLL__MAR.a third stop on the Dawn f-Da Narnia; c-ontninsa garclerr r.r'itha plccious t,l Treader\ voyage. teTeDtnrnta apple trcer. I tt \- 6

Three islands on the edge Thc crty ernclcastlc liom r.vhich Narnie of civilization; the fourth is mlccl cluring the Co]clen Agc ol'Narnia, stop on the Dawn thc place rvhere Aslan crowns the [bur Treader\voyage. Pevensiechilclrcn.

Mt.Pire F:rr bcyoncl thc rvestern InoLlntainslics I tftclr,'ttt,' ,'l tlt, teitlittg,l)ir;lt( \ ll,ln rrur I \\rrrlrl\\ltu -ttrtrtbl,tl irtl,, ltlttter 1l1li,trgh I a c:rve, fherr clescenclants,the Tclmarincs, Dragonlsland TheTall wave* invacleclNalnia. driving out the Olcl ^ Dealhwate,lsland Rr -bi;;bRrrrnl h, t2 Nl'nians ancl ruling r Nerv Narnia in r,r,hiclr o{the Duffles r)l-:'\ Oland thc truth about Aslan is mostlv lirrgollcu. '<-oFLN lsland 1\-\" *Dark Ramandu's6- lsland Lilies TJre1r'ienclly countryjust sor.rlhoI Narrria is ruleclb1' King I-une. FrccpL seaPeoPle Tehishbaan Norro sca e la lirr the C:rlornrcne inversion in T/rc Hor.sc -4* _\n tnd His Rov. Archenlancl is a salc'zucl peacelul place. s CALORMEN First inhabirccl bv outlar.vsliour r\rchcnlatrd. Calormen is arr urrpreirs:rrrr crnplrc lirll o[ rvarlike peoplc r,vho scek iloa @ Teebeth to enslavr othcrs. I'he Calomrcnes clo I nol rccognize Aslan. but in-stcircllrrrrship # Cottageo{ Arsheesh a clemon cal]ed'Iash. I ' :::1i,,:r: ' ttit-,,i.tt;r;:rrli' i frllrl: iiri . ,riiLlt li, "ilr[] .: ':rilritl] I '[] . , T I l:'irrr'l I trt llt, jit;i,i:l 1.,L 1: ir , ,,it,iir I

l THr Gosrcl rNTHE LroN, THE WrcH €rTHyWAnpxonr ln Narnia Inthe bible ln Narnia InThe bible r 1. The land of Narnia and The creationwaits in eager r 5. Aslan choosesto die in In fact, the law requiresthat nearly its inhabitants have been expectationfor the sonsof God to be Edmund's place, allowing him to everything be cleansedwith blood,and under the control of the evil revealed.For the creationwas go free, which satisfies the White without the sheddingof blood thereis no White Witch for a long subjected to frustr ation, not by its Witch's claims on Edmund's life. forgiveness. (Hennrws 9: 22) time, yet the Narnians know own choice,butby the will of the But Goddemonstrates his own lovefor us that somedayAslan will onewho subjectedit, inhope that in {his:While we werestill sinners,"Christ deliver them and set the creationitself will be liberated diedfor us. (RoneNs5:8) everythingback to right. from its bondageto decayand broughtinto the glorious of Jreedom t 6. Aslan willingly goes to the ...hewas led as a sheepto slaughter;and as the children of God.. White Witch's camp and allows a lambbeJore its shearer is (RoraNs 8:19-2L) himself to be mocked, shaved,and silent,so he doesnot open' humiliated by her followers. hismouth. (Acrs 8:32 ) r 2. The White Witch calls Yousaid in your heart, "I will herselfthe queenof Narnia ascendto heaven:I will raisemy r 7. Aslan'swilling deathsets Narnia Christ redeemedus from the and demands obedience. throneaboye the starsof God;I will and Edmund free, therebydestroying curseof the law by becoming Sheis beautiful,proud, and sit enthronedon the mount of the Witch's plans.The DeeperMagic a cursefor us,for it is scheming. She will not allow assembly,on the utmost heightsof at work states:"When a willing victim written: "Cursedis etteryone . the name of Aslan to be the sacredmountain. I will &scend who had committed no treacherywas who is hung on a tree." mentioned;she is sure that aboyethe topsof the clouds;I will killed in a traitor'sstead, the Table (Ger-qrnNs3:13) she will be victorious over mahemyself lihe the Most High." would crack and Death itself would Aslan bv her treacherv. (Isaun14:13-14) start working backward."Through For he has rescuedus from the dominion oJ ...Satanhimselfmasquerades qs an Aslan'sdeath, the power of sin and darhnessand brought us into the hingdom of angelof light. (2 CoruruHm,NsI I: 14) deathis broken.Aslan's resurrection the Sonhe loyes,in whom we hayeredemption, restorespeace and freedom. theforgiv enesso/ sins. (ColossnNs I :14*14) I 3. The White Witch When tempted,no-one should say, deceivesEdmund by "Godis temptingme."For God I 8. Aslan restoresEdmund to his For I will Jorgivetheir wichednessand will offering him what he most cannotbe temptedby evil, nor does siblings and tells them there is no remembertheir sinsno more. (Hmnews 8:12) wants (Tirrkish Delight) and he tempt anyone;but eachone is need to discussEdmund's crime promising to make him the temptedwhen, by his own evil becauseit is in the Dast. king of Narnia. Edmund's desire,he is draggedaway and resentment toward his enticed.(Jews 1:13,14 ) r 9. Peter,Susan, Edmund, and To him who oyercomes,I will give the right to siblings, his greed, and his Lucy are made kings and queens sit with me on my throne, just as I oyercame pride causehim to betray of Narnia and placed on thrones and sat down with my Father on his throne. (Rrvrlurol his brother and sisters. in the palaceat Cair Paravel. 3:21) You haye mqde them to be a hingdom and r 4. Edmund's treachery For the wagesof sin is death,but the prieststo sewe our God,and they will reign violates the law of Deep gift of God is etnnql liJein Christ on the earth. (REvu-cloN 5:10) Magic that was set in place Jesusour Lord. (Rouerus6:23) when Narnia was created. Whennine-year-old Laurence became worried that he lovedAslan more than lesus, Be selJ-controlledand alert. Your The penalty is death. The enemythe devilprowls aroundlilee his motherwrote to Lewisand receivedthis reply:"Laurence can't reallylove Aslan White Witch claims Edmund a roaring lion loohing someone morcthan Jesus,even if he feelsthat's what he is doing.For the thingshe loves as her rightful property for to devour.(1 PErEn5:8) Aslanfor doingor sayingare simplythe thingslesus reallydid and said.So that eager to put him to death. whenLaurence thinks he is lovingAslan, he is rcallyloving Jesus: and perhapsloving Himmorc than he ever did before.tt4,S. Lrwrs"Lenens rc CnLonrn,lsrrrn ro Mns,K Tnr HIDDtrNSroRY The Chroniclesof Narnia,by Britishauthor C.S.Lewis, have captivated millions of imaginations.On the surface,the seven-bookseries tells the history of the enchantingworld of Narnia,created by Aslanthe Lion, the True King. Creaturesfrom our world-mainly children-tumble into and out of Narnia, meetingall kinds of mythical beingsand talking animals, and having adventures that bring them into deeper relationship with the True King and with each other. On a deeper level, the Chroni'cles offer weighty spiritual truths that help us recognize God's presencein our own world. lf you continueto lovelesus, nothing much can go wrong with you,and I hopeyou mayalways do so. I'm so thankful you realized[thel 'hiddenstory' in the Narnianbooks. lt is odd,children nearly always do, grown.upshardly ever. --C.S. Lrws, LmERsro CHtLDREtt,lmenm Ruu, 1963 THtr CHARACTtrR5OT NARNIA

5ON5 OF ADAM, DAIJGI-JTERsOT trVT Peterthe Magnificent.Peter proves to be afterbeing tricked by a magicianinto a humble,brave, and loyal leader. trying on a magicring. Adventurous "Youcome of the Lod Adamand the his siblingslead him to betraythem to Polly witnessesthe creationof Narnia Eustace Scrubb A cousinto the LadyEve. And that is bothhonor the White Witch. After Aslangives his and provesherself a smartand loyal poorest Pevensies,Eustace is a self-centered, enoughto ercctthe headof the own life in exchangefor Edmund's,the friend to Digory and to Narnia. beggarand shame enough to bowthe obnoxiousboy who irritateseveryone boy growsinto a fair and courageous Digory Kirke The shouldersof thegreatest emperur in leaderas King Edmund theJust. until Aslan transformshim. A much- secondhuman to enter earth.Be content." improvedEustace returns to Narnia -AsrAN, Susan Pevensie As the oldestgirl, the Wood Betweenthe PRiNcrCaspmlt twice more withJill Pole,finally entering Susantakes on the role of absentmother, Worlds,and also catalyst Aslan'sCountry as a Friend of Narnia. for introduction Lucy Pevensie Theyoungest worrying aboutsandwiches and coatsand the of evil in Narnia.Digory Pevensie,tender-hearted Lucy has the being right. Susanseems to enjoy her Jill Pole A schoolmateto Eustace,Jill acceptshis responsibility honor of enteringNarnia first. Selfless Narnian adventuresless than the others, entersNarnia first through the boy's to help right the wrong Lucy is alsothe first to seeAslan and but her kind-heartednessis at the base kindness.After her initial fear is PROF.KIRKPATRICK, INSPIRATIONFOR he started,and eventually becomesone his closestfriends, earning of her title, QueenSusan the Gentle. overcomeby Aslan,Jill takesan DIGORY'S growsinto the kind and the title of Lucy the Valiant. important role in rescuingPrince Rilian GHARACTER Queen Peter Pevensie The oldestof the four wiseprofessor with and becomesa loyal Friend of Narnia. Edmund Pevensie Edmundis the Pevensiechildren, Peter is kind and fair whom the Pevensiechildren are staying third Pevensiechild; his greed, to his siblings.He is namedHigh King of Polly Plumffi€r The first humanto when they step through the wardrobe. resentment,and desirefor power over Narnia by Aslan;he's also known as King enter the Wood Betweenthe Worlds

NARNIANS The White Witch The evil "Toseek honor unselfishly and to witch who rules Narnia lor 100 behavehonorably may be saidto be one years.during which time it is definitionof a trueNarnian." alwayswinter. but never Christmas.Also known as -Peul FoRn,ColparuroN ro NARNTA Jadis, last queenof a world calledCharn, Tumnus The first NarnianLucy the witch believesall beingsare as meets,Tumnus the faun invites the she is-hungry for power, ruthless, "daughterof Eve" home for tea, andselfish. She succeeds in intending to kidnap her. He finds temptingEdmund to betrayhis famil;1but fails in the end because himself unable to turn her over to the she cannotunderstand the Deeper White Witch, evenunder threatof death. Magic by which Aslan buys back At the children'scoronation, Tumnus is Edmund'slife. rewardedfor his Ioyalty and friendship.

Theword means I A faunhas the upperbody of a humanand the I "iadis" "witch" I lowerbody of a goat. I in Persian. Aslan Caspian (the Tenth) Telmarine Bree & Hwin Talking horses of who becomesking of Narnia after Narnia enslavedin Calormen, both "Let us suppo$ethat therewere a landlike Narniaand that the Sonof God,as He defeating his wicked uncle Miraz in convince their humans to journey becamea Manin ourworld, became a lion there,and then imagine what would the War of Deliverance and leading the north to Narnia and face many happen.tt-c.s. Lnwrs voyage of the Dawn Treader,journeying adventuresalong the way. Bree is a The GreatLion, King and Creatorof Narnia (and of all the worlds); son of the bravely to the World's End. His rule is proud and fierce war-horse who thinks Emperor-Beyond-the-Sea,and the Lord of all. Aslan is the only characterin all seven just and peaceful. too highly of himself; Hwin is gentle Chronicles;they are really his story and easily put down. Both learn much Reepicheep Clear-headed, While not an exactparallel forJesus, about friendship and courage. courageous,and loyal talking mouse Further Up and Further In the characterof Aslan createsa picture who fights for Caspian,Aslan, and OId Puddleglum Marsh-wiggle Afterthe last battlefor Narnia, and an experienceof an all-powerful (taller allthe humansand the talking and loving Saviorwho is goodbut not Narnia and explores the ends of the and thinner than a man, with' beastswho have loved Aslan necessarily"safe." Aslan is free to do world on the Dawn Treqder.Noble leathery skin and webbed feet) who travelwith himinto Aslan's Reepicheepbravely enters Aslan's accompaniesJill and Eustaceon their Cnuntrycontaining the real as he pleases-and what he pleases, Country by himself, fulfilling a mission to find Prince Rilian. Narnia,of whichthe old Narnia while not always comfortable,is theyhave known is just a alwaysgood. prophecy spoken over his cradle. Puddleglum has a glum outlook on life, Aslan createsthrough his but.is generally sensibleand practical, shadow.Aslan invites allthe Shasta Boy who grows up as a creaturesto followhim, "Gome song, brings new life and eventually breaking the witch's Calormene slave and escapeswith a furtherin! Comefuilher up!" couragethrough his breath, enchantment by stomping out a fire talking horse, headedfor Narnia. Along Theyfollou of cource,and inspires and asksobedience with with his bare feet. discoverthe secretThe rcal his words,and buys back the the way, Shasta finds an unwilling adventureshave only begun! life of a traitor with his own life. traveling companion in Aravis, discovershis true royal identity and Puddleglum was basedon Aslan in Our World aretoo old,children,'n said Aslan, fulfills an old prophecy. "You G.S.Lewis' "and you must beginto comeclose to your ownworld now." Aravis Brave Calormene girl, engaged gardener, "lt isn't Narnia,you knoq" sobbedLucy. "lt's yoa Weshan't FredPaxford. meelyoa therc.And howcan we leaye,never meetingyou?" to a horrible man, who escapesto the "But you shall meetme, dearoner" saidAslan. north with her talking horse to avoid a "Are-are youthere too, Sir?" said Edmund. forced marriage. Along the way, she amr" saadAslan. therc | haveanother name. You must learn loses her arroganceand gains aloyal "l "But FREDPAXFORD to knowme by that name.This was the yeryreason why you were brouglrt friend in Shasta. to Narnianthat by knowingme herefor a little, you mayknow me better there.tt -Voyage oJ the Dawn Tieader, Chapter 16

"The Ghristianstory is preciselythe story of onegrand miracle, that what is beyond all spaceand time, what is uncreated, eternalncame into...human natul€, ttAslant' descendedinto Hisown univerce,and rose I is the Turkishword fur "lion.'n again.tt -C.S. Lewis, God tn the Doch

IO GlossARY Turkish Delight that Aslan is on the move, signaling 1 Creation of Narnia; Narnia Enchanted candy made lrom lruit juice, the beginning of Spring andjoy, and Jadis enters Narnia rosewater, gelatin, and nuts that the Tftegifts: Feter marking the end of White Witch oflers to Edmund. His own receivesa sword a hundred years of 180 Archenlandfounded desire and greediness prevents him from and a shield; winter. The sifts he 204 Calormenfounded by outlawsfrom susanis givena seeing the witch's true nature ancl brings lor th-echildrcrr Archenland purpose, and he lalls under her spcll, DOWand norn; "tools t-u.t g"it treaiing are nol loys" betraying his brother and sisters. cordial and a that help them in their 3OOCalormen colonizes Teimar dagger.Edmund adventures and their 302 Aslan turn wicked Calormenesin Telmarinto Deep Magic and Deeper Magic o19t:1t lt ld obecliencero Aslan 1srr dumb beasts;King Galeof Narniabecomes emperor Deep Magic is the law on rvhich Narnia and recerves EPunslexs6:11-17) of the Lone Islands is founcled, in place "liom the clawn of uothing. time," referring to the denancls of Joy 1888 Digory Kirk born 407 Giant Pire killed by Olvin or Archenland justice. The witch'.s understanding is felt by the charactersin the 1889 Polly Ph.rmmer 460 Earth piratestake over Telmar limited; she knou,s only that traitors Joy Chroniclesis not simply happiness, born belong to her. Aslan understands the but a sweet desire,or want, of something 1900 Magic rings carry Deeper Magic "from before the dawn that is better than the having of any Polly and Digory 898Jadis returnsto Narnia from the far North of time" which undoes the Deep Magic thing. All the characterswho are Aslan's into Narnia 900 Long Winter begins (ancl death itself) through his own self- children feeljoy in his presenceand at the 1927 Peter Pevensie 1000 Pevensiesenter Narnia and defeatthe White sacri[icirrg cornpassion. mention of his name. but those who born Witch; Long Winter ends Deeper Magic is a parallel for grace opposehim feel only terror. 1928 SusanPevensie 1014 High King Peterraids Northern Giants; in the Bible: "For just as through the born TheHorse and His Boy adventurestake place disobedience of the one man the many n'Thereare only two kinds of peoplein 1930 Edmund 1015 While hunting the White Stag,the Pevensies were made sinners, so also through the who 'Thy will Pevensie vanish from Narnia man many will the end: those say to God, born obedience of the one the 1050 Ramthe Greatbecomes king of Archenland be made righteous. The law was added be done,' and those to whom God says, 1932 Lucy Pevensie 'Thy 1998 Telmarinesconquer Narnia so that the trespass might increase. But will be done.' All that are in Hell, born where sin increased, grace increased all chooseit. Without that self-choicethere 1933 EustaceScrubb, just could be no Hell. No soul that seriously Jill Pole born the more, so that, as sin reigned in 2290 PrinceCaspian is born; his fatheris murdered *--:'rlerr\.56 alsograce and consciouslydesires joy will ever 1940 Pevensiesenter I S.5.Lewis dEeri by Miraz miss it." Narnia through ;;1tu;;;;o nrightreign through 2303 in Narnia; Miraz, I the wardrobe Civil War Caspiandefeats lighteousncssto bring ( .5. I e\\ ls. I ne I tt(tll Dtv'tt( I asAolrerican becomesking 1941 Pevensiesenter lFrcsident.lchmF. cternal lilc through 2306-2307 Prince Caspiansails to the End of the Xenomdyand ovriter Narniab;'magic I lcsusChrisr our Lorcl." Obedience World on the Dawn Treader I l{irJoers[{rrxieq. ,., l: lq_2| "The word obedienceis from the Latin horn 1R,,r, ) 2310 CaspianX marriesRamandu's daughter oboedire,which means "to listen," and it 1942 (Summ'er) 2325 PrinceRilian is born The Wood Between the Worlds is in this very specificsense that Lewis Edmund, Lucy, 2345 The Queenis killed by a serpent;Prince A placeoutside o[ time, lillecllvith usesthe word in the Chronicles.For Eustacejoin Rilian disappears pools of water that act :rsportals to Lewis, the primal stanceof human Caspian'svoyage 2355 and Eustacerescue Rilian different lvorlds. beingsbefore God is to be obedient: (Autumn) Jill not to be slavishlydevoted, but to be Eustaceand Jill 2534 Outlawsin LanternWaste result in Father Christmas freell. 611gn1ivs." blown into guard towersbeing built -Paul fiord- Nilrnid Narnia Unlike the rnodern SantaClaus, this Comnunionto 2555 King Tirian rescued;the last battle; 1949 Railway crash in huge, beardedman in a red robe is "big real Narnia anclrcrl and glad. Hisvisit announces Britain