T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E Notes

CHAPTER I 18. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 1. "Colonial Church Mission of the Seventeenth Cen­ necticut, 17g4, p. 8. tury," The Church Review, I (April, 1848), 16n; Lucy 1g. Ibid., PP· 1g4-1g5. Cushing Jarvis, Sketches of Church Life in Colonial 20. Journal of the Convention Diocese of Connecticut, Connecticut (New Haven, 1go2), pp. 183-184 et passim. 17g5, p. n ; Joseph Perkins Beach, History of Cheshire, 2. See Glenn W eaver, "Anglican-Congregationalist Connecticut from 1694 to 1840 (Cheshire, 1g12 ), p. 247; Tensions in Pre-Revolutionary Connecticut," Historical Subscription List for Episcopal Academy of Connecticut, Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, XXVI, Episcopal Academy Papers, Box 1, Archives of Diocese (September, 1g57), 26g-285. of Connecticut, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut. 3· Charles C. Tiffany, A History of the Protestant 21. Clifton Hartwell Brewer, A History of Religious Episcopal Church (New York, 18g5), pp. 141-142; Wil­ Education in the Episcopal Church to 1835 (New Ha­ liam Wilson Manross, A History of the American Epis­ ven, 1g24 ), p. g8; Journal of the Convention Diocese of copal Church (New York and Milwaukee, 1g35), p. 106. Connecticut for 1796, p. 15; E. E. Beardsley, An Address 4· William A. Beardsley, "Episcopal Academy of Con­ Delivered in St. Peter's Church, Cheshire, October 1 , necticut, 17g4-1g17," Historical Magazine of the Prot­ 1844, on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the estant Episcopal Church, XIII (September, 1g44), 1g3. Episcopal Academy of Connecticut (New Haven, 1844), 5· Cutler went to Massachusetts, Wetmore went to P· g. New York, and Browne died in London shortly after his 22. Journal of the Convention Diocese of Connecticut, ordination. C. C. Tiffany, A History of the Protestant 17g6, p. 15. Episcopal Church, p. 132. 23. E. E. Beardsley, Life of Seabury, p. 445· 6. Ibid., p. 128, quoted from Josiah Quincy, History 24. Journal of the Convention Diocese of Connecticut, of Harvard University. 17g6, p. 15. 7· "Yale," Encyclopaedia Britannica, nth ed.; E. 25. Italics are mine. Clowes Chorley, "The Reverend Andrew Fowler, 176o- 26. The Catalogue of the Officers, Teachers and 185o," Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Alumni of the Episcopal Academy of Connecticut ( [n.p.], Church, III (December, 1g34), 271. 1g16 ), pp. 17, 20; E. E. Beardsley, An Address Delivered 8. William Stevens Perry, The History of the Ameri­ in St. Peter's Church, p . 11. can Episcopal Church, 1587-1883 ( 2 vols., Boston, 1885), 27. Course of Study in the Episcopal Academy, M.S. I, 283. in Box 2, Episcopal Academy Papers, Archives of Dio­ g. Joseph Hooper, ed., Diocese of Connecticut: Forma­ cese of Connecticut, Trinity College, Hartford, Connect­ tive Period, 1784-1791 (New Haven, 1g13), pp. 14, 1g, icut. This document is the draft of the report to the 2g, 5g; May Latimer Gambrell, Ministerial Training in Episcopal Convention, October, 181g, in Journal of the Eighteenth-Century New England (New York, 1g37), Convention of the Diocese of Connecticut, 181g, pp. 13o- pp. 1ow1. 133. 10. E. Edwards Beardsley, Life and Correspondence 28. Resolution of Board of Trustees, Episcopal Acad­ of the Right Reverend Samuel Seabury, D. D. (2nd ed., emy of Connecticut, October 3, 1804, Episcopal Academy Boston, 1881), p. 238. Papers, Box 1, Archives of Diocese of Connecticut, Trin­ 11. Abstract of the Proceedings of the Society for the ity College, Hartford, Conn. Propagation of the Gospel . .. From the 16th of Feb­ 2g. The Catalogue of Officers . . . of the Episcopal ruary 1732 to the 15th of February 1733, p. 56; Samuel Academy of Connecticut lists eleven transfers to Yale and Johnson to the Secretary of the S. P. G., November 3, Union (pp. 30, 48, 4g, 51, 66, 82, 100, 104, 123, 124, 1738, in Samuel Johnson, President of King's College: 131). After the founding of Washington College (later His Career and Writings, Herbert and Carol Schneider, Trinity) there were occasional transfers to that college eds. (4 vols., New York, 1g2g), III, 223. with "advanced standing" (ibid., pp. gg, 41, 68, 70, g5). 12. Abstract of S. P. G. Proceedings, 1741-42, p. 42. 30. "Episcopal Academy of Connecticut," p. 1g4. 13. Seabury to the Rt. Rev. Abernathy Drummond, 31. The Catalogue of Officers .. . of the Episcopal November 7, 1788, in E. E. Beardsley, Life of Seabury, Academy of Connecticut, pp. 38, 43, 4g, 51, 65, 82, 10g, p. 338. 123, 166. 14. "Proposals for Instituting an Episcopal academy 32. In 17g7, tuition was 15 s. to 22 s. per quarter, in the State of Connecticut," document in the Archives with French 20 s. extra. BoardJ.U;d washing was 10 s. per of the Diocese of Connecticut, Trinity College Library, week. Connecticut Courant, October 30, 17g7. Hartford, Connecticut. This document has been repro­ 33. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ duced in the Historiographer of the Episcopal Diocese necticut, 17g7, p. 1g; ibid. for 17g8, p. 21. of Connecticut, No. 20 (May, 1g57), p. 21. 34· E. E. Beardsley, An Address Delivered in St. Pe­ 15. Samuel Seabury to Bishop [William] White, June ter's Church, p. 17. 2g, 178g, in E . E. Beardsley, Life of Seabury, p. 34g. 35· Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 16. W. A. Beardsley, "Episcopal Academy of Con­ necticut, 1808, p. g3; ibid., 18og, pp. 53-54; ibid., 181g, necticut, 17g4-1g17,'' p. 1g3. p. 130. 17. The Records of Convention, Diocese of Connect­ 36. Public Records of the State of Connecticut ( g icut, 17g2, p . 41. vols., Hartford, 18g4-1g53), VIII, 84n, 304n, 357n. N 0 T E S

37· Ibid., VIII, 430n. 67. journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con- 38. Ibid., IX, 319n. necticut, 1818, p. 113. 39· Ibid., IX, 36o-361. 68. Ibid., 1819, p. 119. 40. Resolves and Private Laws of the State of Con­ 6g. Ibid., pp. 129-133. necticut from the year I 789 to the year 1836 ( 2 vols., 70. Ibid., 18zo, p. g. Hartford, 1837), I, 8-g. 71. Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, 41. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con- pp. zg-36. necticut, 1804, p. 36. 72. History of Christ Church, Hartford, I, 71. 42. Ibid., 1810, p. s8. 73· Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, 43· Ibid., 1811, p . 64. p. 46. 44· Ibid., 1797, p. 19; ibid., 1798, p. 21 ; ibid., 1799, 74· journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con- pp. 21-23; ibid., 18oo, p. zs; ibid., 1801, p. 27; ibid., necticut, 1820, p. 12. 18~~· .PP· 30-31; ib~d: , .1805, pp. 37-38; ibid., 18o6, p. 75· Ibid., 1821, p. 11. 41, ,btd., 18o8, p . 52, tbid., 1809, pp. 53-54· 76. Ibid., 1820, p. 19. 45· Ibid., 1797, p. 19. 77· Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, 46. Ibid., 1799, pp. 21-23; ibid., 18oo, p. 25; ibid., P· 92. 1801, p. 27; E. E. Beardsley, An Address Delivered in 78. Ibid., pp. 66-85, 121. St. Peter's Church, p. 12. 79· Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 47· Journal of the General Convention, 1811, p. 24. necticut, 1822, p. g. 48. Ibid., 1814, pp. 8-g, 17-18, 30; ibid., 1817, pp. 8o. Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, 15, 33-34.45-46,49· P· 55· 49· [Gurdon W. Russell, ed.], Contributions to the 81. The last of the theological students at the Acad­ History of Christ Church, Hartford ( 2 vols., Hartford, emy completed his course in 1821. Catalog of the Of­ Conn., 1895-1908), I, 72. fic ers, Teachers and Alumni of the Episcopal Academy of so. Arthur Adams, "The Founding of Trinity College Connecticut, p. 38. [Washington College, 1823-1845]," Historical Magazine 82. Ibid., pp. 40, 66, 8o, 100; Proceedings of the of the Protestant Episcopal Church, XN (March, 1g45), General Theological Seminary, pp. 86-87. P· 53· 83. Ibid., p. 93· In 1819 the General Assembly in­ 51. Bishop's Bonus, Seabury College, Divine Right of corporated the Hartford Academy (Resolves and Privttte Presbyterianism and Divine Right of Episcopacy: In A Laws, I, 8-g), of which the trustees were all members Series of Essays, Originally Published in the Connecticut of Christ Church, Hartford. ( Contributions to the His­ Herald, from November 21st, zBzs, to January gth, tory of Christ Church, I, 6gn. ) See below. 1816, Inclusive, Together With a Concluding Number, From the Writer Under the Signature of "Toleration," CHAPTER II Which has never before appeared in print (New Haven, 1. "Thomas Church Brownell," Dictionary of Ameri­ 1916), PP· 3-4· can Biography, III, 171-172; Autobiography of Thomas 52. Ibid., pp. g-1o, 54-55, 91-93. Church Brownell in E. Edwards Beardsley, The History 53· Resolves and Private Laws of the State of Connect­ of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut ( 2 vols., New icut, I, 134-137. York, 1865-1868 ), II, 189-199. 54. Richard J. Purcell, Connecticut in Transition, z. Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary 1775-1818 (Washington, D.C., 1g18), p. 421. . . . From its Commencement, A.D. 18:.n Until 1838 55· Bishop's Bonus, pp. 7-10, 16-22, 51ff. ( New York, 1854), p. 121. 56. Ibid., pp. 10-15, 22-27, 39-45, 64-65. 3· Ibid., pp. 103-104. 57· Ibid., pp. 51-5-9. 4· Alan Willard Brown, Hobart College: Oldest Epis­ 58. Ibid., pp. 24-27, 45· copal College in U.S.A. (New York, 1956), pp. 8-g. 59· R. J. Purcell, Connecticut in Transition, pp. 341- 5· Ibid., p. g. The documents relating to the early his­ 343· tory of Geneva (Hobart) College are printed in Milton 6o. Ibid., 341-349, 367. Haight Turk, Hobart: The Story of a Hundred Years, 61. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 1822-1922 (Geneva, N.Y., 1922), pp. 65-154. The necticut, 1816, p. 97· "Branch" had been operating in the "vestry schoolhouse" 62. Ibid. for 1817, p. 105. of Trinity Church, Geneva, since June 11, ibid., p. 81. 63. Ibid., p. g6; George Franklin Smythe, Kenyon 6. Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, College: Its First Century (New Haven, 1924), pp. 2-3; P· 145· [Gurdon W . Russell, ed.], Contributions to the History 7· A. W . Brown, Hobart College, p. 10. of Christ Church, Hartford ( z vols., Hartford, Conn., 8. Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, 1895-1go8),I, 65-66. p. 247. 64. Ibid., I, 65-66. Chase made no reference to his g. E. Edwards Beardsley, The History of the Episco­ place on the Committee in his Reminiscences: An Auto­ pal Church in Connecticut ( 2 vols., New York, 1865- biography (2nd ed. 2 vols., Boston, 1848 ). 1868 ), II, 246; Arthur Adams, "The Founding of Trin­ 65. Proceedings . .. of the General Theological Sem­ ity College," Historical Magazine of the Protestant Epis­ inary . . . From its Commencement, A.D. 1821 until copal Church, XIV (March, 1945), 55· 1838 (New York, 1854), p. 6. 10. "Circular Letter Accompanying the Petition," in 66. Ibid., pp. 17-18, 34; Burhans was one of the orig­ Considerations Suggested by the Establishment of a Sec­ inal incorporators of the Seminary. Resolves and Private ond College in Connecticut (Hartford, 1824), pp. 31-32. Laws of the State of Connecticut, II, 1037; Catalog of 11. "Petition for the Incorporation of Washington Col­ Officers, Trustees and Alumni of the Episcopal Academy lege," ibid., pp. 30-31. In the original document at the of Connecticut, p. g. Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford, New London is T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E included in the list. This draft of the document, College 35· Record of the Doings of the Trustees of Washing­ Petition Bill in Form, was the one upon which the Gen­ ton College, in the City of Hartford, State of Connecti­ eral Assembly acted. cut: Incorporated by the State Legislature[,] May[,] 12. E. E. Beardsley, The History of the Episcopal 1823. MS. in Trinity College (Hereafter cited as Trus­ Church in Connecticut, II, 247. tees Minutes), I, 6. Those absent were Elijah Board­ 13. A. Adams, "The Founding of Trinity College," p . man, Ebenezer Young, Jonathan Starr, Jr., Elias Perkins, s6. and Luther Loomis. 14. E. E. Beardsley, The History of the Episcopal 36. Ibid. Church in Connecticut, II, 247-248. See below. 37· In the College Petition Bill in Form the words 15. The Churchman's Magazine, III (April, 1823), "New London" have been crossed out. The Charter itself 119. did not specify the location of the College. 16. Episcopal Addresses in Journal of the Convention 3'8. Wheaton was unmarried and was, thus, the most of the Diocese of Connecticut, passim. likely member of the Board to send on the mission. 17. E. E. Beardsley, History of the Episcopal Church 39· Contributions to the History of Christ Church, I, in Connecticut, II, 164-168. 72. 18. Richard J. Purcell, Connecticut in Transition, 40. The text of this document was printed in an ap­ 1775-1818, (Washington, 1918 ), pp. 286, 286n., 296. pendix to Considerations Suggested by the Establish­ 19. E. E. Beardsley, History of the Episcopal Church ment of a Second College in Connecticut (Hartford, in Connecticut, I, 117, 121, 162, 177, 185. 1824), PI?· 32-33. Hereafter cited as Considerations. 20. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 41. Ibtd., pp. 34-35. necticut, 1821, pp. 26-27. 42. Ibid., p. 33· Italics are as printed. 21. Resolves and Private Laws of the State of Con­ 43· Episcopal Watchman, Sept. 17, 1827; ibid., Sept. necticut, ( 2 vols., Hartford, 1837 ), I, 323. 24, 1827; ibid., Oct. 1, 1827; ibid., Oct. 8, 1827; ibid., 22. Contributions to the History of Christ Church, Oct. 15, 1827; ibid., May 31, 1828; ibid., June 7, 1828; Hartford ( 2 vols., Hartford, 1895-1908), I, 216-220. June 14, 1828; June 21, 1828. 23. Ruth A. Kerr, "David Watkinson, 1778-1857," 44· George Franklin Smythe, Kenyon College: Its First Trinity College Library Gazette, No. 4 (April, 1957), Century (New Haven, 1924), pp. 16-21; Philander pp. 9-13; Charles W. Burpee, First Century of the Phoe­ Chase, Bishop Chase's Reminiscences ( 2 vols., Boston, nix National Bank of Hartford (Hartford, 1914), p. 112. 1848), I, 182ff. 24. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 45· G. F. Smythe, Kenyon College, p. 22. necticut, passim. 46. N. S. Wheaton to Michael Olcott, November 7, 25. Florence S. Marcy Crofut, Guide to the History 1823, Presidents' Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ and Historic Sites of Connecticut ( 2 vols., New Haven, lege; see also article, "John Henry Hobart" in Dictionary 1937), II, 848. of American Biography. 26. Charles 0. Paullin, "Thomas Macdonough," Dic­ 47· N. S. Wheaton to Charles Sigourney, December tionary of American Biography, XII, 19-21. 9, 1823, in Archives of the Diocese of Connecticut, Trin­ 27. Contributions to the History of Christ Church, ity College, Hartford, Connecticut. Hartford, I, 518. 48. N. S. Wheaton to Charles Sigourney, March 27, 28. F. S. M. Crofut, Guide to the History and Historic 1824, ibid. Wheaton's copy of the agreement (signed Sites of Connecticut, I, 425; R. J. Purcell, Connecti­ by both) is in the Bishops' Papers, Trinity Collection, cut in Transition, pp. 376-380. It may be noted in passing Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. G. F. A. Best, "Church that of the petitioners, Brownell, Croswell, Johnson, Parties and Charities: The Experience of Three Ameri­ Adams, and Smith were also trustees of the General The­ can Visitors to England, 1823-1824," The English His­ ological Seminary. Proceedings of the General Theologi­ torical Review, LXXVIII (April, 1963), pp. 243-262, cal Seminary, p. 187. presents rather convincing argument that Chase was not 29. Contributions to the History of Christ Church, an Evangelical, but that he was forced into the Evan­ Hartford, I, 72. gelical camp because of Hobart's High-Church connec­ 30. Ibid., I, p. 409. tions. The fact remains, however, that Chase had never 31. Diary of Thomas Robbins, D.D., Increase N. Tar­ been anything but an Evangelical. box, ed. ( 2 vols., Boston, 1886), I, 964; E. E. Beardsley, 49· N. S. Wheaton to Charles Sigourney, May 19, The History of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut, II, 1824, in Archives of the Diocese of Connecticut. Italics 247· It would seem that in the brief debate on the bill, are in the original. only three legislators voiced opposition. Connecticut so. P. Chase, Reminiscences, I, 421. Courant, May 13, 1823. Amendments to make the jus­ 51. Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, tices of the Connecticut Superior Court ex-officio members 204. of the Board of Trustees and to prevent the College's 52. There seems to be no extant record of the exact location in New Haven were defeated. Ibid. sum gathered by Wheaton. His amount was much larger 32. The Charter is printed in Resolves and Private than Hobart's, for Wheaton regarded the agreement Acts of the State of Connecticut, I, 468-470. made with Hobart as binding only as long as both were 33· Wesleyan University at Middletown, chartered in in England. It will be remembered that Hobart left Eng­ May, 1831, was placed under Methodist control, but this land in March, 1824. The Catalog of Books Belonging to charter also forbade the imfosition of a religious test. Washington College in the Wheaton Collection at Trin­ Ibid., I, 470-471. The clerk o the Upper House indicated ity College gives the sum spent for books as $1,843. In in a marginal note to the College Petition Bill in Form the Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary that the additional trustees had been added by the Sen­ ( p. 341) the Treasurer of the Seminary noted as of June ate. 28, 1831: "Paid Washington College, Hartford, its pro­ 34· Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ portion of money collected in Engfand on the joint ac­ necticut, 1823, pp. 21-22. count of the Seminary, and the College . . . $6o7.29." N 0 T E S

53. T. C. Brownell to Henry Watson, August 25, 1823, for Christian Living Papers and Studies, No. 3 (Evans­ in Brownell Papers, Trinity College Collection, Trinity ton, Ill., 1959), p. 20. College, Hartford, Connecticut. (Hereafter cited as 2. Connecticut Courant, March 2, 1824. Brownell Papers, T. C. ) The New Haven papers, The 3· Connecticut Courant, March 9, 1824. Pilot and The Register were in support of the College, 4· Connecticut Courant, March 16, 1824. and their colunms provided useful promotional material. 5· Connecticut Courant, April 20, 1824. 54· T. C. Brownell to Henry Watson, Dec. 11, 1823, 6. Connecticut Courant, April 27, 1824. in Brownell Papers, T. C. 7· Connecticut Courant, May 11, 1824. 55. Connecticut Courant, Sept. 16, 1823. 8. Ibid. 56. Ibid. g. ( Hartford, 1824 ). There is some reason to believe 57· Trustees Minutes, March 4, 1824. that Goodrich was the author of the "Honesty" letters 58. T. C. Brownell to Henry Watson, August 25, 1823, and several other communications to the press. R. L. Brownell Papers , T. C. Patterson, "The Secularization of Two Anglican Col­ 59· This list of subscriptions is in The Trinity College leges," pp. 19, 27n.; Franklin Bowditch Dexter, Bio­ Bulletin, II (October, 1901), 39-47· graphical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College ( 6 6o. Ibid., pp. 45-47. vols., ew York, 1885-1912), VI, 321-325. 61. Connecticut Courant, April 27, 1824. 10. Considerations, pp. 13-14. 62. Trustees Minutes, April 22 and 23, 1824. 11. (Hartford, 1825 ). E. E. Beardsley, History of the 63. Connecticut Courant, April 27, 1824. Episcopal Church in Connecticut, p. 25on. 64. Trustees Minutes, April 23, 1824. 12. Wheaton probably did not know that Geneva Col­ 65. New Haven Pilot, August 21, 1823; ibid., August lege was then in its third year, although a permanent 28, 1823; ibid., Sept. 4, 1823; ibid., Sept. 11, 1823; ibid., charter was not granted by the New York Regents until January 29, 1824; ibid., February 26, 1824; ibid., March 1825. Perhaps he made a "technicality" of tlie lack of 4, 1824; ibid., March 11, 1824; ibid., March 18, 1824; a permanent charter for Geneva College. March 25, 1824. 13. He might have added that as to the suggestion 66. Connecticut Mirror, March 29, 1824. An exam­ made in England to change the name to that of a mu­ ination of the Wethersfi eld Town Records (Town Hall, nificent benefactor, Harvard, Yale, Brown, and Dart­ Wethersfield, Conn.) reveals that no such vote was ever mouth all had changed their names for the same reason. taken. 14. Professor Hickock. 67. Ibid., May 6, 1824. Middletown had pledged 15. (Hartford, 1825 ). $37,942 as against Hartford's $33,431, but other factors 16. "The Administration of President Smith," Trinity such as the personal influence of Bishop Brownell College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), 6; R. L. Patterson, turned the vote in favor of Hartford. Karl Pomeroy Har­ "The Secularization of Two Anglican Colleges," p. 21. rington, The Background of W esleyan ([Middletown], 17. Union College Catalogue, 1959-1960, p. 30. 1942 ), p.19. 18. A list of subjects Proposed, [ 1824 ?] Brownell 68. Trustees Minutes, May 6, 1824. Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. In 69. Connecticut Courant, June 15, 1824. 1821 the Trustees of Columbia College broke with the 70. Trustees Minutes, Aug. 10, 1824. traditional "textbook" type of instruction when the facultr, 71. Connecticut Mirror, July 5, 1824. There were five were directed to teach "sub;ects rather than whole books. ' separate bids: 1) For timber, joists, planks, and boards; John H . Van Amringe, et al., A History of Columbia Uni­ 2) for window frames, sashes, and wood work; 3) for versity, 1754-1904 ( New York, 1904), p. 107. laying the bricks; 4 ) for plastering the two buildings; 19. New Haven Pilot, September 4, 1823 (reprinted and 5) for removing the earth for the foundation. from ew Haven Register). 72. Samuel Hart, "Trinity College, Hartford," The 20. New Haven Pilot, September 11, 1823. New England Magazine and Bay State Monthly, IV 21. Samuel Eliot Morison, The Founding of Harvard ( May, 1886), p. 399· College (Cambridge, 1935 ), passim. The theme of this 73· Arthur Adams, "The Founding of Trinity Col­ volume is that the founders of Harvard simply repro­ lege," p. 63. duced Emanuel College, Cambridge, or Emanuel College 74· Samuel Hart, "Trinity College, Hartford," The as closely as they could reproduce it in seventeenth­ New England Magazine, IV ( May, 1886 ), p. 399· I century Massachusetts. seriously doubt whether this was actually the case. 22. Charles Sigourney to Thomas Jefferson, July 20, Neither Morse's biographies nor the Morse Papers in the 1824, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Historical Manuscript Room of Sterling Library, Yale 23. Ibid.; New Haven Pilot, September 11, 1823; Con­ University, make any reference to Washington Coll e~e. necticut Mirror, August 11, 1823. 75· Samuel Hart, "Trinity College, Hartford,' The 24. Washington College [Prosp ectus] signed by New England Magazine, IV (May, 1886 ), p. 400; J. Charles Sigourney, Secretary [ ( New Haven, 1824) .] This Hammond Trumbull, The Memorial History of Hartford Prospectus was printed in the Connecticut Courant, Sep­ County, Connecticut, 1635-1884 ( 2 vols., Boston, 1886), tember 7, 1824. I, 40o-401; Centennial Memorial of the First Baptist 25. See Walter C. Bronson, The History of Brown Church of Hartford, Connecticut (Hartford, 1890 ), p. University ( Providence, 1914 ), pp. 216-218; Thomas 196. Jefferson W ertenbaker, Princeton, 1746-1896 (Prince­ ton, 1946 ), p. 161; Frederick Rudolph, Mark Hopkins and the Log: W illiams College, 1836-1872 ( ew Haven, CHAPTER III 1956 ), pp. 42ff. 1. E. E. Beardsley, The History of the Episcopal 26. Claude Moore Fuess, Amherst: The Story of a New Church in Connecticut ( 2 vols., New York, 1868) II, England College (Boston, 1955), p. 54· 250; Robert Layburne Patterson, "The Secularization of 27. Washington College [Prospectus], p. 4· Two Anglican Colleges in the United States," Institute 28. Ibid., p. 3· T H E HISTORY 0 F T R I N I T Y C 0 L L E G E

29. Catalogue of Washington College, 1829, p. 3; ibid., 54· Old prints of Washington College show the bell 1835, p. 17; ibid., 1837, p. 3; ibid., 1838, p. s ; ibid., 1840, tower even though this feature is not included in the p. 5; ibid., 1845, p. 4; ibid., 185o, pp. 12-13. The fact early descriptions. that some of the later appointees taught on a part-time 55. Samuel Hart, "Trinity College, Hartford," The basis does not affect the validity of the generalization. New England Magazine and Bay State Monthly, IV Several of the scientific lecturers were practicing physi­ (May, 1886), p. 399· cians, but it will be shown below that several of the Pro­ 56. The "cabinet" was the college museum. fessors in the Humanities were active parish priests who 57· E . E. Beardsley, An Historical Address Pronounced did not devote their full time to instruction at the Col­ Before the House of Convocation of Trinity College in lege. Christ Church, Hartford, July 30, 1851 (Hartford, 1851), 30. Washington College [Prospectus], pp. S-6. p. 15n. 31. Remarks on Washington College, p. 51. It may be 58. In 1827, Brownell commented: "The Church [at well to point out, however, that the curriculum at Brown Hebron] is built of durable materials, and in the Gothic which was revised in 1823, was, according to the descrip­ style of architecture. In point of beauty and design and tion of the course, much more "textbook-oriented." Wal­ excellence of workmanship, it may probably rank as the ter C. Bronson, History of Brown University, p. 167. second Church of the Diocese- Trinity Church at New 32. Arthur Adams, "The Founding of Trinity College," Haven being the only edifice which is superior to it." p. 64. (Journal of the Convention, Diocese of Connecticut, 33· Trustees Minutes, August 10, 1824. 1827, p. 10). Trini~ Church, New Haven, was also 34· Sumner was the author of A Compendium of "Connecticut Gothic.' In 1829, a new edifice for Christ Physiological and Systematic Botany (Hartford, 1820). Church, Hartford, was consecrated. The building was 35· Trustees Minutes, September 23, 1825; Trustees also "Gothic." Contributions to the History of Christ Minutes, August 10, 1824. Church, Hartford, I, 73-75. 36. Journal of the Convention of the Episcopal Dio­ 59· To mention but a few examples: the new build­ cese of Connecticut, 181g, p. 135; ibid., 1822, p. 11. ings at Christ Church, Corpus Christi, Queens College, 37· Ibid. for 1825, p. 3; Connecticut Courant, May 31, Oxford; and Christ's, Clare, and Downing Colleges, 1825. Cambridge, were Classical. Articles "Oxford" and "Cam­ 38. Washington College [Prospectus], p. 7· bridge," Encyclopaedia Britannica, nth Ed. 39· Miscellaneous files in Alumni Office, Trinity Col­ 6o. Catalogue of Union College, 1959-196o, p. 30. lege. 61. Contributions to the History of Christ Church, 40. Arthur Adams, "The Founding of Trinity College," Hartford, I, 217. says that of the fourteen students who emolled during 62. See above. the first year, only one was from outside Connecticut 63. Journal of the Convention Diocese of Connecticut, ( p. 64). This is an error, for the first students came from 1824, p. 30; Episcopal Watchman, June 4, 1827. Otego, N.Y.; Monson, Mass.; Statesburg, S.C.; Easton, 64. Washington College [Prospectus], p. 6. Md.; Cambridge, Md.; and Princess Anne, Md. See Bell, 65. Washington College Catalogue, 1835, p. 23. Brownfield, Blakely, Dutton, Goldsborough, and Judd 66. Brownell to Samuel Huntington [ca. 1825] in His­ Files, Alumni Office, Trinity College. toriographer of the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut, 41. Morgan and Hall Files, Alumni Office, Trinity No. g (October, 1954), p. 1. College. See also Officers, Teachers and Alumni of the 67. Trustees Minutes, May 31, 1825. Episcopal Academy of Connecticut, pp. 6g, 95· 68. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 42. Miscellaneous files in Alumni Office, Trinity Col­ necticut, 1824, p. 30. lege. 6g. The Churchman's Magazine, IV (May, 1825), 6o- 43· Laws of Washington College [1826], Chapter II, 6I. Section 2; Chapter III, Section 1; Chapter III, Section 2. 70. See above. The "Laws" had been enacted by the Faculty in 1824, 71. The Diocese of South Carolina was generous in but they were enforced on a trial basis for two years be­ its support of the General Theological Seminary. Pro­ fore publication. G. W. Doane to S. F . Jarvis, Samuel ceedings of the General Theological Seminary, pp. 204, Farmar Jarvis correspondence, Microfilm MSS of Church 224, 240. Historical Society, Austin, Texas, II, in Archives of the 72. Trustees Minutes, August 10, 1824. The Prospec­ Diocese of Connecticut, Trinity College. tus stated that the Professorships would be filled "as 44· Arthur Adams, "The Founding of Trinity Col­ soon as the state of the College shall require it." ( p. 3·) lege," p. 64. 73· An Examination of the "Remarks" on Considera­ 45. Washington College [Prospectus], p. 7· tions Suggested by the Establishment of a Second Col­ 46. Laws of Washington College, [1826], Chapter I, lege in Connecticut, p. 23n. Luther Loomis did not re­ Section s; Chapter II, Section 2. sign. He simply did not bother to attend the Trustees' 47· Laws of Washington College [1826], Chapter IV, meetings. After six years, his seat was declared vacant by 1f3, Sections 1, 2, and 3· the Trustees. Trustees Minutes, October 4, 1831. 48. Laws of Washington College [1826], Chapter IV, 74· Trustees Minutes, May 31, 1825. 1[3, Sections 2 and 4· 75· Trustees Minutes, June 14, 1826. 49· Laws of Washington College [1826], Chapter III, 76. Trustees Minutes, April 26, 1826, and June 14, Sections 2 and 3; Chapter VII. 1826. so. Washington College [Prospectus], p. 6. Italics are 77· Trustees Minutes, May 31, 1825. The Reverend in the original. Thomas Robbins, Congregational minister of Hartford, 51. Laws of Washington College [1826), Chapter resigned his place on the Board almost immediately after Ill, Sections 4 and 5· his election. Trustees Minutes for June 14, 1826, and 52. Washington College [Prospectus], p. 7· August 1, 1826. In a way, Robbins was a replacement 53· Washington College Catalogue, 1829, p. g. for Cushman, but he did not feel that a non-Episcopalian

310 N 0 T E S could serve with good conscience. Diary of Thomas 109. These debates can be followed in the Connecti­ Robbins, II, 20. cut Courant, May 24, 1831, May 31, 1831, and June 7, 78. Trustees Minutes, May 31, 1825. 1831. 79· Trustees Minutes, April 26, 1826. uo. Chronicle of the Church, January 13, 1837; ibid., 8o. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1826. January 27, 1837; ibid., December 29, 1837. 81. Trustees Minutes, April 26, 1826. u 1. Trustees Minutes, August 10, 1830. Pyne had, in­ 82. Trustees Minutes, June 14, 1826. incidentally, been elected to the Board of Trustees on 83. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ August 5, 1830. (Trustees Minutes, August 5, 1830). necticut, 1827, pp. 24-26. Because of charter provision, he did not take his seat 84. Ibid., 1828, pp. 38-41. In 1828, the society as­ among the Trustees at this time. sisted students to the total amount of $278.g6. (Ibid., 112. D. G. Tewksbury, The Founding of American p. 41). Episcopal Watchman, June 18, 1827. Colleges and Universities Before the Civil War (New 85. See below. York, 1932), passim. 86. Trustees Minutes, April 26, 1826. 113. Trustees Minutes, December 30, 1830. 87. Trustees Minutes, June 14, 1826. 114. Connecticut Courant, January 25, 1831. 88. Columbian Register, May 19, 1827. The School us. Trustees Minutes, February 7, 1831. Fund had been set up at the time of the sale of Connect­ u6. Trustees Minutes, August 3, 1831. icut's lands in the Western Reserve of Ohio. The Con­ 117. Trustees Minutes, December 30, 1830. necticut Constitution established the fund on a perpetual u8. Calendar of Trinity College, 1847, p. 15. basis, the income "to be inviolably appropriated to the ug. Thomas C. Brownell [to whom it may concern], support and encouragement of the public, or common April 26, 1831, Trinity Parish (New York) Records, schools through the state ... said fund to be diverted to Church Office, Trinity Place, N.Y. This document and . .. [no] other use." (Article 8, Section 2.) In all fairness, the correspondence between the College and Trinity it must be pointed out that the $8,500 received by the Church, Trustees' resolutions, etc., were published by College was a loan and not a gift and that in the first Trinity Church as Papers Relating to the Part Endowment year the College paid $510 in interest. Register, May 19, of the Hobart Professorship, in (Washington, now) Trin­ 1827. ity College, By the Corporation of Trinity Church in the 8g. Episcopal Watchman, June 4, 1827; Connecticut City of New York (New York, 1853). Courant, May 7, 1827. 120. N. S. Wheaton to the Vestry of Trinity Church, go. Ibid.; Columbian Register, June 2, 1827. There May 9, 1831, Trinity Parish Records. are slight discrepancies in the two summaries of the re­ 121. Vestry Minutes, III, 64, Trinity Parish Records. port, but on the major items the figures are essentially 122. Memorial to the Vestry of Trinity Church in the same. Behalf of Washington College, signed by N. S. Wheaton, 91. Columbian Register, June 2, 1827. and undated in Papers Relating to the Part Endowment 92. Episcopal Watchman, June 4, 1827. of the Hobart Professorship, p. 13. 93· Ibid., June 18, 1827. 123. Trustees Minutes, September 27, 1832. 94· Ibid., June 25, 1827. 124. Trustees Minutes, November 14, 1832. 95. Quoted in Jarvis Means Morse, A Neglected Pe­ riod of Connecticut's History: z8z8-z8so (New Haven, 125. Vestry Minutes, III, 87, Trinity Parish Records; Trustees Minutes, December 20, 1833. 1933), p. 165. g6. Episcopal Watchman, June 4, 1827. 126. N. S. Wheaton to the Corporation of Trinity 97· Connecticut Courant, June u, 1827. Essentially Church, New York, January g, 1834, in Papers Relating the same letter was published in the Connecticut Mirror to the Part Endowment of the Hobart Professorship, p. for June 4, 1827, signed as "A Trustee of Washington 18. The complete subscription list is in the Washington College." In the Mirror of June u, 1827, "Trustee" College Catalogue for 1835, pp. 2~31. The subscription added what might be described as a short postscript in list for the Seabury Professorship, ibid., p. 31. which he again deplored the tactics of the writer in the 127. Agreement in Papers Relating to the Part En­ Herald, adding that "it is always easier to slander than dowment of the Hobart Professorship. to prove." 128. Schedule of the appointments to the Scholarships g8. Connecticut Courant, August 12, 1828. by Trinity Church, ibid., p. 21. 99· The Episcopal Watchman for May 2, 1829, noted 129. Geneva (Hobart) College had issued to every that the state of New York had, at various times, appro­ person who had subscribed to the original endowment priated to Columbia College, $86,255; to Union College, of that institution a certificate entitling him or his heirs $389,250; and to Hamilton College, $1o6,8oo; these or assigns one four-year tuition-free scholarship for each grants exclusive of land, the value of which was not $100.00 contributed. Later for each hundred-dollar con­ known to the writer. See the Church Register, October 4, tribution the privilege was limited to a twenty-year pe­ 1828. riod, and the last of these certificates was honored in 100. Connecticut Courant, May 12, 1829. 1939. Alan Willard Brown, Hobart College, pp. 12-13. 101. Connecticut Courant, May 26, 1829. 130. Vestry Minutes, III, 87, Trinity Parish Records. 102. Connecticut Courant, June 2, 1829. 131. From [Boston] Christian Register, XI ( 1832), 103. Connecticut Courant, June g, 1829. p. 163, in Historiographer of the Episcopal Diocese of 104. Jarvis Means Morse, A Neglected Period of Con- Connecticut, No. 7 (February, 1954), p. 1. necticut History, p. 165. 132. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 105. Connecticut Courant, May 25, 1830. necticut, 1831, pp. 22-23. 106. Connecticut Courant, May 10, 1831. 133. Trustees Brownell, Sigourney, Toucy, and Hunt­ 107. Connecticut Courant, May 24, 1831; Connecticut ington. Trustees Minutes, September 5, 1831. Courant, May 31, 1831. 134. Trustees Minutes, October 4, 1831. 108. Connecticut Courant, June 28, 1831. 135. Thomas Church Brownell, A Farewell Address to

311 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

the Students of Washington College . . ., (Hartford, 24. J. Bernard Gilpin to C. H. Proctor, March 29, 1832). 1873, in C. H. Proctor, Professor Jim, p. 72. 25. G. Monroe Royce, "Trinity College," The Church­ CHAPTER IV man, May g, 18g6. 1. Robert Tomes, My College Days (New York, 26. Ms. song in Trinity Collection, Trinity College. The 188o), p. 25. This volume was written by a member of Burning of Conic Sections was patterned after the Yale the Class of 1835 about forty-five years after his gradu­ custom of Burying Euclid, and a similar ceremony was tq ation. It is bitterly prejudiced against the College, and be found in each American college. The Yale song for the the author regarded his four college years as totally Burial of Euclid in 1854 was quite sinlilar to the Trinity wasted (p. 63). Much of what Tomes had to say is to be song quoted above. B. H. Hall, A Collection of College sharply qualified in view of his bias. The book is, never­ Words and Customs (Cambridge, Mass., 1856), pp. theless, the only extant, detailed account of college life 41-47· in this period. Jarvis Hall had forty-eight double rooms 27. A number of these announcements and program and two "privies" numbered 49 and so. B. H. Hall, A are bound into the Brainard Collection, Vol. IV, Trinity Collection of College Words and Customs (Cambridge, Collection, Trinity College. 1856), p. 336. 28. Robert Tomes, My College Days, p. 56. 2. Excerpt from Diary of J. Bernard Gilpin, entry for 29. Ibid., p. 29. November 26, 1830, in C. H. Proctor, The Life of 30. J. Bernard Gilpin to C. H. Proctor, March 29, ]ames Williams, Better Known as Professor ]im, for Half 1873, in C. H. Proctor, Professor Jim, p. 73· Benjamin a Century Janitor of Trinity College (Hartford, 1873), was crippled, probably the result of childhood illness, pp. 76-79. (Hereafter cited as C. H. Proctor, Professor [Merle M. Hoover, Park Beniamin, Poet & Editor (New Jim.) York, 1948), pp. 8-g] and this may have allowed him 3· The first recorded act of the Faculty (January 13, some privilege. 1826) was to direct the President to administer "publick 31. Episcopal Watchman, January 3, 182g. admonition" to two students for throwing a log down a 32. Washington College Catalogue, 1835, p. 25. stairs at night. Arthur Adams, "The Founding of Trinity 33· Thomas Church Brownell to Frederick Schroeder, College," p. 65. May 24, 1824, Trinity Collection, Trinity College. 4· Robert Tomes, My College Days, p. 26. 34· Thomas Church Brownell to Pardon Brownell, s. Laws of Washington College ( 1826) Chapter 2, February 14, 1824, quoted in Stephen A. Larrabee, "Trin­ Section 2. ity's First Foreign Tutor and Students," Trinity College 6. Thomas Church Brownell, Farewell Address to the Library Gazette, No. 4 (April, 1957), p. 15n. It is diffi­ Students of Washington College (Hartford, 1832), p. 6. cult to see why Bishop Brownell was so attracted to Cap­ 7· C. H. Proctor, Professor ]im, pp. 44-48. tain Partridge. The Captain was a rough man, uncouth 8. Robert Tomes, My College Days, pp. 54-55· and altogether innocent of the social graces, and it was g. Ibid., p. 35· common lmowledge that his administration at West Point 10. Ibid., pp. 33-34, 53· had been a failure, that he had been suspended from 11. Connecticut Courant, October 16, 1826. his superintendency, and that he had been allowed to 12. Robert Tomes, My College Days, pp. 3o-32. resign from the United States Army. K. P. Harrington, 13. Claude Moore Fuess, Amherst: The Story of a New The Background of Wesleyan, pp. 54-59. England College (Boston, 1935), pp. 98-126. 35· Carl F. Price, Wesleyan's First Century (Middle- 14. Episcopal Watchman, June 19, 1830. A checking town, 1932), p. 20. of the annual issue of the Catalogue of Washington 36. Trustees Minutes, May 5, 1828. College will show that the ratio of southern students in 37· Carl F. Price, Wesleyan's First Century, p. 20. the student body remained constant until the outbreak of 38. Washington College [Prospectus] ( 1824), p. 6. the Civil War. 39· Connecticut Courant, May 22, 1826; Ibid., June 15. Bernard C. Stiner, The History of Education in 26, 1826. Connecticut [No. 14 of Herbert B. Adams, ed., Contribu­ 40. Diary excerpt for November 26, 1830, of J. Ber­ tions to American Educational History] (Washington, nard Gilpin in C. H. Proctor, Professor Jim, p. 79; Con­ 1893), p. 247. necticut Courant, July 10, 1826. In November, 1825, 16. Robert Tomes, My College Days, pp. 113-114. Captain Partridge paraded his cadets on "the esplanade 17. Trinity College Bulletin, II (October, 1901), p. . .. before Washington College." K. P. Harrington, The 34· Background of Wesleyan, pp. 28-2g. 18. Robert Tomes, My College Days, p. 53· 41. Connecticut Courant, June 24, 1833. The Phalanx 19. Arthur Adams, "The Founding of Trinity College," may have also had some unrecorded part in the festivi­ p. 6s. ties which attended Henry Clay's visit to Hartford and 20. A "rusticated" student was usually placed in the to Washington College in November of 1833. Connecti­ care of a clergyman who kept the student abreast of his cut Courant, November 11, 1833; Robert Tomes, My class during his absence from the campus. In a later College Days, p. 59. period (the 185o's) the Reverend Nathaniel E. Com­ 42. G. Monroe Royce, "Trinity College," The Church­ wall '31, rector at Fairfield, Connecticut, seems to have man, May g, 18g6; Richard Henry Killip, Journal of a made a business of tutoring "rusticated" students. Trinity Residence and Tour in the United States of America in College Bulletin, II (October, 1901), p. 74· the year 1836-7, MS. in Sterling Memorial Library, Yale 21. Records of the Class of 1851, MS. in Trinity Col­ University. Entry of June-, 1836. lection, Trinity College. 43· Richard Henry Killip, Journal of a Residence and 22. Bernard C. Steiner, The History of Education in Tour of the United States of America in the year 1836-7, Connecticut, pp. 244-245. MS. in Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University. Entry 23. Laws of Washington College ( 1826), Chapter VI, of June 28, 1836; "Reminiscences of Nathaniel Oliver Section 1. Cornwall, M.D.," Trinity College Bulletin, I (June,

312 N 0 T E S

1901), p. 112. At Yale in the eighteenth century, the 6o. Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, academic gown had been worn both on campus and in p. 252. town. Louis Leonard Tucker, Puritan Protagonist: Presi­ 61. Trinity College Catalogue for 1904; Trinity Col­ dent Clap of Yale College (New Haven, 1962), p. 233. lege Bulletin, I (June, 1901), p. 97; Extracts from the 44· John Joseph Daly, "The Rt. Rev. Thomas Church Journal of the Annual Convention of the Diocese of Con­ Brownell," Typescript M.A. Thesis, 1947, Trinity Col­ necticut with an Appendix Containing Documents Relat­ lege, Hartford, pp. 3-4, g-10. Phi Beta Kappa at that ing to Washington College ... (Middletown, 1835), p. time still was very much a social and literary society and zo; Caroline D. Flanner, "The Reverend Augustus Fos­ had not acquired its present character. ter Lyde ( 1813-1834)," Lower Cape Fear Historical So­ 45· William Croswell Doane, The Life and Writings ciety Bulletin, IV (May, 1961), unpaged. of George Washington Doane (4 vols., New York, 186o- 62. Extracts from the Journal of the Annual Conven­ 61 ), I, 85. tion ... (Middletown, 1835), p. 21. 46. James Ross Sweeney '62, "A Brief History of the 63. The Hermethenean was sponsored by a student [Atheneum] Society," Trinity College Atheneum Society group known as "The Club of the Incogniti." The Trin­ Annual Report for 1960, unpaged. ity Tablet, July, 1868. 47· Catalogue of the Library and Members of the 64. Thomas Church Brownell, Farewell Address, p. Atheneum Society of Washington College (Hartford, 12. 1844), pp. 46, 55· Professor Doane, as befitted his title 65. Laws of Washington College ( 1826), Chapter of Professor of Oratory and Belles Lettres, was the first IV, Section 2. "faculty advisor." W. C. Doane, Life and Writings of 66. Connecticut Mirror, August 7, 1826. George Washington Doane, I, 89. 67. J. Bernard Gilpin to C. H. Proctor, March 29, 48. J. R. Sweeney, "A Brief History of the Society." 1873, in C. H. Proctor, Professor ]im, p. 74· Lyman 49· Laws of Washington College ( 1826), Chapter V, Stockbridge's tailor shop was on Main Street. John Ash­ Section 4· mead, The Wings of the Phoenix: Being a History of the so. The several Catalogues for Athenaeum ( 1844 and Birth and Development of the [Phoenix Insurance] Com­ 1853) are contradictory in that the number of members pany ([Hartford, 1954]), PP· 3o-31. admitted for each year is larger in the 1853 edition. The 68. W. C. Brocklesby, "Trinity College, Hartford," following figures may illustrate: 1826: 65 students in the Scribner's Monthly (March, 1876), p. 6o6. A number of college, 10 admitted to Athenaeum; 1829, 92 students, 4 "mock programs" can be found in the Brainard Collec­ admitted to Athenaeum; 1835; 48 students, 16 admitted tion, Trinity Collection, Trinity College. to Athenaeum; 1836: 63 students, 14 admitted to Athe­ 6g. Connecticut Courant, July 23, 1827. naeum; 1837: 59 students, 18 admitted to Athenaeum; 70. Bernard C. Steiner, The History of Education in 1843: 77 students, 16 admitted to Athenaeum. Despite Connecticut, p. 247. the "easy" admission to the literary societies, the mem­ 71. First Exhibition of the W. C. Association of the bers regarded themselves as a closely-bound brotherhood. Theta Beta Phi, December 18, 1828. This rare item of Upon the death of Deodatus Dutton of the class of 1828, Trinitiana is in the Connecticut Historical Society. the members of Parthenon wore "badges of mourning" 72. W. C. Brocklesby, "Trinity College, Hartford," for thirty days. Connecticut Courant, January 15, 1833. Scribner's Monthly (March, 1876), p. 610; G. Monroe 51. Catalogue of the Library and Members of the Royce, "Trinity College," The Churchman, May g, 18g6; Athenaeum (Hartford, 1853), passim. Bernard C. Steiner, The History of Education in Con­ 52. Letters of acceptance of membership are in Letter necticut, p. 243· Book labeled Letters From Honorary Members of the 73· Percival H. Whaley to Editor of Salisbury, N.C., Parthenon in Vault Collection, Trinity Collection, Hart­ Daily Sun, March 15, 1903, in Trinity College Bulletin, ford. Also elected to honorary membership were Wash­ III (April-June, 1903), 106; Bernard C. Steiner, The ington Irving, Noah Webster, John Greenleaf Whittier, History of Education in Connecticut, p. 247; Robert and William Cullen Bryant. Tomes, My College Days, pp. 34-35. 53. Catalogue of the Library and Members of the 74· Sereno B. Gammell, Class of 1924, History of the Athenaeum (Hartford, 1844), passim. Beta Beta Chapter, Manuscript in possession of Trinity 54· The catalogues of the College always listed the Chapter Psi Upsilon, kindly lent to the writer by the number of volumes in the combined society libraries fraternity. The essentially "social" character of this so­ when announcing the number of volumes available at the ciety may be surmised from the name "Black Book," College. which in the English universities was the gloomy volume 55· "Reminiscences of Nathaniel Oliver Cornwall, in which were recorded high crimes and misdemeanors M.D.," p. 112. of the undergraduates. B. H. Hall, College Words and 56. Robert Tomes, My College Days, p. 46. Customs, p. 28. 57· J. Bernard Gilpin to C. H. Proctor, March 29, 75· Catalogue of the Phi Kappa Fraternity of Trinity 1873, in C. H. Proctor, Professor Jim, p. 73· The political College 1835-1859 ( [n.p., n.d.]). This rare volume is consequences of religious questions were, however, oc­ in the Brainard Collection, IV, Trinity Collection, Trin­ casionally debated. Church-State relations and ecclesias­ ity College. tical establishment were debated by the Athenaeum in 76. Sereno B. Gammell, History of the Beta Beta 1832. Athenaeum Minutes, Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ Chapter. lege. 77· Robert Tomes, My College Days, p. 63. John Bige­ 58. "Reminiscences of Nathaniel Oliver Cornwall, low, who was to attain fame as President Lincoln's Min­ M.D.," p. 112. ister to France, and a student at Washington College 59· J. R. Sweeney, "A Brief History of the Society." from 1831 to 1834, regarded both curriculum and Fac­ A number of programs for these Society "Exhibitions" ulty as uninspiring, and seriously doubted whether it is in the Brainard Collection, Trinity Collection, Trinity made any difference to the Professor whether he learned CollE!ge. his lessons or not. He did, however, credit the College T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E with developing his taste for books. John Bigelow, Retro­ 10. Laws of Washington College ( 1826), Chapter I, spections of an Active Life ( 3 vols., New York, 1909), I, Section 6. 29-32. 11. Connecticut Courant, October g, 1826. 78. Contributions to the History of Christ Church, I, 12. Connecticut Mirror, October 2, 1826. 74-75· 13. Connecticut Mirror, October 2, 1826; ibid., Oc­ 79. Attendance was required of all students. Laws of tober g, 1826; and Connecticut Courant, October g, Washington College ( 1826), Chapter V, Section 6. Each 1826. Gellineau apparently had serious financial diffi­ student was taxed $1.50 for the Commencement Dinner. culties while in Hartford. When he left town he owed a Ibid., Chapter V, Section 7· local physician $u.oo for medical treatment of his wife 8o. Episcopal Watchman, August 6, 1827. and son, a debt which was never paid. Account Book of 81. Trustees Minutes, April 26, 1826. I have been un­ Mason I. Cogswell, M.D., MS. in CHS. able to determine the reason for conferring this degree. 14. Washington College Catalogue, 182g. Jolly was a saintly, old, high-church Scottish Bishop, but 15. Trustees Minutes, May 5, 1828. he seems to have had neither American interests nor 16. I.e., it would not count toward graduation. connections. J. B. Craven, History of. the Episcopal Dio­ 17. Trustees Minutes, April 12, 1831. cese of Moray (London, 1899), pp. 13D-141. This may 18. Ibid. have been an early example of the Diocese of Connecti­ 19. Calendar of Trinity College, 1849, p. 29. From cut's acknowledgement of gratitude to the Scottish Epis­ this point, French was taught as a junior course. copal Church for the bestowal of the Episcopate upon 20. Calendar of Trinity College, 1852, p. 13. Samuel Seabury. 21. Calendar of Trinity College, 1854, p. 12. 82. Connecticut Courant, August 12, 1828; Episcopal 22. See below. Watchman, August 9, 1828. 23. Stephen A. Larrabee, "Trinity's First Foreign Tu­ 83. Episcopal Watchman, August 15, 182g. tor and Students," Trinity College Library Gazette, No. 4 84. Episcopal Watchman, August 7, 1830;-Connecticut (April, 1957), pp. 14-15. Courant, August 10, 1830. 24. Ibid., PP· 15-16. 85. W. C. Brocklesby, "Trinity College, Hartford," 25. Ibid., pp. 16--17. Scribner's Monthly (March, 1876), p. 6og. In the mid- 26. Ibid. 183o's, the practice of preceding the Commencement 27. Connecticut Courant, September 15, 1834. proper with Morning Prayer was adopted. Connecticut 28. Stephen A. Larrabee, "Trinity's First Foreign Tu­ Courant, August 11, 1834. tor and Students," pp. 17-18. 86. Connecticut Courant, August 2, 1831. 29. Catalogus CoUegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 87. Connecticut Courant, July 31, 1832. p. 70; Trustees Minutes, August 11, 1830. 88. Connecticut Courant, July 29, 1833; ibid., August 30. Stephen A. Larrabee, "Trinity's First Foreign Tu­ 4, 1834· tor and Students," pp. 19, 27. Stamatiadis taught for a 8g. Catalogus Colegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM year in the Episcopal Academy of Connecticut before (Hartford, 1goo), p. 23; J. Hammond Trumbull, The his return to Greece. In 1835 a second Greek student, Memorial History of Hartford County, I, 438. John Anastakis, entered the college. Anastakis was grad­ go. Connecticut Courant, August 5, 1833. The Brai­ uated in 1837. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinita­ nard Collection of Pamphlets in the Trinity Collection, tis, MCM, p. 34· Trinity College, has a number of copies of the sermons 31. Trustees Minutes, June 14, 1826. and poems. 32. I am very much indebted to Mrs. Arthur V. R. 91. The earliest program for a Washington College Tilton of Hartford, Connecticut, for her kindness in Commencement Ball (that for 1831) is in the Connecti­ gathering material on Dr. Jarvis. Mrs. Tilton is preparing cut Historical Society. a full-length biography of Jarvis. 33· Samuel Farmar Jarvis to James F . De Peyster, CHAPTER V September 8, 1825, Jarvis Papers, I: 115, Connecticut 1. Until the administration of George Williamson State Library, Hartford (Hereafter cited C.S.L.); Joseph Smith ( 1883-1904), no president served for more than Breed Berry, History of Diocese of Massachusetts, 1810- eleven years. 1870 (Boston, 1959), pp. 2o-21. 2. pp. 254-255. 34· S. F . Jarvis to J. F. De Peyster, December 2, 1825, 3· MS. of address delivered by President Flavel S. !:119, C.S.L.; Jarvis to De Peyster, March 5, 1826, !:124, Luther before the Hartford Chamber of Commerce, C.S.L. April 5, 1916, in folder labeled "Historical Information" 35· The "Wheaton Collection" in the present College #1 in Alumni Office, Trinity College. Library is a reconstruction of the College's first library 4· Address of President George Williamson Smith at and is based on the list of books which Wheaton himself dedication of the Hall of Natural History at Trinity Col­ made of the collection. An examination of this collection lege, December 7, 1900, Trinity College Bulletin, I (June, suggests that in addition to the fact that the titles are 1901), pp. 8-g. largely scientific and theological, Wheaton's basis of selec­ 5· Trustees Minutes, passim. tion was largely one of age. Both the scientific and theo­ 6. In the Catalogue for 1829, of the 92 students, 13 logical titles were probably obsolete at the time of their were in the Partial Course. By 1835, there were only two purchase. students in the Partial Course. In 1836, there were three. 36. S. F. Jarvis to J. F. De Peyster, December 2, 1825, In 1837, there were two. None were listed for 1838. In Jarvis Papers, I:ug, C.S.L. 1840, there were three. In 1841, there were no students 37· Robert Tomes, My College Days, pp. 46--47. listed for the Partial Course. 38. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 7· Washington College Catalogue, 1839, p. 14. necticut, 1826, p. 31. 8. Trustees Minutes, May 31, 1825. 39· Samuel Hart, "Trinity College, Hartford," New g. Trustees Minutes, April 26, 1826. England Magazine, IV (May, 1886), p. 401. N 0 T E S

40. S. F. Jarvis to J. F. De Peyster, September 2, not until 1865 that the college libraries (including those 1830, Jarvis Papers, II: 128, C.S.L.; William Maclean to of the Societies) again contained 14,000 volumes. Cata­ S. F. Jarvis, August 5, 1833, Samuel Farmar Jarvis Pa­ logue of Trinity College, 1865, p. 25. Margaret Clapp pers, New York Public Library; Receipt to Miss Fanny erroneously states that in 1834 the Washington College Scholl of Lausanne, dated Berne, August 10, 1834, Sam­ Library contained only 88o volumes. Forgotten First uel Farmar Jarvis Papers, New York Public Library. Citizen: John Bigelow (Boston, 1947), p. g. 41. Robert Tomes, My College Days, p. 47· 6o. Charles Sigourney to Samuel Farmar Jarvis, March 42. Statement of the Course of Study and Instruction 25, 1828. Samuel Farmar Jarvis Papers, Church His­ Pursued at Washington College ... with a Catalogue of torical Society, Microfilm II, in Archives of the Diocese the Officers and Students (Hartford, 1835), p. 24. of Connecticut, Trinity College, Hartford. 43· Catalogue of Washington College, 1837, p. 12. In 61. Resolves and Private Laws of the State of Con­ 1835, Yale had but 1o,ooo volumes; in 1843 Brown had necticut, II, 46g. w,ooo; and as late as 186o Williams had only 8,ooo. 62. "Sidney George Fisher, L.H.D., Lecturer on Charles. F. Thwing, A History of Higher Education in Law," Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), America (New York, 1go6), p. 410. P· 61. 44· Information supplied by Mrs. Arthur V. R. Tilton. 63. This was the famous proprietary Law School es­ C.f. Geoffrey Keynes, The Library of Edward Gibbon: A tablished in 1784 by Judge Tapping Reeve, and operated Catalogue of his books (London, 1940), p. 30. by Judge James Gould since 1820. 45· Trustees Minutes, January 24, 1833. 64. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1827. 46. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1828. 65. "Sydney George Fisher, L. H. D., Lecturer on 47· Sigourney wrote to Jarvis ( 1828): "We must es­ Law," Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1goo), tablish for ourselves a school of Theology in this place." pp. 61-62. Jarvis Papers II, Church Historical Society, Microfilm II, 66. Catalogue of Washington College, 1829, p. 11. in Archives of the Diocese of Connecticut, Trinity Col­ Charles Sigourney doubtless exaggerated the scope of lege, Hartford. C.f., Trustees Minutes, August 10, 1830. Ellsworth's law instruction when he wrote to Samuel On September 23, 1830, the Trustees re-defined Pyne's Farmar Jarvis: "Wm. Ellsworth, as Professor of Law, title as Professor of Moral Sciences and Belles Lettres. has already established a law school, & is delivering a Trustees Minutes, September 23, 1830. course of lectures in the College on the different branches 48. Statement of the Course of Study ... ( 1835), p. of Jurisprudence." Sigourney to Jarvis, March 25, 1828, 10. in Samuel Farmar Jarvis Papers, Church Historical So­ 49· Extracts from the Journal of the Annual Conven­ ciety Microfilm, II, in Archives of Diocese of Connecti­ tion of the Diocese of Coimecticut . . . (Hartford, 1835), cut, Trinity College, Hartford. pp. 17-18; S. F. Jarvis to J. F. De Peyster, November 28, 67. "Sidney George Fisher, L.H.D., Lecturer on Law," 1835, Jarvis Papers, IV: 166, C.S.L.; S. F. Jarvis to J. F. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), pp. 62-63. De Peyster, February 5, 1836, ibid. 68. The Catalogue for 1903 is the last to list lectures so. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ on the Constitution of the United States. necticut, 1835, pp. 7-8. 6g. Trustees Minutes, September 26, 1832. In 1828 51. Trustees Minutes, August 3, 1836. Jarvis hoped to John Smyth Rogers, M.D., had been hired as Professor return to the General Theological Seminary- to be "re­ of Chemistry and Mineralogy, and at that time Charles instated," as he put it. S. F. Jarvis to J. F. De Peyster, Sigourney expressed the hope that Rogers would be able September 14, 1835, Jarvis Papers, IV: 162, C.S.L. to develop a School of Medicine in connection with the 52. Trustees Minutes, February 28, 1837. Jarvis wrote College. Sigourney to Samuel Farmar Jarvis, March 25, to a friend in most derogatory terms of the "incompe­ 1828, Samuel Farmar Jarvis Papers, Church Historical tency" of the Trustees. S. F. Jarvis to J. F. De Peyster, Society Microfilm II, in Archives of the Diocese of Con­ April14, 1837, Jarvis Papers, IV, C.S.L. necticut, Trinity College. In 1828 the "medical gentle­ 53· Trustees Minutes, May 4, 1837. men" of the Hartford community upon whom the Col­ 54· Trustees Minutes, May 4, 1837. There can be no lege expected to depend for medical instruction were doubt that Jarvis was "ambitious" nor that he had sup­ Drs. Rogers, Hall, Sumner, and Woodward. Ibid. port, albeit mostly outside the College. In 1835, he was 70. Trustees Minutes, August 5, 1835. supported by Bishops H. U. Onderdonk, Brownell, and 71. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, Doane for the Bishopric of the Diocese of Delaware. p. 15; Catalogue of Washington College, 1838, p. 5· H. U. Onderdonk to Samuel Farmar Jarvis, December Beresford was a graduate in medicine of the University 30, 1835, in Samuel Farmar Jarvis Papers, Church His­ of Edinburgh ( 1826) and was highly regarded in Hart­ torical Society Microfilm II, in Archives of Diocese of ford for his surgical skill. J. Hammond Trumbull, The Connecticut, Trinity College, Hartford; Samuel Farmar Memorial History of Hartford County, 1633-1884 ( 2 Jarvis to G. W. Doane, January 8, 1836, ibid. vols., Boston, 1886), I, 144. 55. S. F. Jarvis to J. F. De Peyster, March 31, 1837, 72. Calendar of Trinity College, 1852, p. 13. Jarvis Papers, IV:2og, C.S.L. 73· Calendar of Trinity College, 1855, pp. 27-28. 56. "Samuel Farmar Jarvis," Appleton's Encyclopedia 74· Robert Tomes, My College Days, pp. 5o-52. Abner of American Biography, III, 405. Jackson, A.B. 1837, was appointed Classics Tutor in 57· Sister M. Hildegarde Yeager, C.S.C., The Life of 1837, and in 1838 he was made Adjunct Professor of An­ ]ames Roosevelt Bayley (Washington, D.C., 1947), p. cient Languages. In 1840 he was made Professor of In­ 25. tellectual and Moral Philosophy and Lecturer in Chem­ 58. S. F. Jarvis to J. F. De Peyster, February 5, 1839, istry and Mineralogy. Trustees Minutes, August 5, 1840. Jarvis Papers, V:32, C.S.L. The appraisal was given by 75· "George Washington Doane," Encyclopaedia Bri­ Chancellor Kent of New York. Cf.: Wyman W. Parker, tannica, uth ed. "The Jarvis Library," The Serif, I (July, 1964), pp. 5-18. 76. General Catalog of Dartmouth College and the 59. Calendar of Trinity College, 1847, J:>· 11. It was Associated Schools, 1796-1925 (Hanover, 1925), p. 109. T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L . L E G E

77· Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 112. G. Monroe Royce, "Trinity College," The p. 70. Churchman, May g, 18g6. 78. Trustees Minutes, August 6, 1828. 113. Episcopal Watchman, Aprilz, 1827. 7g. Trustees Minutes, May 5, 1828. 114. Connecticut Courant, August 12, 1828. Bo. Trustees Minutes, December 30, 1830. 115. Trustees Minutes, August 11 , 1830. 81. Trustees Minutes, September 5, 1831. 116. Trustees Minutes, August 4, 1831. At the meet­ Bz. Trustees Minutes, August 3, 1836. ing at which the Trustees voted $300 for philosophical 83. Trustees Minutes, May 4, 1837. In 1830 Hawkes apparatus, they also voted $zoo for the increase of the and Pyne had been appointed at this salary (Trustees Library. A month later the Trustees adopted a resolution Minutes, August 1, 1830), but as they did not serve, asking the Twenty-first Congress of the United States to Good was the first to receive a salary of $1,000. pass a copyright law and to require that a copy of each 84. Trustees Minutes, August 5, 1840; ibid., August 6, copyrighted book be supplied gratis to each incor­ 1840. porated college and university in the United States. Trus­ 85. Trustees Minutes, August 3, 1837; ibid., July 31, tees Minutes, October 4, 1831. 183g. It may be pointed out in passing that Nathaniel 117. Robert Tomes tells us that it was a favorite sport Wheaton was appointed President of the College in 1831 of the undergraduates to ask the caretaker the name of at a salary of $1,zoo. Trustees Minutes, October 4, 1831. a particular plant. The invariable reply, says Tomes, was 86. Catalogue of Washington College, 1835, pp. 18-zo. "cactus grandiflorus, from Sengal, or some other part of 87. Catalogue of Washington College, 1837, p. 6. South America." My College Days, p. 27. 88. Catalogue of Washington College, 1838, p. g. 118. Connecticut Courant, September 1g, 1836. Bg. The wide distribution for 1830, described above, ug. Joseph H. Thompson, M.D., An Oration De­ prevailed (except for the mid-183o's when there were livered Before the Associate Alumni of Washington Col­ practically no southern students) until 1861. lege, August 5, 1840 (Hartford, 1840), p. 3; Trustees go. See Officers, Teachers, and Alumni of tb.e Episcopal Minutes, August 5, 1840. Academy of Connecticut, passim. 120. Professor Doane gave the oration in 1826. Con­ g1. Isaac Edward Crary, Valedictorian '27, entered necticut Courant, July 10, 1826. In 18zg the celebration from Bacon Academy. Before entering Harvard, Park was held at the College. Connecticut Courant, July 3, Benjamin attended Bacon Academy and the school (later 18zg. known as Linden Hall) at Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, 121. Connecticut Courant, November g, 1835; Con­ conducted by Charles W. Greene. Benjamin transferred necticut Courant, November 16, 1835. to Washington College after his sophomore year. Mr. 122. John Joseph Daly, "The Right Reverend Thomas Greene's sChool was described by the novelist, George Church Brownell," Typescript M.A. Thesis ( 1947), W. Curtis, as one in which great emphasis was placed Trinity College, p. z6. upon character development, but in which "the boys did 123. Robert Tomes, My College Days, p. 54· not learn any thing." Merle M. Hoover, Park Benfamin: 124. A description of the public examination is in Sis­ Poet & Editor (New York, 1g48), pp. 11-15. Robert ter M. Hildegarde Yeager, C.S.C., The Life of ]ames Tomes was a graduate of Columbia Grammar School in Roosevelt Bayley, p. 18. In 1828, the College noted that New York City. "it is mortifying to be compelled to mention that the gz. John Bigelow, Retrospections of an Active Life friends of learning in the vicinity of the College so gen­ (3 vols., New York, 1gog), I, z6-z8. erally withheld their attendance." Episcopal Watchman, g3. John William Heriot Brownfield, 1827, was grad­ December zo, 1828. uated from the Clarmont Academy in Statesburg, S.C. 125. Episcopal Watchman, October 11, 1828. In 183g, Brownfield File, Alumni Office, Trinity College. there were only three students who were members of g4. Robert Tomes, My College Days, p. 38. churches other than the Episcopal. Journal of the Con­ 95· Chronicle of the Church, August 11, 1837. vention, Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut for 1839, p. g6. Episcopal Watchman, November 21, 18zg. For 38. In the Chronicle of the Church, June 8, 1838, a writer the charter of the Academy see Resolves and Private to that paper attempted to show a close relationship be­ Laws, I, 8-g. tween the College and the Church, declaring that they g7. Contributions to the History of Christ Church, I, were mutually dependent and mutually helpful. 6gn. 126. Journal of the Convention of the Episcopal Dio­ g8. Clifton Hartwell Brewer, A History of Religious cese of Connecticut, 1831, p. g. Education in the Episcopal Church to 1835 (New Haven, 127. Ibid., 1834, p. 19. 1g24), p. z6g. 128. Extracts from the journal of the Annual Conven­ gg. Ibid., 270. tion of the Diocese of Connecticut held at Middletown 100. Catalogue of Washington College, 1835, p. g. from the 13th to the 15th of Oct. 1835 with an Appendix 101. Catalogue of Washington College, 1835, p. zo; Containing Documents Relating to Washington C allege ibid., 1836, p. s; ibid., 1837, p. 6. and the Church Scholarship Society (Middletown, 1835). 102. Catalogue of Washington College, 1845, p. g. 129. Trustees Minutes, May 4, 1837. 103. See above. 130. Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ 104. Trustees Minutes, May 31, 1825. necticut, 1839, p. 13. 105. Episcopal Watchman, May 14, 1827. 131. Totten stated: "The tone of religious feeling 106. Episcopal Watchman, July g, 1827. among the students in general, is decidedly bettet than 107. Episcopal Watchman, July 23, 1827. Poinsett it was one year ago, and I have every- reason to hope was then United States Minister to Mexico. [that it] is still improving." Journal of the Convention, 108. Episcopal Watchman, December 6, 1828. Diocese of Connecticut for 1839, p. 38. 10g. Episcopal Watchman, July 16, 1827. 132. Catalogue of Washington College, 1835, p. z6. 110. Episcopal Watchman, August g, 1828. 133. Catalogue of Washington College, 1835, p. 25. 111. Episcopal Watchman, September 27, 1828. The funds "not yet productive" were probably unpaid N 0 T E S pledges to the endowed Professorships which were pay­ 156. Church Chronicle and Record, June 2, 1843. able only upon the death of the donor. The money of the 157. In 1843, Kenyon was obliged to sell a large por­ Seabury Professorship was invested in Phoenix Bank tion of her lands to satisfy the debt which had been in­ stock. Trustees Minutes, August 2, 1837. curred . Church Chronicle and Record, June 27, 1843. In 134. Ibid., p. 28. October of 1843, Bishop Mcilvaine of Ohio was in Hart­ 135. Trustees Minutes, August 4, 1836. ford trying to raise money for Kenyon. Hartford Daily 136. J. Hammond Trumbull, The Memorial History of Courant, November 2, 1843. Hartford County, I, 345· 158. Trustees Minutes, June 15, 1843. 137. Bowdoin incurred an annual defi cit of about 159. Trustees Minutes, August 2, 1843, and August 3, $2,000. Charles F. Thwing, A History of Higher Educa­ 1843· tion in America ( ew York, 1906), p. 281. See also ibid., 160. Trustees Minutes, August 3, 1843. This was the p. 331. first graduate scholarship at the College. 138. In fact, the number of students increased from 161. Church Chronicle and Record, September 1, 1843. 63 in 1836 to 65 in 1837, and to 82 in 1838. Several stu­ 162. Church Chronicle and Record, November 3, 1843. dents found themselves without sufficient funds to con­ 163. Church Chronicle and Record, January 26, 1844. tinue in the College without outside financial assistance, 164. Church Chronicle and Record, March 1, 1844. and President Totten was obliged to request Episcopal 165. Trustees Minutes, July 31, 1844. The subscrip­ parishes to underwrite individual students on a year-to­ tion form was for a "Charity Fund," and the subscription year basis. Silas Totten to Samuel F armar Jarvis, October list noted many contributions made subject to their being 10, 1838, in Jarvis Papers , V, C.S.L. added to the scholarship fund. Subscription Book of 139. Charles W. Burpee, The First Century of the Charity Fund, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Phoenix National Bank of Hartford ( Hartford, 1914), Hartford. PP· 5o-52 · 166. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1844. 140. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1838. The Thomas 167. Hartford Daily Courant, April 3, 1845. Backus Scholarship had been founded and endowed in 168. Trustees Mioutes, May 8, 1845. 1837 by the Reverend Stephen Jewett of New Haven. 169. Episcopal Watchman, March 26, 1827. A news The Christ Church Scholarship was founded in 1839 and item in the Hartford Daily Courant ( ovember 23, other scholarships, to be described later, were completed 1846) at the time of the building's dedication declared in the early 184o's. Chronicle of the Church, August 11, that the third building was part of the original plan. 1837; Calendar of Trinity College, 1847, pp. 18-21. In 170. Hartford Daily Courant, November 23, 1846. 1839 Professor Rogers relinquished a claim against the 171. The incident was reported, probably with some College for $400 spent by Dr. Rogers for "various articles exaggeration, in the New York papers and called for an employed in the Laboratory during his connexion with official explanation by the College officials. Hartford the College" with the understanding that the sum of Daily Courant, July 31, 1845; ibid., August 2, 1845; ibid., $400 should be designated as a scholarship fund. Con­ August 3, 1845. tribu.tions to the History of Christ Church, I, 143-145; 172. Trustees Minutes, August 6, 1845. In the earlier Trustees Minutes, July 3, 1839. chapters the present writer has taken the liberty of refer­ 141. See below. ring to these buildings by the more formal names. 142. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1838. The Chronicle 173. Hartford Daily Courant, ovember 23, 1846. of the Church, June 8, 1838, announced that the College 174. Calendar of Trinity College, 1847, pp. 19-21. was planning to erect a new building in order to increase 175. Frederick Rudolph, "Who Paid the Bills? An In­ the number of students "so [that] the college may grow quiry ioto the Nature of Nineteenth-Century College Fi­ with the Church's increase." It will be noted that the nance," Harvard Educational Review, XXXI ( Spring, Chronicle had announced the plan for a new building al­ 1961 ), 153-156. most two months before action was taken by the Trus­ 176. Trustees Minutes, August 7, 1845. tees. 177. Trustees Minutes, August 6, 1845. 143. Hartford Daily Courant, May 9, 1839. 178. Hartford Daily Courant, September 24, 1845; 144. Hartford Daily Courant, June 1, 1839. Trustees Minutes, August 6, 1846. 145. Trustees Minutes, August 15, 1843; ibid., August 179. Hartford Daily Courant, August 28, 1846. 2, 1843· 180. Hartford Daily Courant, November 23, 1846. 146. Trustees Minutes, August 4, 1841. 147. Trustees Minutes, August 5, 1841. Bliss Street is CHAPTER VI now Trinity Street. 1. Thomas Church Brownell, Farewell Address to the 148. Hartford Times, August 31, 1840. Students of Washington College (Hartford, 1832 ), pp. 149. Practical Christian and Church Chronicle, Jan­ 12-13. uary 22, 1841. 2. Catalogue of Washington College, 1835, p. 4· 150. Practical Christian and Church Chronicle, Jan-' 3· That of 1830 was conducted by Bishop Hobart of uary 29, 1841. New York, the Rev. Dr. Wainwright, the Rev. Professors 151. It might be noted in passing that during this Turner and Moore of the General Seminary, James Bow­ period the secular press in Hartford was equally oblivious den, Esq., and the Reverends Horatio Potter and George of the College. Washington Doane. Episcopal Watchman, August 29, 152. Practical Christian and Church Chronicle, May 1830. 27, 1842. 4· Proceedings of the General Theological Seminary, 153. Practical Christian and Church Chronicle, Au­ pp. 476, 495-497, 554-557, 588-590, 645-647. The Col­ gust 12, 1842. lege's distinguishing characteristic seems to have been its 154. Hartford Daily Courant, August 23, 1842; Ibid., size and the small number of men in the graduating ovember 1, 1842. classes. In 1844, there were only twelve graduates . The 155. Church Chronicle and Record, May 12, 1843. University of Pennsylvania then had 20; Yale had 104;

317 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

Union had 83; Dartmouth had 59; Harvard had 54; notoriety by unsuccessfully proposing a Canon forbid­ Williams had 33; Brown had z6; Wesleyan had 17; and ding the use of incense, crucifixes, and the elevation of the Middlebury had 12. Hartford Daily Courant, October 15, Host. George E. DeMille, The Catholic Movement in the 1844· American Episcopal Church (Philadelphia, second edi­ 5· Journal of the Convention of the Diocese of Con­ tion, I950),pp. 1I5-117, I23. necticut, 1829; ibid., 1837, p. zg. In 1837, John Williams zg. Ibid., p. 115. stated that the Hartford Trustees (members of Christ 30. Trustees Minutes, August 6, 1845. Church) "pretty much rule the board." John Williams to 31. A. Cleveland Coxe to S. F. Jarvis, December 18, Samuel Farmar Jarvis, May 3, 1837, Samuel Farmar Jar­ I846, Samuel Farmar Jarvis Papers, II, Church His­ vis Papers, V, Church Historical Society Microfilm, in torical Society Microfilm, in Archives of the Diocese of Archives of the Diocese of Connecticut, Trinity College, Connecticut, Trinity College, Hartford. Hartford. 32. George E. DeMille, The Catholic Movement, p. 83. 6. Episcopal Watchman, March 26, 1827; Journal of 33· R. R. Cross to S. F. Jarvis, November 4, I848, in the Convention of the Diocese of Connecticut, 1827, p. g; Samuel Farmar Jarvis Papers, II, Church Historical So­ Contributions to the History of Christ Church, passim. ciety Microfilm in Archives of the Diocese of Connecti­ 7· Chronicle of the Church, June 8, 1838. cut, Trinity College, Hartford. 8. E. Clowes Chorley, Men and Movements in the 34· Coxe to S. F. Jarvis, November 22, 1848, ibid., II. American Episcopal Church (New York, 1946), p. 167. 35· [Nelson R. Burr], A History of St. John's Church, g. E. C. Chorley, Men and Movements, pp. 167, 235- P· 54· 236, 255, z6g, 275; William Croswell Doane, The Life 36. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, and Writings of George Washington Doane, (4 vols., P· 23. New York, 186o-1861 ), I, uzff. 37· Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1837. 10. James Roosevelt Bayley '35, Roman Archbishop of 38. Trustees Minutes, August 2, I837· Baltimore, who studied theology with Jarvis upon gradu­ 39· January zo, I843· ation from the College, wrote to his classmate, John Wil­ 40. George S. DeMille, The Catholic Movement, p. liams, October z6, 1842: "High-Churchmanship led me 36. to Rome, as it has led and is lil:ely to lead many others." 41. "Alumnus" was wrong on this point, for daily Sister M. Hildegarde Yeager, The Life of James Roose­ Morning and Evening Prayers were part of the College s velt Bayley, pp. 25, 66. regular program. Catalogue of Washington College, I842, 11. Actually Wheaton was not technically a member p. 14. of the Board of Trustees since his resignation in Febru­ 42. The Churchman, December 2I, I842. ary, 1837· 43· The Churchman, December 2I, 1842. 12. Burgess was later to be described as a "High 44· Catalogue of Trinity College, 1845, pp. 21-22; Church Evangelical." Article "Burgess" in Appleton's Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1844. Cyclopaedia of American Biography. 45· Trustees Minutes, May 8, I845. 13. John Williams to Samuel Farmar Jarvis, May 3, 46. Trustees Minutes, undated. I837, Samuel Farmar JarviS Papers, V, Church Historical 47· Hartford Daily Courant, May 24, 1845. Society Microfilm, Archives of the Diocese of Connecti­ 48. E. E. Beardsley, History of the Episcopal Church cut, Trinity College, Hartford. in Connecticut, II, 251n. 14. Burgess had come to Hartford from the Eastern 49· Trustees Minutes, July 31, I844· Diocese and had been ordained by Bishop Griswold, the so. Trustees Minutes, August I, I844. Evangelical leader in the Northeast. 51. Trustees Minutes, July 31, 1844. 15. Bernard C. Steiner, The History of Education in 52. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1844. Connecticut, p . 246. 53· Arthur Cleveland Coxe to Samuel Farmar Jarvis, I6. "Episcopal Address," Journal of the Convention August I3, 1844, Samuel Farmar Jarvis Papers, II, of the Diocese of Connecticut, 1837, p. g. Church Historical Society Microfilm, Archives of the 17. See below. Diocese of Connecticut. It is interesting to note that Coxe 18. Episcopal Address of Bishop Brownell, June 8, used the name "Trinity College" more than nine months I84I, in Practical Christian and Church Chronicle, June before the name was officially changed. 25, 1841. 54· [Winifred Robert Martin], "The Administration Ig. Practical Christian and Church Chronicle, Jan­ of President Smith," Trinity College Bulletin, III (July, uary 28, I842. Despite his protests, Chapin was identi­ 1903), p. g. The Isis and the Cam were the rivers which fied with the "Low Church" group, a fact evidenced flowed through Oxford and Cambridge, England. by his news reporting and editorial policy. 55. Trustees Minutes, August 6, 1845. zo. [Nelson R. Burr], A History of St. John's Church, s6. Pp. Ig-23. Hartford, Connecticut [ (Hartford, 1941) ], pp. I7-18. 57· Catalogue of Trinity College, I845, p. 4; Trustees 21. Ibid., p. 23, 49ff. Minutes, August 6, I845; ibid., August 7, I845· zz. Ibid., pp. 35-36. 58. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 23. Ibid., pp. zo-21. pp. 24-25. 24. Ibid., p. sz. 59· John Williams, Academic Studies: An Inaugural 25. Practical Christian and Church Chronicle, July I, Discourse, Pronounced Before the Senate of Trinity Col­ I842. lege, Hartford (Hartford, I849), p. zg. 26. [Nelson R. Burr], A History of St. John's Church, p. 6o. [W. R. Martin], "The Administration of Presi­ sz. dent Smith," p. g. 27. Hartford Daily Courant, August 26, 1843. 61. J. Williams, The Christian Scholar: His Position, z8. Mead has been described as "one of the arch-op­ His Dangers, and His Duties: An Address Pronounced ponents of ritual." In 1878 he achieved a considerable Before the House of Convocation of Trinity College, N 0 T E S

Hartford, August Vth, MDCCCXLVI (Hartford, 1846), 85. Coxe to Jarvis, May 2, 1848, Samuel Farmar Jar­ PP· s-6. vis Papers, II, Church Historical Society Microfilm, in 62. Trustees Minutes, passim. Archives of the Diocese of Connecticut, Trinity College, 63. In 1845 only eleven of the twenty-four Trustees Hartford, Conn. Italics are in the original. were clergymen. Trinity College Catalogue, 1845, p. 3· 86. Trustees Minutes, August 2, 1848. 64. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 87. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1838. PP· 18-23. 88. Trustees Minutes, August 2, 1848. 65. Trustees Minutes, passim. 8g. Trustees Minutes, August 3, 1848. 66. Trustees Minutes, September 20, 1848. go. A[bner] Jackson to Samuel Farmar Jarvis, Au­ 67. A copy of the Act is in the Trustees Minutes under gust 24, 1848, Presidents' Papers, Trinity Collection, date of July 23, 184g. Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. 68. [W. R. Martin], "The Administration of President g1. Trustees Minutes, September 20, 1848. Smith," Trinity College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), p. 10. g2. Trustees Minutes, April 1, 1850. 6g. The Aims, Accomplishments, and Needs of Trinity College: A Statement by the Trustees to its Alumni and CHAPTER VII Friends [ (Hartford, 1go3) ], p. 7· 1. The population in 1850 was 13,555; in 186o it was 70. Trustees Minutes, April 2, 1850. A later tradition 2g,152; and by 1870 it reached 37,743- a growth of of the College was that the organ was originally the 178 per cent between 1850 and 1870. Albert E. Van property of William Willcox '4g who later achieved re­ Dusen, Connecticut (New York [1g61] ), p. 246. nown in Boston as an organ virtuoso, and that when Will­ 2. Albert E. VanDusen, Connecticut, p. 323. cox's creditors attached the student's personal property, 3· Trustees Minutes, February 16, 1852. the College purchased the instrument for the Chapel. 4· Catalogue of the Officers and Graduates of Trinity The Trinity Tablet, March, 1874; ibid., July 3, 1875. College, Hartford (Hartford, 1855), p. 7; "Historical 71. Extracts from the Journal of the Annual Conven­ Sketch of Trinity College," The Connecticut Common tion of the Diocese of Connecticut Held at Middletown School Journal and Annals of Education, X (June, 1855), ... 1835, with an appendix containing Documents Re­ p. 2g5. There are in fue Connecticut Historical Society lating to Washington College and the Church Scholar­ several interesting maps which show the proposed park ship Society (Middletown, 1835), p. 21. as well as the area as finally developed. In 185g the Col­ 72. [Nelson R. Burr], A History of St. John's Church, lege completed a drive which connected with one of p. 62. those through the Park. Hartford Daily Courant, April 73- Ibid., p. so. 1g, 18sg. 74· Hartford Daily Courant, November 7, 1845. 5· Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1844. 75· His academic claim to fame was a textbook, New 6. Hartford Daily Courant, March 23, 1846; Trustees Introduction to Algebra (New York, 1836). Minutes, August 4, 1847. 76. Hartford Daily Courant, March 25, 183g. 7· Calendar of Trinity College, 1850, p. 8. 77· Phrenology, it must be pointed out, was perfectly 8. Circular dated October, 1852, in Brainard Collec­ respectable, for Totten was joined in his endorsements by tion, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Rector Coxe and Professor Stewart, Hartford Daily g. Catalogue of the Officers and Graduates of Trinity Courant, October 2g, 183g; ibid., July 1g, 1844. College, Hartford (Hartford, 1855) p. 7; Calendar of 78. [Nelson R. Burr], A History of St. John's Church, p. Trinity College, 1857, p. g. 6o. 10. The younger Jarvis adopted the unique spelling 7g. Coxe wrote to Dr. Jarvis: "Poor Totten will not of his middle name after his graduation from Trinity. go of his own accord; & yet the College is evidently suf­ 11. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, fering for his stay." Coxe to Jarvis, September 27, 1845, pp. 13-17. Samuel Farmar Jarvis Papers, II, Church Historical So­ 12. Trustees Minutes, July 2g, 1853. ciety Microfilm, in Archives of Diocese of Connecticut, 13. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1goo}, p. Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut. 138. 8o. Spring vacation was of four weeks beginning the 14. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, Thursday before the twelfth of April. P· 17. 81. Hartford Daily Courant, June 16, 1846. 15. The first card catalog was not made until the 82. John Williams reported to Dr. Jarvis: "Totten ... 187o's. Trinity College Bulletin, I (April, 1goo), p. 117. still makes his fight and shows his teeth. How silly to stir 16. See above. up a tempest wiiich can hurt nobody but himself." Wil­ 17. Report of the Librarian, 1857-185g, MS. in Trin- liams to Jarvis, November 11, 1846, Samuel Farmar Jar­ ity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. vis Papers, II, Church Historical Society Microfilm, in 18. Trinity College Bulletin, II (April, 1g02), p. 35· Archives of Diocese of Connecticut, Trinity College, 1g. See above. Hartford, Connecticut. 20. Calendar of Trinity College, 1856, p. 15. Hartford 83. From a student body of 83 in 1845-46 ( Cata­ Daily Courant, February g, 1856. The Trustees regarded logue of Trinity College, 1846, p. 10) the enrollment Pynchon's leave as intended "to ~ive greater prominence was quickly reduced to 74 in 1847 (ibid., 1847, p. 44), and efficiency to his Department. ' Pynchon was granted to 66 in 1848 (ibid., p. 16), and to 63 in 1850 (ibid., pp. $8oo as partial salary during his leave. Trustees Minutes, 17-20). July 17, 1855. In 1843-1844, Abner Jackson spent ten 84. Coxe to Jarvis, March 22, 1848 in Samuel Farmar months in Europe for reasons of health. (Diary of Emily Jarvis Papers, II, Church Historical Society Microfilm, in Ellsworth Jackson, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ Archives of the Diocese of Connecticut, Trinity College, lege, Hartford, entries of July 30, 1843, and May 1, Hartford, Connecticut. Capitals and italics are in the 1844). original. 21. General letter of a Committee of Alumni, Hart- T H E HISTORY 0 F T R I N I T Y C 0 L L E G E ford, March 28, 1856, in Brainard Collection, Trinity 51. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. 101. Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 52. Hartford Daily Courant, June 29, 185g. In 1853, 22. Calendar of Trinity College, 1857, p. g. five students were rusticated for the remainder of the 23. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday: Rem- term for instigating a parody on Junior Exhibitions. Pro­ iniscences of a Varied Life (New York, 1920), p. 88. gram of mock "Exhibition of Juniors" for 1853, in College 24. Hartford Daily Courant, November 23, 1846. Miscellany, 1852-3, in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 25. Trustees Minutes, July 26, 1854· Hartford. 26. Calendar of Trinity College, I857-I858, p. 33· 53. R. B. Hall, A Collection of College Words and 27. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession: An Informal Customs ( Cambridge, 1856) pp. 239-240. Older volumes History of the American College, 1636 to 1953 (In­ of The Trinity Ivy give 1840 as the beginning of the dianapolis and New York [1953] ), p. 127. Grand Tribunal. 28. Catalogue of Washington College, 1836, p. 11; 54· Hartford Daily Times, October 12, 186o. ibid. for 1840, p. 16. The building was tom down to 55. Hartford Daily Courant, October 12, 186o. make way for a block of new dwellings in the mid- s6. Hartford Daily Times, October 12, I86o. 184o's, and this was probably the end of the Franklin 57· Hartford Daily Times, October 15, 186o. Sill in­ Club's existence. Nathan Starkweather to The Hartford serted in the Times a "card" of one-half column in Post, December 7, 1892, Typescript in Henry Barnard which he presented his side of the case. Collection, Watkinson Library, Trinity College, Hartford. 58. Hartford Daily Courant, May 10, 1858. 29. Statutes of Trinity College, Hartford (Hartford, 59· Hartford Daily Courant, May 6, 1859· 1852). 6o. Hartford Daily Courant, October 20, 1859. 30. Calendar of Trinity College, 1857, p. 29. 61. J. M. Wainwright, Collegiate Education: An Ad­ 31. Hartford Daily Courant, various issues, 1848- dress Presented Before the House of Convocation I861; Hartford Daily Times, various issues, 1848-I861. August 4, 1847 (Hartford 1847), pp. 29-31. Students sometimes visited the billiard parlours in Hart­ 62. Hartford Daily Courant, August 7, 1847. ford. Diary of Jacob W. Smyth, I84g-1852, MS . in Trin­ 63. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, pp. ity Collection, Trinity College. Entry of October 6, 18so. 8g-gi. 32. Hartford Daily Courant, June 28, 1847. 64. Thomas M. Clark, The Student's Preparation for 33· Hartford Daily Courant, July 4, 1856. This seems Life: Delivered before the Students of Trinity College, to have been the first time that the students participated Hartford (Hartford, 1852), p. g. in a Fourth of July Parade since 1843. 65. Geers Hartford City Directory for 1857-8 (Hart­ 34· Hartford Daily Courant, August 18, 1858. It might ford, 1857), p. 311. There is a college tradition that in be added, in partial explanation of this decision, that the 1849 the members of IKA Fraternity organized a boat College was not in session at the time. There were, how­ club under the name of the Corax Club. (Robert S. Mor­ ever, several members of the Faculty resident in the col­ ris, "The Coxswain's Bark is Heard Again," Trinity Col­ lege buildings. lege Alumni Magazine, III (May, 1962), p. 38). No ref­ 35. Hartford Daily Courant, February 11, 1857· erence to such a rowing club is found in either Geer's 36. This series of lectures was advertised as primarily Directory, which annually listed the Hartford boat clubs, for the Junior Class, but open to the public at a fee of or in the local newspapers. $s.oo for the fifteen lectures to be given on Tuesday and 66. Hartford Daily Courant, July 24, 1858. Thursday afternoons at 3:30. Hartford Daily Courant, 67. Hartford Daily Courant, May 2, 1857· February 27, 1858. 68. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. 91. 37. Hartford Daily Courant, May 18, 1858. 6g. Hartford Daily Courant, July 12, 1858. 38. Hartford Daily Courant, March 11 , 1859· 70. Hartford Daily Courant, July 20, 1858. 39· Hartford Daily Courant, May 18, 1853. 71. Hartford Daily Courant, July 21, 1858. 40. Hartford Daily Courant, June 16, 1853. 72. Hartford Daily Courant, August 28, 1858. 41. See below. 73· Hartford Daily Courant, July 20, 1858; ibid., Au­ 42. Hartford Daily Courant, December 5, 1856. gust 3, 1858; ibid., August 13, 1858. 43· Hartford Daily Courant, December 8, 1956. Italics 74· A counting of column inches in the Hartford pa­ are in the original. pers .suggests that 1858 was the high point of Hartford's 44· Hartford Daily Courant, December 10, 1856. boating fad. 45· Hartford Daily Courant, December 18, 1856. 75· Geers Directory for 1858-g, p. 368. 46. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. gg; 76. Geer's Directory for 186o-61, p. 437· see also Diary of Jacob W. Smyth, I84g-1852, MS. in 77. Hartford Daily Courant, July 27, 186o. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, entry of October 4, 78. Geers Directory for 1862-63, p. 481. 185o. Smyth also recorded that on July 4, 1852, a number 79· Geers Directory for 1866-67 was the first not to of the students were invited to attend an outing held at list the club. Since 1863, Geer's Directory had not listed Imlay's Grove by a German Society of Hartford at which the club officers as previously. Rowing was revived in the students enjoyed "Rhinish wine and lager beer." 1870. Geers Directory for I87o-71, p. 527. See also be­ Ibid., entry for July 5, 1852. low. 47· John Williams Papers, Yale University, V, 1036. So. George Dudley Seymour, The Old-Time Game of 48. Hartford Daily Courant, passim; Hartford Daily Wicket and Some Old-Time Wicket Players ( [n.p., n.d.] ), Times, passim. The reports were made with considerable pp. 6, 18. regularity. During summer vacation months there were 81. Hartford Daily Courant, August 31, 1858; ibid., occasional omissions. September 28, 1858. 49· William Ford Nichols, Memories Here and There 82. Hartford Daily Courant, October 11, 186o. of John Williams [No. 134 of Soldier and Servant Series] 83. Hartford Daily Courant, September 28, 1857; (Hartford, 1924), unpaged. Hartford Daily Times, September 28, 1857. Faculty so. Hartford Daily Courant, December 12, 1848. played too, for Abner Jackson recorded in his diary that

320 N 0 T E S he "played ball with the students." Private Journal of town, Mass., 1897 ), p. 19. Jacob W . Smyth noted in his Abner Jackson, I84g--18so, MS . in Trinity Collection, Diary ( MS . in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ Trinity College, entry of April 28, 1849. ford. Entry of July 29, 1851) that members of Phi Beta 84. Hartford Daily Courant, October 19, 1858. Kappa were elected "according to merit." 85. Hartford Daily Courant, October zo, 1858. 114. Phi Beta Kappa, Catalogue of the Beta of Con­ 86. Hartford Daily Courant, October 29, 1858. necticut I845-18gs ( Hartford, 1895 ), pp. 1off. 87. Hartford Daily Courant, November 6, 1858; Hart- 115. Constitution of the Missionary Society of Trinity ford Daily Courant, November g, 1858. College, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ 88. Hartford Daily Courant, November 10, 1858. ford, passim. 8g. Hartford Daily Courant, November g, 1858. u6. Record Book of the Missionary Association of go. Hartford Daily Courant, November 6, 1858. Trinity College, I848-1858, MS . in Trinity Collection, 91. Hartford Daily Courant, November 10, 1858. Trinity College, Hartford, passim. 92. Hartford Daily Courant, November 11, 1858. 117. Treasurer's Book, Trinity College Missionary So­ 93. Hartford Daily Courant, ovember 13, 1858. ciety, MS . in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ 94· Trustees Minutes, August 6, 1846. ford, passim. 95· If the Class of 1851 may be regarded as typical, u 8. Hartford Daily Courant, July 2, 1858. of the members who were graduated with their class, ug. Hartford Daily Courant, October 24, 1860. eight joined the Athenaeum and eleven joined the Parthe­ 120. The Program for the Celebration of 1857 (Brain­ non. Class of 1851 Scrap Book in Trinity Collection, ard Collection, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ Trinity College, Hartford. Parthenon had a slightly larger ford) refers to it as "annual." membership during the period. Inaugural Address of 121. Calendar of Trinity College, Hartford, 1858-g, [President] A. B. Goodrich, Second Term, 1851-52, in P· 3· Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents, Trinity College 122. Hartford Daily Courant, February 23, 1857; ibid., Athenaeum, II, MS . in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, February 22, 1858; ibid., February zz, 185g. Hartford. 123. The first inclusion in the official College Calendar g6. Hartford Daily Courant, July 7, 1857; Diary of was for 1858. Calendar of Trinity College, Hartford, Jacob W . Smyth, 184g--I85z, MS. in Trinity Collection, 1857-58, p. 3· The Brainard Collection ( Trinity Col­ Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of June 8, 185o. lege, Hartford) contains no program or invitation before 97· Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents, Trinity Col­ 1858. C. H. Proctor refers to a Class Day being held as lege Atheneum, II, passim. early as 1855 (Professor Jim, p. 52). g8. Hartford Daily Courant, August 3, 1843; Athe­ 124. Robert S. Morris, "The Lemon Squeezer Legend, neum Society Ledgers A and B, MSS. in Trinity Col­ I857- 1952," Trinity College Bulletin, XLIX ( May, 1952) , lection, Trinity College, Hartford, passim. Fines for p. 6. absence were 37¢ and for tardiness 12*¢· Scarcely a 125. The Trinity Tablet, April27, 1878. member ended a term without receiving a bill for ab­ 126. Hartford Daily Courant, June 10, 1858; ibid., sence fines. See Atheneum Constitution and By-Laws, December 19, 1857; ibid., June 11, 1859; ibid., June 12, MS . in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 1861; ibid., June 13, 1862; W. C. Brocklesby, "Trinity gg. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and College, Hartford," Scribner's Monthly (March, 1876). University (New York, 1962), pp. 145-146. 127. C. H . Proctor, Professor Jim, pp. 53-54; Mait­ 100. Ibid., pp. 146--147. land Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. 94· 101. Ibid., p . 148. 128. C. H. Proctor, Professor Jim, p. 51. 102. Class of 1851 Scrap Book, MS . in Trinity Collec­ 129. For this and subsequent paragraphs on the Trin­ tion, Trinity College, Hartford. ity Lemon Squeezer the author is indebted to Robert S. 103. Mr. John A. Mason, Class of 1934 is of the opin­ Morris, "The Lemon Squeezer Legend, I857-1952," ion that the college authorities permitted the use by the Trinity College Bulletin, XLIX (May, 1952), pp. 6--7, 18. fraternities of vacant rooms in the college buildings. Con­ 130. W . H. Corning, Ten Years Out of College: An versation with the author, September 7, 1962. Address Delivered in the Free Episcopal Chapel, July 104. Annals of Psi Upsilon, 1833-1941 (New York, z8, 1852, before the Class of Trinity College of '42 (Hart­ 1941 ), p. 239. ford, 1852), p . 19. 105. Hartford Daily Courant, June 26, 186o. 131. Records of the Class of 1851, MS. in Trinity Col­ 106. Beta Beta ( privately printed for the fraternity, lection, Trinity College, Hartford. 1874 ), passim. 132. Records of the Class of 1851, M.S. in Trinity Col­ 107. Diary of Jacob W. Smyth, I84g--1852, MS. in lection, Trinity College, Hartford. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of 133. Calendar of Trinity College, Hartford, 1855, p. June 30, 1851. IS. 108. Invitation and circular in Trinity Collection, Trin­ 134. See above. ity College, Hartford. 135. Records of the Class of 1851, MS. in Trinity Col­ 109. James P. Bowman to John Brainard, July 18, lection, Trinity College, Hartford. 1853, in Brainard Collection, Trinity Collection, Trinity 136. Diary of Jacob W. Smyth, 184g--I85z, MS in College, Hartford. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford; Hartford uo. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Y esterday, p . Daily Courant, July 18, 1857. 97· 137. B. H . Hall, College Words and Customs, p . 424. 111. Bernard C. Steiner, History of Education in Con­ 138. Hartford Daily Courant, July 18, 1857. necticut, p . 252. 139. Hartford Daily Courant, April4, 1851. 112. Program in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 140. Calendar of Trinity College, Hartford, 18s.g--6o, Hartford; Hartford Daily Courant, February 16, 1858. P· 3· 113. E. B. Parsons, Phi Beta Kappa: Officers, Consti­ 141. Catalogue of Trinity College, Hartford, 1861-2, tution, Minutes, etc. of the United Chapters (Williams- P· 3·

3 2 1 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

142. The order of exercises for the various Com­ 162. Article, "Thomas Winthrop Coit," in Appleton's mencement weeks can be followed in the Hartford Daily Cyclopedia of American Biography. Courant for the issues preceding and following Com­ 163. Trustees Minutes, July 24, 1850. mencement Thursday. The issue of the Courant for June 164. Trustees Minutes, April 2, 1850; Calendar of 29, 1859, is unusually complete. Trinity College, 1853, p. 17; ibid., 1852, pp. 12, 17. 143. Hartford Daily Courant, July 31, 1844; ibid., 165. Calendar of Trinity College, 1852, p. 18. August 8, 1845; ibid., July 30, 1852; ibid., July 28, 1854; 166. Yale did not grant the B.D. degree until 1867. ibid., July 18, 1857; ibid., July 2, 1858; John Joseph Harvard granted her first B.D. in 1875. Walter Crosby Daly, "The Reverend Thomas Church Brownell," Type­ Eells and Harold A. Haswell, Academic Degrees [Bulle­ script M.A. thesis ( 1947 ) in Trinity College Library, p. tin, 1960, No. 28, U. S. Department of Health, Education 39· and W elfare] (Washington, 1960), p. 194· Cf. George 144· Hartford Daily Courant, July 1, 1859. Wilson Pierson, Yale College: An Educational History, 145. Hartford Daily Courant, August 1, 1851. 1871-1921 (New Haven, 1952 ), p. 705. 146. Hartford Daily Courant, Tuly 2, 1858. 167. The Calendar of Trinity College, 1850 ( p. 10) 147. B. H. Hall, College Words and Customs, p. 15. announced that "Bachelors in either of the Faculties 148. Phi Kappa invitation for supper, July 1, 1858, in may proceed Doctors in the same, at the expiration of Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford; Hartford three years, on the recommendation of the Chancellor, Daily Courant, July 28, 1852. accompanied with a certificate of examination, and a sat­ 149· Class of 1851 Scrap Book, MS. in Trinity Collec­ isfactory thesis composed by the candidate." There is no tion, Trinity College, Hartford. record of advanced theological degrees having been con­ 150. Of those who supplied the information for the ferred on this basis. See Trustees Minutes, July 24, 1850; Class of 1851 Scrap Book ( MS. in Trinity Collection, Calendar of Trinity College, 1850, p. 15; ibid., 1851, p. Trinity College, Hartford), two were prepared by tutors, 15. one was from the Episcopal Academy of Connecticut, 168. Hartford Daily Courant, November 29, 1851; one from the Preparatory Department of Jubilee Col­ Article, "Arthur Cleveland Coxe," in Appleton's Cyclo­ lege in Illinois, two from Hartford Grammar School, one pedia of American Biography. from Brainard Academy at Haddam, Conn., one from a 169. Trustees Minutes, July 28, 1852. select school in Wilmington, Delaware, one from the 170. ( Hartford, 1852 ). Rev. R. W. Harris' School in White Plains, N.Y., one 171. Trustees Minutes, July 27, 1853. from Smith Forks Academy, .Y., one entered from an 172. E. E. Beardsley, History of the Episcopal Church unnamed boarding school, and the others entered Trin­ in Connecticut, I, 377; Hartford Daily Courant, October ity with advanced standing from Williams, New York 30, 1851. University, the University of Pennsylvania, Amherst, and 173. E. E. Beardsley, History of the Episcopal Church Union. in Connecticut, I, 377· 151. Diary of Jacob W. Smyth, 184g-1852, MS. in 174. Ibid., I, 380. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of 175. Edwin S. Lines, "Rev. E. Edwards Beardsley, July 29, 1851; Report to the Board of Trustees, July 1, D.D., LL.D.," Papers of the New Haven Colony His­ 1858, of D. R. Goodwin, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trin­ torical Society, VII (New Haven, 1908), p. 147. ity College, Hartford. 176. Bernard C. Steiner, History of Education in Con­ 152. Professor Morse Allen has commented on the necticut, p. 297; Minutes of the Board of Trustees of many references to "ponies" in the songs of the Trinity Berkeley Divinity School, John Williams Papers, V, Yale undergraduates. John Brocklesby: Founder of the Trinity University. Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa ([Hartford], 1962), unpaged. 177. Trustees of Berkeley Divinity School, Dec. 8, 153. Student essays in Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ 1894; ibid., February 11, 1895. lege, Hartford. 178. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1861-62, pp. 9, 18. 154. Calendar of Trinity College, 185g-6o, pp. 11-12. 179. E. E. Beardsley, History of the Episcopal Church 155. John Williams to Samuel Farmar Jarvis, July 31, in Connecticut, I, 381. 1848, in John Williams Papers, I, Yale University. 156. "Sketch of Bishop Williams' Life," The Trinity 180. Arthur Cleveland Coxe to Bishop Burgess, July Messenger [Trinity Church, Torrington, Connecticut], IV 29, 1849, John Williams Papers, I, Yale University. (February, 1899). 181. William E. Curtis, The Jurist as a Reformer: An 157. Article "John Williams" in Appleton's Cyclopedia Address Prepared Before the House of Convocation of of American Biography. TTinity College in Christ Church Hartford, July 27, 1853 158. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), p. ( Hartford, 1853),p. 27. 96; ibid., II (October, 1901 ), pp. 91-93. 182. Hartford Daily Courant, November 1, 1852. 159. Catalogue of the Berkeley Divinity School, Mid­ Shattuck's "introductory lecture" delivered on Thursday, dletown, Conn., 1856, p. 5; E. E. Beardsley, History of October 28, 1852, was described as "interesting and the Episcopal Church in Connecticut, II, 379. appropriate." Ibid. 160. Catalogue of the Berkeley Divinity School, Mid­ 183. See above. dletown, Conn., 1856, p. 5; E. E. Beardsley, History of 184. W. C. Eells and H. A. Haswell, Academic De­ the Episcopal Church in Connecticut, II, 379· grees, p. 24. 161. Article, "Thomas Winthrop Coit," Dictionary of 185. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and American Biography; Joseph Breed Berry, History of the University, p . 292. Diocese of Massachusetts, 181o-1872 (Boston, 1959), 186. Ibid. p. 6o; Trustees Minutes, August 1, 1849; William K. 187. Catalogue of the Officers and Graduates of Trinity Hubbell, "Henry Caswell ( 181o-1870) artd the Back­ College, Hartford (Hartford, 1855), p. 7; Trustees Min­ woods Church," Historical Magazine of the Protestant utes, July 27, 1854; ibid., October 2, 1854; Trinity Col­ Episcopal Church, XXIX (September, 1960), p. 229. lege Bulletin, I (April, 1900), p. 106.

322 N 0 T E S

188. F. S. M. Crofut, Guide to the History and the 224. Hartford Daily Courant, February 17, 1857. Historic Sites of Connecticut, II, 66o. 225. Hartford Daily Courant, February 18, 1857. 18g. Article, "Joseph Earle Sheffield," in Appleton's 226. Ibid., p. 28. Cyclopedia of American Biography. 227. Hartford Daily Courant, June 12, 1857. 1go. Calendar of Trinity College, 1856, J?· 13. 228. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 1g1. Article, "Theodore Gunville Ellis, in Appleton's P· 1 5· Cyclopedia of American Biography. Ellis returned to 22g. Hartford Daily Courant, February 11, 1858; Hartford in 185g to superintend the construction of the ibid., February 1z, 1858. Hartford dyke (ibid.), but his name does not appear in 230. Calendar of Trinity College, 1858-sg, p. 10; either the subsequent Catalogues or in the faculty lists. Article "Nathan Boughton Warren," Appleton's Cyclope­ 1gz. Trustees Minutes, April 17, 1856; Calendar of dia of American Biography. Trinity College, 1857, p. g. In 1845, Sheffield had con­ 231. Daniel Raynes Goodwin, who became President tributed $100 to the Charity Fund. This, however, was of the College in 1853. not a particularly large gift, for many of the contributions 232. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. were for $zoo and even $500. Subscription Book of go. Charity Fund, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 233· Calendar of Trinity College, 1857, pp. 3o-35. Hartford. 234. Calendar of Trinity College, 1852, pp. 12-13. 1g3. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and 235. Diary of Jacob W. Smyth, 184g-1852, MS. in University, p. zgz. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford, passim. 194. P. 31. 236. Calendar of Trinity College, 1858, pp. 6-7. 1g5. Calendar of Trinity College, 1858--9, p. 13; Catal­ 237. Trustees Minutes, August 4, 1847. ogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, p. 46. 238. See above. 1g6. Ibid., P· 47· 23g. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and 1g7. Ibid., p. 5z; Catalogue of Trinity College, 1871- University, pp. 1g5-1g6. 7z, P· g. 240. Trustees Minutes, July 27, 1854. 1g8. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and 241. Dr. Sumner was an example. University, p. 336. 242. John Williams to Bishop Burgess, August 11, 1gg. Ibid., pp. z34-z35. 1853, John Williams Papers, I, Yale University, New zoo. The Revised Statutes of 185z reiterated the old Haven, Connecticut. rules for granting the M.A. both as an "honorary" and 243. Trustees Minutes, July 27, 1853; John Williams "ad eundem" de~ree, but there was appended to the to Bishop Burgess, August 11, 1853, John Williams Pa­ statutes a note: ' Statutory regulations as to the higher pers, I, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Degrees in course are now under consideration, and will 244. Trustees Minutes, July 26, 1854; General letter be set forth at a future time." ( p. 10). of T. C. Brownell, J. Williams, and D. R. Goodwin, Oc­ zo1. Class of 1851 Scrap Books, MS. in Trinity Col- tober 10, 1854, in Brainard Collection, Trinity Collec­ lection, Trinity College, Hartford. tion, Trinity College, Hartford; Hartford Daily Courant, zoz. See especially pp. zg-31. June 1g, 1854. zo3. Academic Studies (Hartford, 1849). 245. Trinity College Bulletin, New Series, I ( Novem­ zo4. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and ber, 1go3), p. 6. University, p. zzz. 246. "Historical Sketch of Trinity College," The Con­ zo5. John Williams, Academic Studies, pp. 6-7. necticut Common School Journal and Annals of Educa­ zo6. Ibid., pp. zo-z1. tion, X (June, 1855), p. 2g5. zo7. Trustees Minutes, August 1, 184g. 247. Trustees Minutes, August 22, 1856. zo8. Calendar of Trinity College, 1850, p. 24. 248. Hartford Daily Courant, May g, 1857. 2og. Ibid. for 1854, pp. 28-2g. 24g. Trustees Minutes, July 16, 1857. 210. Samuel Eliot, The Scholar of the Past and the 250. Trustees Minutes, June 30, 1858. Scholar of the Present: An Inaugural Address Delivered 251. Trustees Minutes, July 1, 1858. to the Students of Trinity College (Hartford, 1856), p. 252. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 5 et passim. PP· 5, 8. 211. Trustees Minutes, July 24, 1850. 253. Trustees Minutes, September 1, 1858. 212. Calendar of Trinity College, 1852, p. 13. 254. Trustees Minutes, June 2g, 185g; Hartford Daily 213. Ibid., p. 26. Courant, October 27, 185g. 214. Calendar of Trinity College, 1856, p. 26. 255. Trustees Minutes, September 15, 185g. 215. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 256. Trustees Minutes, March 2g, 185g. p. 17. 257. Trustees Minutes, September 15, 1857. 216. Article "Calvin Colton" in Appleton's Cyclopedia 258. Trustees Minutes, June 2g, 185g. of American Biography. 25g. Neither appears on the list of contributions of 217. Trustees Minutes, July 27, 1854. $10o.oo or more which was given in the Catalogue of 218. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, the Officers and Students of Trinity College (Hartford, P· 11. 1862), pp. 7-10. 21g. Calendar of Trinity College, 1857-8, pp. 6, 23. 260. The last mention of the Massachusetts Professor­ 220. Calendar of Trinity College, 1858-g, p. 22. Trin­ ship is in the Catalogue of Trinity College, 1863-64, p. ity went on a two-term academic year in 1857-58. 51. 221. Trustees Minutes, April2, 1857. 261. Trustees Minutes, September 15, 185g. 222. Article "Charles Callahan Perkins" in Appleton's 262. John Williams to Bishop Burgess, July 30, 1853, Cyclopedia of American Biography. John Williams Papers, I, Yale University, New Haven, 223. Russell Lynes, The Tastemakers ([New York, Connecticut; John Williams to Bishop Burgess, August 1g54l ) , p. 104· 11, 1853, ibid.

323 T H E HISTORY 0 F T R I N I T Y C 0 L L E G E

263. [W. C. Brocklesby], "Trinity College" in 7· Samuel Eliot, The Scholar of the Past and the Charles F. Richardson and Henry A. Clark, eds., The Scholar of the Present, pp. 18ff.; article, "Thomas Ar­ College Book (Boston, 1878), p. 268; article "Daniel nold," Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.; Howard W. Raynes Goodwin," Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Fulweiler, "Tractarians and Philistines: The Tracts for Biography. the Times versus Middle-Class Values," Historical Maga­ 264. The Calendar for this period states that the duties zine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, XXXI (March, of the Professor of History and Literature "are performed 1g62), pp. 36ff. by the Rt. Rev. the Vice-Chancellor." 8. See Chapter VII. 265. Abner Jackson's Commonplace Book, III, MS. in g. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, 1856--1859, MS. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Entry of March 2g, in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of 1854. March 30, 1856. 266. In April, 1858, he gave the Anniversary Address 10. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, 1856--185g. Entry of the Hartford Public High School in the South Congre­ of March 7, 1857. gational Church. Anniversary Program, April 23, 1858. 11. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. 267. Glenn Weaver, "The Society for the Increase of 100. the Ministry," Historical Magazine of the Protestant 12. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1goo), p. Episcopal Church, XXVI ( December, 1957), p. 2g4. 33· 268. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, pp. 13. In 1857. 8g-go. 14. In 1862, Eliot lectured before the American In­ 26g. Trustees Minutes, April 2, 1857. stitute of Instruction at Center Church, Hartford. The 270. See above. lecture was described as "a perfect gem." Eliot's subject 271. Trustees Minutes, May 31, 186o. was "Conservatism in Education," and the press re­ 272. Trustees Minutes, June 24, 186o. ported that the speaker questioned the soundness of 273. Hartford Daily Courant, June 5, 186o. "some of the newer theories" of education. Hartford 274. Hartford Daily Courant, June g, 186o. Daily Courant, August 21, 1862. 275. Hartford Daily Courant, June 20, 186o. 15. Calendar of Trinity College, 1857, pp. 18-21. In 276. Article "Daniel Raynes Goodwin," Appleton's Cy­ this computation, I have not counted students from "Bor­ clopedia of American Biography; Catalogus Collegii Sanc­ der States" (i.e., slave states which did not join the Con­ tissimae Trinitatis, MCM, p. 5· federacy). 277. Samuel Eliot Morison, One Boy's Boston, 1887- 16. Ibid., 1858, pp. 13-16. 1901 (Cambridge, Mass., 1962), p. 2. 17. Ibid., 1858-5g, pp. 13-16. 278. The Diary of George Templeton Strong, edited 18. Ibid., 185g-6o, pp. 13-16. by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas ( 4 vols., 1g. Ibid., 186o-61, PP· 11-14. New York, 1g52), II, 337,340, 353· 20. Ibid., 1861-62, pp. 11-14. 27g. S. E. Morison, One Boy's Boston, p. 3· 21. Ibid., 1862-63, p. 10. 280. September 18, 1857. Abner Jackson thought that 22. Commencement, Trinity College, July 3, 1862, Eliot had been offered $4,000 at Columbia. Abner Jack­ Program in Brainard Collection, IV, Trinity Collection, son's Private Journal, 1856--185g, MS. in Trinity Collec­ Trinity College, Hartford. tion, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of May 11, 1857. 23. Commencement, Trinity College, July 30, 1864, 281. Trustees Minutes, June 24, 186o. Program in Brainard Collection, V, Trinity Collection, 282. Trustees Minutes, June 28, 186o. Trinity College, Hartford. 283. Trustees Minutes, August 15, 186o. 24. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1862-63, pp. 11-14. 284. Hartford Daily Courant, August 16, 186o. 25. Ibid., 1863-64, pp. 11-14. 285. Trustees Minutes, October 23, 186o; Edwin S. 26. Ibid., 1864-65, pp. g-12. Lines, "The Rev. E. Edwards Beardsley, D.D., LL.D.," 27. Ibid., 1865-66, PP· 11-14. Papers of the New Haven Colony Historical Society, VII 28. Ibid., 1866--67, pp. 11-15. ( ew Haven, 1go8), p. 147. Eliot had been con£rmed 2g. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession: An Infor­ only in 1857. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, 1856--185g, mal History of the American College, 1636 to 1953 Entry of May 21, 1857. (Indianapolis and New York, [lg53]), pp. 135-136. 286. Trustees Minutes, December 18, 186o. 30. Act of July 17, 1862. 287. Ibid. 31. The Hartford newspapers, after July 17, 1862, 288. Hartford Daily Courant, February 15, 1861. carried numerous advertisements for "substitutes." Sev­ 28g. Trustees Minutes, June 20, 1861. eral persons in Hartford acted as agents in securing sub­ stitutes, many of whom were recently-arrived Irish and German immigrants. CHAPTER VIII 32. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 1. Hartford Daily Courant, April 8, 1861. PP· 45-48. 2. Order of Exercises, Inauguration of the President 33· Catalogue of Trinity College, 1864-65, p. 8. The of Trinity College, in Brainard Collection, IV, Trinity following.Jear ( 1865) two A.B.'s were granted honoris Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. causa. Ibt ., 1865-66, p. g. 3· Hartford Daily Courant, April 8, 1861. 34· Anonymously compiled typescript List of Trinity 4· It was published simply as An Address Delivered Men Who Served in the Confederate Army in Alumni before the Senatus Academicus of Trinity College, Hart­ Office, Trinity College. The author has checked this list ford, on His Inauguration as President, Monday, April against the list of graduates in Catalogus Collegii Sanctis­ 8, 1861, by Samuel Eliot (Hartford, 1861). simae Trinitatis, MCM; Delta Psi Directory ( 1957), p. 5· Hartford Daily Courant, March 28, 1862. 8g. 6. The Scholar of the Past and the Scholar of the 35· Catalogue of Trinity College, 1864-65, p. 8. Present (Hartford, 1856). 36. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1865-66, p. g. N 0 T E S

37. Hartford Daily Courant, April 29, 1863. necticut Historical Society Bulletin, XXVI (April, 1961), 38. Hartford Daily Courant, May 19, 1863. P· 57· 39· Article, "Griffin Alexander Stedman," in Apple- 72. Hartford Daily Courant, May 19, 1863. ton's Cyclopedia of American Biography. 73· Trustees Minutes, July 2, 1862. 40. The Trinity Ivy (Hartford, 1919), p. 168. 74· Trustees Minutes, January 11, 1864. 41. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 136. 75· Hartford Daily Courant, June 12, 1863; Robert 42. Hartford Daily Courant, November 29, 186o; S. Morris '16, "The Lemon Squeezer Legend, 1857- Trinity at the Outbreak of the Civil War: An Address 1952," Trinity College Bulletin, XL VIII (May, 1952), by Lieut. Colonel William S. Cogswell, 1861, on Foun­ P· 6. ders Day, Nov. 1, 1910, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity 76. Glenn Weaver, "The Society for the Increase of College, Hartford; The Trinity Ivy, ( 1919), p. 168. the Ministry: A Brief Centennial History," Historical 43· The Trinity Ivy ( 1919), p. 16g. The following Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, XXVI paragraphs are from this source. ( December, 1957), p. 302. 44· Hartford Daily Courant, April23, 1861. 77· Hartford Daily Courant, October 30, 1862. 45· Hartford Daily Courant, April 24, 1861. 78. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, MS. in Trinity 46. Hartford Daily Courant, May 7, 1861. This Hag, Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of May 3, presented to the College by Samuel Eliot Morison, is in 1862. the Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 79· Statutes of Trinity C allege (Hartford, 1852), pp. 47· The Trinity Ivy ( 1919), pp. 169-170. 11-12. 48. Trustees Minutes, June 20, 1861. 8o. Statutes of Trinity College (Hartford, 1862). The 49· Trustees Minutes, July 2, 1862. section dealing with "Collegiate Exercises and Divine so. Trustees Minutes, July 2, 1862. Worship" ( pp. 8-g) states the attendance requirement, 51. P. 8. but does not indicate by whom the services shall be 52. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1863-4, p. 28. conducted. 53· Catalogue of Trinity College, 1864-5, p. 28. 81. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, MS. in Trinity 54· Commencement Program, July 2, 1863, Brainard Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of May 3, Collection, IV, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ 1862. ford. 82. Trustees Minutes, June 20, 1861; ibid., July 1, 55. Commencement Program, June 30, 1864, Brain­ 1863. ard Collection, IV, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 83. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and Hartford. University, p. 76. 56. Hartford Daily Courant, February 3, 1863. 84. Trustees Minutes, July 2, 1862. 57· His name does not appear in the class lists. 85. Trustees Minutes, April 2, 1850; "Historical Sketch 58. The Trinity Tablet, April 20, 1871. Italics in the of Trinity College," The Connecticut Common School original. Journal and Annals of Education, X (June, 1855), p. 59· MS. in Watkinson Library, Trinity College, Hart­ 295. On January 11, 1864, the Trustees engaged Mr. B. F. ford. Entry of April g, 1864. Leavens to conduct the music in the Chapel and to give 6o. Hartford Daily Courant, October 29, 1864; ibid., instruction on the organ. Trustees Minutes, January 11, November 4, 1864. 1864. 61. Hartford Daily Courant, April1o, 1865. 86. Hartford Daily Courant, March 21, 1862. 62. Beta Beta ( [Hartford], 187 4), unpaged .. 87. E. E. Beardsley, History of the Episcopal Church 63. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. 97. in Connecticut, II, 425. 64. Phi Beta Kappa, Catalogue of the Beta of Con­ 88. A copy of the report is in the bound volume of necticut, 1B45-1Bgo (Hartford, 18g6), pp. 15ff. Treasurer's Reports, 186o-1902, in the Trinity Collec­ 65. Secretary's Book, Trinity Missionary Society, MS. tion, Trinity College, Hartford. in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford; Hart­ 8g. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, 1862, MS. in ford Daily Courant, November 5, 1862; ibid., June 8, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of 1863. 66. Hartford Daily Courant, February 24, 1864; ibid., May 3, 1862. February 21, 1862; ibid., February 23, 1866; ibid., Feb­ go. Hartford Daily Courant, May 15, 1863. ruary 20, 1864; ibid., February 23, 1865. 91. Trustees Minutes, July 2, 1862. 67. Samuel Hart, "Trinity College," in J. Hammond g2. Trustees Minutes, July 2, 1862. Trumbull, The Memorial History of Hartfotd County, 93· Trustees Minutes, March 23, 1863. z6J3-1BB4 (2 vols., Boston, 1886), I, 438n.; Hartford 94· Samuel Eliot to the Trustees of Trinity College, Daily Courant, July 4, 1862; ibid., June 30, 1863; cf. February 16, 1863, copy in Trustees Minutes, March 23, program for the several commencements in Brainard Col­ 1863. There was definite feeling in some quarters that lection, IV and V, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Eliot had not done well at Trinity. In May, 1864, Eliot's Hartford. name was proposed as a candidate for the Presidency of 68. Hartford Daily Courant, July 3, 1862. Columbia College in New York City. At that time the 6g. Hartford Daily Courant, April 24, 1863. Bishop of New York vigorously opposed Eliot and 70. Geer's Hartford City Directory carried the Min­ charged him with "having failed in his administration of nehaha Boat Club of Trinity College in the annual list­ the affairs of Trinity College." The Diary of George Tem­ ings of local athletic societies until 1865-6, but for 1863-4 pleton Strong, II, 447· ( p. 481) and the following years, no officers were listed. 95· Trustees Minutes, March 23, 1863. Also, there were no rowing meets during the period, nor g6. Trustees Minutes, July 1, 1863; ibid., July 3, 1863. have I been able to find any other mention of club ac­ 97. Trustees Minutes, June 10, 1863; ibid., July 2, tivity. 1863. 71. Phyllis Kihn, "The Charter Oak Nine," The Con- 8. Samuel Eliot Morison to the author, October 16,

325 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

1g6z; Trustees Minutes, July 1, 1863; Hartford Daily Faculty had petitioned the Trustet:s for an increase. Trus­ Courant, January 8, 1864; ibid., January .22, 1864. tees Minutes, June 28, 1865. gg. Hartford Daily Courant, January 8, 1864. 6. Harvard jumped from a pre-war 336 to 1,147, and 100. Hartford Daily Courant, January Ig, 1864; Ar­ the University of Michigan from 526 to 1,255. Ernest ticle "John Brocklesby," Appleton's Cyclopaedia of Amer­ Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 136. ican Biography. 7· Catalogue of Trinity College, 1864-65, pp. ~12; 101. Sam.uel Eliot to the Trustees of Trinity College, ibid. for 1865-6. December 26, 1863, copy in Trustees Minutes, January 8. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. 97· 11, 1864. The Catalogue for 1864-5 listed nine students from 10.2. Samuel Eliot Morison to the author, October 16, Maryland (pp. ~IZ). The Catalogue for 1865-6 listed 1g6z. In One Boy's Boston, 1887-1901 (Cambridge, six students from Maryland (pp. 11-14). Cf., H. Harri­ Mass., 1g6z), Samuel Eliot Morison says "he was eased son, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, II, 385. out of that position [the Presidency of Trinity College] g. J. B. Kerfoot to Bishop Whittingham, August 1, owing to a faculty intrigue." ( p. 3). 1865, in H. Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, II, 38g. 103. Trustees Minutes, June zg, 1864. 10. H. Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, II, 390-3g5. 104. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 11. H. Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, II, 3g3-3gg. p. 15. 12. Ibid., II, 401. 105. Samuel Eliot Morison to the author, November 1, 13. Ibid., II, 401-41g. 1g6z. 14. Ibid., II, 4ZZ. 106. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1865-66, p. 35. The 15. Trustees Minutes, November .23, 1865. gift was made after his return, for in the list of contribu­ 16. H. Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, II, 40o-401. tors, Eliot's residence is given as Boston. 17. Ibid., II, 423. 107. Hall Harrison, Life of the Right Reverend John 18. Trustees Minutes, January 3, 1866. Barrett Kerfoot (z vols., New York, 1886), I, z7g (here­ 19. H. Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, II, 377-37g. after cited as Life of Bishop Kerfoot). See also article, zo. Ibid., II, 376. "John Barrett Kerfoot" in Dictionary of American Bi­ z1. During the last month of Kerfoot's residence at ography, X, 354, and John Frederick Wolverton, "Wil­ the College, and after he had submitted his resignation, liam Augustus Muhlenberg and the Founding of St. the students broke a window pane in the Chapel and Paul's College," Historical Magazine of the Protestant threw snuff into the chancel. Ibid., II, 423. Episcopal Cnurch, XXIX (September, 1g6o), p. zo4. zz. Ibid., II, 385. 108. Hall Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, I, 324ff., 23. Ibid., II, 407. 364ff., et passim. The quotation is from p. 351. .24. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, 1867, MS. in 10g. Kerfoot's biographer reproduces much of Ker­ Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of foot's correspondence ( ibid., passim), but there are no April 27, 1867. letters from any of the Trustees of Trinity College; nor is 25. Trustees Minutes, January 3, 1866; Hartford Daily there any mention of Kerfoot's acquaintance with any of Courant, January 4, 1866. the Trustees or Faculty before 1864. 26. H. Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, passim; Ar­ 110. J. B. Kerfoot to Bishop Whittingham, June z8, ticle "Henry Augustus Coit," in Appleton's Cyclopaedia 1864, in Hall Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, I, z8o. of American Biography. Coit had been given an hon­ 111. Ibid., I, zgo. orary D.D. by Trinity in 1863. 11.2. Trustees Minutes, July z8, 1864. 27. Trustees Minutes, June 27, 1866; Hartford Daily 113. H. Harrison, Life of Bishop Kerfoot, I, zgo. Courant, January 18, 1866. 114. Ibid., zgoff. 28. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, 1867, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Entry of February 13, 1867. CHAPTER IX zg. Ibid., entry of March 4, 1867. 1. Hall Harrison, Life of the Right Reverend John 30. Ibid., entry of March 8, 1867. Barrett Kerfoot (z vols., New York, 1886), II, 371ff. 31. Ibid., entry of March 11, 1867. The following paragraphs are also largely indebted to 3.2. Ibid., entry of March 14, 1867. this work. Kerfoot's arrival at Trinity, without doubt, 33· Ibid., entry of March 11, 1867. marked the College's lowest point in student discipline. 34· Ibid., entries of April 30, 1867, and May 3, 1867. At the end of the last term (June, 1864) the students 35· Ibid., entry of May 23, 1867. had turned in so many false fire alarms that the College 36. Ibid., entry of May .24, 1867. and city authorities had forced the students to go to t&e 37· Ibid., entry of June g, 1867. office of the Hartford Chief of Police and sign a bond 38. Trustees Minutes, June 11, 1867. pledging orderly behavior in the future. Hartford Daily 3g. Ibid., July 10, 1867. The letter was dated June Courant, June z, 1864. 15, 1867. The Hartford Daily Courant, however, noted z. Hartford Daily Courant, October 20, 1864. in the issue of June 1.2, 1867, that "The Reverend Dr. 3· ( Hartford, 1865) . Abner Jackson ... has decided to accept the Presidency 4· Annual Statement [by the Trustees] to the Alumni of Trinity College." of Trinity College, January 1, 1865. A list of contributors 40. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, 1867, entries of with sums pledged is appended to the Catalogue of Trin­ June zo and June 22, 1867. ity College, 1865-66, pp. 34-36. At one point in the 41. Ibid., entry of June 21, 1867. fund-raising campaign the Trustees had announced their 42. Ibid., entry of June .21, 1867. intention of endowing a Professorship of Astronomy. 43· Hartford Daily Courant, July 12, 1867. Hartford Daily Courant, June 30, 1865. 44· See above. 5. Trustees Minutes, June zg, 1865. It might be added, 45· Pynchon had also spent the summer in Europe, however, that the salary raise was given only after the but had returned by the opening of the Christmas term. N 0 T E S

Hartford Daily Courant, September 13, 1867; William 81. Hartford Daily Courant, October 29, 1868. Alex­ Payne, An Address ... in Commemoration of the Rev. ander M. Smith '72 recorded that he contributed $2.00 Abner Jackson, D.D., LL.D. (Hartford, 1874), p. 17. to the "Grant Club." Private Accounts of Alexander M. 46. Jackson was an inveterate gardener, and his Pri­ Smith, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ vate Journal for his earlier Trinity years is filled with ford. reference to his setting out and cultivating a great 82. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870. variety of flowers and vegetables. Jackson then lived in 83. Hartford Daily Courant, October 17, 1868. the College, and his garden was at the rear of the build­ 84. The incident was not noted locally until com­ ings. plaints of student conduct were printed in the Bridge­ 47· George Otis Holbrooke, "Trinity College in 1866," port Farmer and the New Haven Register. Trinity College Libr.ary Gazette, II (December, 1958), 85. William Ford Nichols, Days of My Age, pp. 19-20. p. 18; Hartford Daily Courant, March 10, 1864; ibid., 86. The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 186g. November 11, 1862; ibid., November 17, 1862; ibid., Oc­ 87. Hartford Daily Courant, July 2, 186g; ibid., July tober 31, 1863; ibid., October 13, 1863. 3, 186g. 48. The Trustees voted to accept the offer of Mr. But­ 88. The Trinity Tablet, September 20, 186g. ler to make a plan of the College grounds without charge. 8g. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870. Trustees Minutes, July 10, 1867. This was probably the go. Hartford Daily Courant, February 23, 1870. "plan" indicated in the following note. Butler was Presi­ 91. Hartford Daily Courant, June 24, 1870. dent of the Connecticut River Banking Company. 92. Hartford Daily Times, December 13, 1871. 49· Descriptive Circular of Trinity College [n.d.] in 93· Hartford Daily Courant, July 5, 186g; The Trinity Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Tablet, April2o, 1871; ibid., May 20, 1871. so. Laurence Foushee London, Bishop Joseph Blount 94· The Trinity Tablet, September 28, 1870. Cheshire (Chapel Hill, 1941 ), p. g. 95· See above. 51. Ibid., pp. g, 11. g6. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1865-6, p. 22. 52. George Otis Holbrooke, "Trinity College in 1866," 97. In his frequent visits to Boston, he invariably at­ P· 1g. tended services at the Church of the Advent, one of the 53· See below. most advanced High Church parishes in New England. 54· Catalogue of Trinity College, 1867-68, pp. 1o-13. Private Journal of Abner Jackson, MS. in Trinity Collec­ 55· Ibid., 1868-6g, PP· 11-14. tion, Trinity College, Hartford, passim. 56. W. C. Brocklesby, "Trinity College, Hartford," g8. George Franklin Smythe, Kenyon College: Its First Scribner's Monthly (March, 1876), p. 6os. Century (New Haven, 1924),p. 167. 57· "Trinity College in 1866," p. 19. gg. Hartford Daily Courant, April 18, 1870; ibid., 58. Robert S. Morris, "The Lemon Squeezer Legend, June 14, 1870; The Trinity Tablet, passim. The organist 1857-1952," Trinity College Bulletin, XLIX (May, 1952), and choir members were usually listed in the Tablet p. 6; Hartford Daily Courant, June g, 1865. among the "student organizations" in the Commence­ 59· Hartford Daily Courant, June 8, 1866. ment issue. 6o. Article, "Daniel Pratt," in Appleton's Cyclopaedia 100. Excerpts from MS. Autobiography of Joseph of American Biography. Blount Cheshire in John Williams Papers, I, Yale Uni­ 61. C. H. Proctor, Professor Jim, p. 59· versity. 62. Hartford Daily Courant, June 19, 1868. 101. Hartford Daily Courant, April18, 1870. 63. Hartford Daily Courant, March 16, 186g; ibid., 102. Hartford Daily Courant, August 7, 1868. June 18, 186g. 103. Hartford Daily Courant, January 29, 186g. 64. Boston Daily Globe, June 28, 1873. 104. Hartford Daily Courant, January 30, 186g. Ex­ 65. Robert S. Morris, "The Lemon Squeezer Legend,'' President Eliot was also present at this service, as was P· 7· the Rev. Dr. E. A. Washburn, formerly Lecturer in Eng­ 66. The Trinity Tablet, May 20, 1870. lish Literature. Ibid. 67. Hartford Evening Post, July 6, 1872. 105. Kenneth Walter Cameron, "Trinity College and 68. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870; Hartford Eve­ St. James Church 'Over the Rocks,' " Trinity College ning Post, June 6, 1874. Alumni Magazine, I (March, 196o ), p. 6. 6g. Hartford Daily Courant, February 20, 186g. 106. Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870; ibid., September 70. Pencil notes on Prize Declamation Program in 28, 1870. Scrap Book of John Humphrey Barbour in Trinity Collec­ 107. Hartford Daily Courant, September 13, 1867. tion, Trinity College, Hartford. 108. The Trinity Tablet, October 10, 1870. 71. Several unidentilled group pictures in various 109. Treasurer's Reports, 186o-1go2, p. 4, in Trinity alumni photograph albums for the period (Trinity Col­ Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. lection, Trinity College, Hartford) show individuals 110. The Trinity Tablet, November 29, 1871. wearing cap and gown or, occasionally, just tlle cap. 111. The Trinity Tablet, September, 1873. 72. Hartford Daily Courant, October 15, 1868, copy- 112. Abner Jackson's Private Tournai, 1855. Entry of ing a Mrs. Ellet in the Rochester, New York, Union. July 11, 1855, MS. in Trinity Cofiection, Trinity College, 73· Hartford Daily Courant, May 26, 1866. Hartford. 74· Hartford Daily Courant, May 25, 1868. 113. Abner Jackson's Private Journal, passim. 75. Hartford Daily Courant, July 10, 1868. 114. Kenneth Walter Cameron, "Trinity College and 76. Ibid. St. James Church," p. 6; Hartford Daily Courant, No­ 77· The Hartford Evening Post was a Republican vember 19, 1868. evening paper. 115. J. Hammond Trumbull, ed., The Memorial His­ 78. Hartford Daily Times, July 18, 1868. tory of Hartford County, Connecticut ( 2 vols., Boston, 79· Hartford Daily Courant, July 11, 1868. 1886), I, 408. 8o. Hartford Daily Courant, October 21, 1868. 116. Hartford Daily Courant, November 29, 1870. T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

117. Bishop Williams still supported the Old Connect­ issue (July) in which many of the features of the college icut Churchman position. In 1871, he took a "middle" armual were anticipated. The Ivy was published by the position at General Convention between the Low Church­ Junior Class. men and the "Ritualists." Nelson Rollin Burr, The Story 23. The Trinity Tablet, July 13, 1871. of the Diocese of Connecticut: A New Branch of the 24. The Trinity Tablet, November 29, 1871. At this Vine ([Hartford, 1962] ), p. 284. See above. time, the Missionary Society began to include debates 118. Kenneth Walter Cameron, "Trinity College and on missionary and theological subjects as a regular part St. James Church," p. 6. of their bi-weekly meetings. Secretary's Book, Trinity 119. Treasurer's Report for 1868-6g in Treasurer's Missionary Society, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity Reports, 1860-1902, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, College, Hartford. Hartford. 25. The Trinity Tablet, January, 1872; ibid., March, 120. Hartford Daily Courant, November 28, 1868. 1872. 121. Trustees Minutes, July 13, 1870. 26. The Trinity Tablet, April, 1873. 122. Article "William Woodruff Niles," in Appleton's 27. Hartford Daily Courant, July 3, 1873. Cyclopaedia of American Biography. 28. The Trinity Tablet, October, 1873. 123. Trustees Minutes, July 12, 1871. 29. Minutes of Meeting of Literary Society, Monday 124. Hartford Daily Courant, July 15, 1870. Evening, October 27, 1873, MS. in Trinity Collection, 125. Ibid. Trinity College, Hartford. 30. The Trinity Tablet, December, 1873. 31. The Trinity Ivy, 1873-1874, p. 44· CHAPTER X 32. The Trinity Ivy, 1875-76, p. 45· 1. The Trinity Tablet, July 14, 1870. 33. The Trinity Tablet, February, 1874. 2. Secretary's Book, Trinity Missionary Society, MS. 34· Ibid. in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 35· Ibid., January 30, 1875. 3· The Trinity Tablet, March 15, 1870. 36. Certified record of Class Standing for Class of '6g 4· Ibid., January, 1870. in Delta Psi Scrapbook, 1869-1888, in possession of Ep­ 5. George Otis Holbrooke, "Trinity College in 1866," silon Chapter. Trinity College Library Gazette, II (December, 1958), 37· The Trinity Ivy, 1874-75, p. 45; ibid., 1875-76, P· 1g. P· 43· 6. Hartford Daily Courant, September 20, 1867. 38. The Trinity Ivy, 187&-77, p. 41. 7· Hartford Daily Courant, September 19, 1868. 39· The Trinity Ivy, 1877-78, p. 45. 8. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870. 40. The Trinity Ivy, 1878-79, p. 43· g. [W. C. Brocklesby], "Trinity College," in Charles 41. Maitland Armstrong, Day Before Yesterday, p. 97· F. Richardson and Henry A. Clark, eds., The College 42. Beta Beta ([Published by the Society], 1874), Book (Boston, 1878), p. 270. passim. 10. Flavel S. Luther to R. B. Ogilby, October 16, 43· William Ford ichols, Days of My Age, p. 13. 1922, Presidents' Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ 44· The Trinity Tablet, August, 1874; Hartford Daily lege, Hartford. Courant, February 23, 1865. 11. Hartford Daily Courant, March 5, 1870. The 45· Annals of Psi Upsilon: 1833-1941 (New York, Atheneum imposed only one condition: viz., that the 1941), p. 242. Trustees establish a Library Fund of $300 to be called 46. Delta Psi Scrapbook, 1869-1888, in possession of the Atheneum Fund. Trustees Minutes, July 12, 1871. Epsilon Chapter. 12. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1869-70, p. 28. 47· I have compared the fraternity membership list 13. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1870-71, p. 29. in the Commencement issue of The Trinity Tablet for 14. See above for a comparison of the College col­ 1872, 1873, and 1874 with the room assignments in the lection with those of the Societies. Catalogue for the corresponding years and have found 15. Hartford Daily Courant, March 5, 1870. only one or two members of each fraternity living in the 16. The main Library Room, however, was still other dormitory or at home. opened only on Wednesday and Saturday, and students 48. Hartford Daily Times, February 25, 1873. complained that all serious study and research had to 49· Bernard C. Steiner, The History of Education in be carried on in the Watkinson Library in downtown Connecticut, p. 252; The Trinity Tablet, March 15, Hartford. The Trinit!J Tablet, February 15, 1871. 1870; ibid., July 13, 1871. 17. Hartford Daily Courant, July g, 186g. so. The August, 1872, issue of The Trinity Tablet 18. Junior Exhibition was scheduled in the College contained an "index" of names mentioned in the first Calendar until 1875, but the Hartford Daily Courant eight issues of that year, and each individual was identi­ armounced on March 16, 186g, that there would be no fied according to fraternity. Delta Upsilon members are Junior Exhibition that year. The Trinity Tablet of Octo­ not so identified. ber 15, 186g, commented that "the Junior Exhibition . .. 51. Bernard C. Steiner, History of Education in Con­ has fallen into disuse." necticut, p. 252. 19. Bernard C. Steiner, The f!istory of Education in 52. In 1872, there were thirteen members. The Trin­ Connecticut, p. 243· ity Tablet, February, 1872. 20. Hartford Daily Courant, July 11, 1870; ibid., 53· A "Council Hall" was maintained near the Wads­ October 24, 1868. worth Atheneum, Hartford Daily Times, March 18, 21. Bernard C. Steiner, The History of Education in 1873; Hartford Daily Courant, March 18, 1873. Connecticut, p. 243. 54. A "bum" was an elaborate treat. 22. In the early years of the Tablet, before the ap­ 55· The Trinity Tablet, March, 1874. pearance of the Ivy, there was a special Commencement 56. The Trinity Ivy, 1873-1874, p. 49· N 0 T E S

57· The Trinity Tablet, July, 1872; ibid., October, Trinity College Alumni News, VIII (October, 1946), p. 2. 1874. Later it was revealed that Po Pai Paig was a sopho­ g6. The "rushes" continued until well on into the more society. The Trinity Tablet, November z8, 1886. twentieth century, and some of the members of the 58. Lists of former members are in the Commence- classes for this period have given the writer graphic de­ ment issues of The Trinity Tablet. scriptions of these contests. Dr. Jerome P. Webster '10 59. The Trinity Ivy, 1873-1874, pp. 52-53. has given me an account of the rush between the Classes 6o. The Trinity Ivy, 1873-74, p. ssff. of 1910 and 1911 as well as a description of earlier 61. Class Day Program for 1863, in Brainard Collec­ "rushes" given by his father, Lorin Webster '8o. Inter­ tion, IV, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. view with the author, February 3, 1963. 6z. Hartford Evening Post, July 6, 1872. 97· The Trinity Tablet, October, 1874; ibid., No­ 63. Hartford Daily Courant. February 27, 1864; ibid., vember, 1874; ibid., November 13, 1875. May zg, 1865. gB. William Payne, An Address ... in ... Commemo­ 64. The Trinity Tablet, February 28, 186g. ration of the Rev. Abner Jackson, D.D., LL.D. (Hartford, 65. Hartford Daily Courant, June 10, 186g; ibid., June 1874), p. 8. 12, 186g. gg. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 137. 66. The Trinity Tablet, November 15, 1867. 100. Hartford Daily Courant, August 13, 1866. 67. Hartford Daily Courant, December 18, 186g. 101. George Otis Holbrooke, "Trinity College in 1866," 68. Hartford Daily Courant, February 10, 1870; The p. lg. Trinity Tablet, February 15, 1870. 102. Hartford Daily Courant, May 31, 1866. 6g. Hartford Daily Courant, June zo, 1870; ibid., June 103. Hartford Daily Courant, August 11, 1866; ibid., 30, 1870. August 13, 1866. 70. The Trinity Tablet, July 14, 1870; ibid., February, 104. Hartford Daily Courant, June g, 1868; ibid., 1872; ibid., February, 1873. June 11, 1868. 71. The Trinity Ivy, 1873-1874, pp. ssff. 105. Hartford Daily Courant, June 2, 1870. 72. The Trinity Tablet, February 15, 1870; ibid., Oc- 106. Hartford Daily Courant, June 6, 1870. tober, 1874. 107. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870. 73· The Trinity Tablet, February, 1870. 108. The Trinity Tablet, July 15, 1870. Flavel S. 74· The Trinity Tablet, December, 1873. Luther '70, later President of Trinity, played first base 75· The Trinity Tablet, October, 1874. on the Trinity varsity. 76. The Trinity Ivy, 1875-76, p. 58. 109. The Trinity Tablet, April, 1872; ibid., May 11, 77· The Trinity Ivy, 1877-78, p. 64. 1872. 78. The Trinity Ivy, 1878-79, p. 71. no. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870. 79· The Trinity Ivy, 187g--8o, p. 78. 111. The Trinity Tablet, April, 1873. 8o. The Trinity Ivy, 1881-82, p. 85. 112. The Trinity Tablet, March, 1874. 81. The Trinity Ivy, 188z-83, p. 8z. 113. The Trinity Tablet, May, 1874. 82. The Trinity Ivy, 1884-85, pp. 8off. 114. The Trinity Tablet, June, 1874. 83. The Trinity Tablet, February, 1872; cf., programs 115. The Trinity Tablet, July, 1874. in Brainard Collection, Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ 116. The Trinity Tablet, October, 1874. lege, Hartford. 117. The Trinity Tablet, Aprilzz, 1876. 84. Hartford Daily Times, December 15, 1871. 118. The Trinity Tablet, November 13, 1875. 85. Hartford Daily Courant, June 15, 186g. ug. The Trinity Tablet, April3, 1875. 86. Hartford Daily Courant, May 11, 1872; Hartford 120. The Trinity Tablet, July 1, 1876. Daily Times, May 14, 1872; The Trinity Tablet, May, 121. The Trinity Tablet, May zo, 1876. 1872. A program for the occasion is in the Scrap Book of 122. The Trinity Tablet, April zz, 1876. John Humphrey Barbour, Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ 123. The Trinity Tablet, May zo, 1876. lege, Hartford. 124. The Trinity Tablet, June 10, 1876. 87. The Trinity Tablet, October 2, 1875. 125. The Trinity Tablet, July 1, 1876. 88. Russell held his title of Professor of Oratory until 126. The Trinity Tablet, December g, 1876. 1877. Catalogus CoUegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 127. The Trinity Tablet, September z8, 1870. pp. 11, 8z. 128. Geers Hartford City Directory for 187o-7I, p. 8g. The Trinity Tablet, December 4, 1875. 527. go. The Trinity Tablet, May zo, 1876. 129. Hartford Daily Courant, June 27, 1872; The Trin­ 91. See the issues of The Trinity Tablet for this pe­ ity Tablet, October, 1872. riod. The Shakespeare Club did not give public per­ 130. Robert S. Morris, "The Coxswain's Bark is Heard formances, but met to read plays. Again," Trinity College Alumni Magazine, III (May, gz. Hartford Daily Courant, October g, 1865. 1962), p. 38. 93· The Trinity Tablet, October 15, 1868. 131. The Trinity Tablet, February, 1874. 94· The Trinity Tablet, November 15, 186g. 132. The Trinity Tablet, April, 1874. 95. Early in the twentieth century, the holiday be­ 133. The Trinity Tablet, August, 1874. came All Saints' Day and Founders' Day; later it became 134. Massachusetts Agricultural College withdrew be­ Founders' and Benefactors' Day, and it was not until 1943 cause they could not afford the expense. Amherst with­ that the holiday disappeared from the College Calendar. drew, it was said, because several fathers of crew mem­ Actually, the holiday had not been formally observed bers refused to permit their sons "to be maimed for after 1929, but in 1946 Mrs. C. Morgan Aldrich, Bishop life by the contaminating influence of Gomorrah," as Brownell's great-granddaughter, presented the College Saratoga was called by the Tablet. The Trinity Tablet, with a portrait of the founder and that year the tradition February, 1874. was revived as the occasion of the portrait's presentation. 135. R. S. Morris, "The Coxswain's Bark," p. 38.

329 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

136. The Trinity Tablet, August, 1874. CHAPTER XI 137. The Trinity Tablet, January 30, 1875. 1. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 155. 138. R. S. Morris, "The Coxswain's Bark," p. 38. 2. Trustees Minutes, June 29, 1865. 139· The Trinity Tablet, January 30, 1875. 3· Trustees Minutes, July 10, 1867. 140. The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 1875. 4· Trustees Minutes, July 8, 1868; Treasurer's Report, 141. The Trinity Tablet, June 12, 1875. 1868-6g, in Treasurer's Reports, Trinity Collection, Trin­ 142. The Trinity Tablet, July 3, 1875; R. S. Morris, ity College, Hartford. "The Coxswain's Bark," p. 39· 5· Trustees Minutes, July 3, 1873. 143. The Trinity Tablet, October 28, 1875. 6. Trustees Minutes, July 8, 1868. 144. The Trinity Tablet, April 1, 1876. 7· Trustees Minutes, July g, 1868; ibid., July 7, 186g. 145. The Trinity Tablet, April 22, 1876; R. S. Morris, 8. Trustees Minutes, July 13, 1870. "The Coxswain's Bark," p. 39· g. Treasurer's Report, 1868-6g. 146. The Trinity Tablet, November 18, 1876. 10. Treasurer's Report, 1868-6g; The Trinity Tablet, 147. The Trinity Tablet, December g, 1876; R. S. September 26, 1868. Morris, "The Coxswain's Bark," p. 39. 11. Hartford Daily Courant, June 18, 1867. 148. The Trinity Tablet, May 16, 1891. 12. The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 186g. 149. The Trinity Tablet, October 23, 1875. 13. Hartford Daily Courant, March 3, 1866; ibid., 150. The Trinity Tablet, May 20, 1871. June 18, 1867. 151. The Trinity Tablet, September 28, 1871. 14. Records of the Executive Committee, MS. in the 152. The Trinity Tablet, November 29, 1871. Office of the President, Trinity College, Hartford. Meet­ 153. The Trinity Tablet, December 29, 1871; Hart­ ing of February 20, 186g. ford Daily Times, December 13, 1871. There is a pro­ 15. The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 186g. gram for this affair in the Scrap Book of John Humphrey 16. The Trinity Tablet, November 15, 186g. See the Barbour in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. printed program in Brownell Papers, Trinity Collection, 154. The Trinity Tablet, February, 1872. Trinity College, Hartford. 155. The Trinity Tablet, March, 1872. 17. Records of the Executive Committee, Meeting of 156. The Trinity Tablet, April, 1872. February 20, 186g. "Total donations" for 1868-186g 157. The Trinity Tablet, February, 1874. amounted to $2,635, and for 186g-1870 to $1,126. Treas­ 158. The Trinity Tablet, March, 1873; ibid., January urer's Reports. 29, 1876. 18. Hartford Daily Courant, September 11, 186g. 159. The Trinity Tablet, May, 1873. 19. Abner Jackson to Emily Jackson, December 31, 16o. Subscription list and program for Natal Day 186g, Jackson Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Dance, May 16, 1872, in Scrap Book of John Humphrey Hartford. Barbour in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 20. Hartford Daily Courant, July 31, 186g. 161. The Trinity Tablet, February, 1874; Hartford 21. Bernard C. Steiner, The History of Education in Daily Courant, July 8, 1872. Connecticut, p. 250. 162. The Trinity Tablet, February, 1872; ibid., Jan- 22. See Treasurer's Reports for years after 1868-6g. uary, 1875. See also Trustees Minutes, July 7, 186g; ibid., Septem­ 163. The Trinity Tablet, February, 1874. ber 16, 1870; ibid., July 12, 1871. 164. The Trinity Tablet, April, 1874. 23. Treasurer's Report, 1871-1872. 165. In 1871-1872, twenty-four states and the Dis­ 24. Hartford Daily Courant, August 17, 1863. trict of Columbia were represented. In that year, there 25. Hartford Daily Courant, October 2, 1863. were but seven students from Hartford. Catalogue of 26. Albert E. VanDusen, Connecticut, p. 244. Trinity College, 1871-72, pp. 11-18. 27. Trustees Minutes, July 13, 1870; Hartford Dail¥, 166. The Trinity Tablet, December 15, 186g. Courant, July 14, 1870; Samuel Hart, "Trinity College' 167. Hartford Daily Courant, March g, 1868; The in J. Hammond Trumbull, The Memorial History of Trinity Tablet, April, 1868. Hartford County, I, 443· 168. The Trinity Tablet, July 6, 186g. 28. The Trinity Tablet, January, 1872. 16g. See above. 29. Trustees Minutes, February 7, 1872. 170. The Trinity Tablet, April 20, 1870. 30. Ibid. 171. The Trinity Tablet, May 20, 1870. 31. Hartford Evening Post, February 29, 1872. 172. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870. 32. Hartford Evening Post, March 12, 1872. 173. The Trinity Tablet, May 20, 1870. 33· Hartford Evening Post, March 18, 1872. 174. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1870. 34· Hartford Evening Post, March 19, 1872. 175. The Trinity Tablet, April2o, 1871. 35· Trustees Minutes, March 21, 1872; The Right 176. Memoranda of a tour in England, Scotland & Reverend Bishop Edwin S. Lines, D.D., "The Rev. E. Wales in 1872, MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Edwards Beardsley, D.D., LL.D.," Papers of the New Hartford. Haven Colony Historical Society, XVII (New Haven, 177. The Trinity Tablet, July 3, 1875. 1908), p. 147. 178. See below. 36. William Payne, An Address ... in ... Commemo­ 179. The scrapbooks in the Trinity Collection, Trinity ration of the Rev. Abner .jackson, D.D., LL.D. (Hart­ College, Hartford, have numerous clippings from the ford, 1874), p. 19; "The Administration of President Graphic for this period. Smith," Trinity College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), p. 7· 180. The Trinity Tablet, January, 1873. 37· Hartford Daily Times, April16, 1872. 181. The Trinity Tablet, October 7, 1876. 38. Trustees Minutes, July 10, 1872. 182. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1876-77, pp. 17-18. 39· The Trinity Tablet, April, 1872. 183. The Trinity Tablet, October 7, 1876. 40. Hartford Daily Times, March 14, 1872.

330 N 0 T E S

41. William Ford Nichols, Days of My Age, p. 17; vard was a wooden replica of the "E" shaped building Undated memorandum for the religious press signed at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Samuel Eliot Mori­ "Churchman" in Miscellaneous Papers, The Connecticut son, The Founding of Harvard College (Cambridge, Historical Society, Hartford, Connecticut. Mass., 1935), pp. 274-276. This building, however, did 42. Daily Graphic, May 21, 1873. not survive, and its style and model were soon forgotten. 43· Trustees Minutes, July n, 1872; Hartford Daily 73· The Trinity Tablet, November, 1873. Courant, July 12, 1872. 74· Hartford Daily Times, July 1, 1875. 44· Memoranda of a Tour in England, Scotland & 75· Hartford Daily Courant, November 21, 1873. Wales in 1872, MS. of Abner Jackson in Jackson Papers, 76. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1876-77, p. 53· Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 77· "The Administration of President Smith," Trinity 45· Parker was perhaps the most celebrated author­ College Bulletin (July, 1903), p. 7; Bernard C. Steiner, ity on Gothic Architecture in his day. Article, "John The History of Education in Connecticut, p. 251. Henry Parker," Encyclopaedia Britannica, nth ed. 78. Hartford Daily Courant, April 20, 1874. 46. Memoranda of a Tour in England, Scotland & 79· His Private Journal (in Jackson Papers, Trinity Wales. Collection, Trinity College, Hartford) is full of refer­ 47· Article, "Sir George Gilbert Scott," Encyclopaedia ences to his health, so much as to suggest hypochondria. Britannica, nth ed.; Charles Handley-Read, "William He regularly recorded bowel movements and made daily Burges," in Victorian Architecture, edited by Peter Fer­ observations as to whether or not streaks of blood were riday (London, [ 1963] ) , pp. 185-220. seen in his sputum. 48. Memoranda of a Tour in England, Scotland & 8o. Hartford Evening Post, April 20, 1874; Hartford Wales. Evening Post, April 22, 1874; Hartford Daily Times, 49· ibid. April 22, 1874; Hartford Daily Courant, April 23, 1874; so. Ibid. The Trinity Tablet, April, 1874. 51. S~ the frontispiece of G. St. Quintin, The History 81. Trustees Minutes, July 1, 1874. of Glenalmond (Edinburgh, 1956). There is a most re­ 82. Martin was Professor of Modern Languages from markable similarity between this "long walk" and that of 18go to 1907. Trinity College, Hartford. 83. "The Administration of President Smith, p. 7· 52. Memoranda of a Tour in England, Scotland & 84. The Trinity Tablet, January, 1874. Wales. 85. Daily Graphic, July 2, 1874. 53· Ibid. 86. "The Administration of President Smith," p. 7· 54· Trustees Minutes, October 16, 1872. 87. The Trinity Tablet, February 20, 1875. 55· The Trinity Tablet, August, 1872. 88. The Trinity Tablet, June, 1874. 56. Hartford Daily Times, February 17, 1873; Hart­ 8g. The Trinity Tablet, July, 1874; ibid., August, 1874. ford Daily Courant, February 22, 1873; The Trinity Tab­ go. Trustees Minutes, July 1, 1874. The candidates let, February, 1873; Abner Jackson [to Emily Jackson] were not named in the Minutes. July 4, 1873, Jackson Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity 91. The Trinity Tablet, August, 1874. College, Hartford. 92. The Trinity Tablet, October, 1874. 57· Even before it had been considered as a site for 93· Trustees Minutes, November 7, 1874. the College, the adjoining Zion Hill Cemetery was re­ 94· The Trinity Tablet, November, 1874. garded as a particularly lovely site. Hartford Daily Cou­ 95. "The Administration of President Smith," p. 7; rant, September 29, 1863. Trustees Minutes, December 5, 1874. 58. Hartford Daily Times, February 17, 1873. g6. The Trinity Tablet, November, 1874; Catalogue 59· The Trinity Tablet, February, 1873. of Trinity College, 1875-76, pp. 51-53. 6o. "Pigville" was the roughest section of north-end 97· The Trinity Tablet, February 20, 1875. Hartford. g8. The Trinity Tablet, December, 1874. 61. The Trinity Tablet, March, 1873. gg. The Trinity Tablet, January 30, 1875; ibid., Feb- 62. Hartford Daily Times, February 17, 1873; Hart- ruary 20, 1875. ford Daily Courant, February 22, 1873. 100. Hartford Daily Courant, February 2, 1875. 63. The Trinity Tablet, March, 1873. 101. Trustees Minutes, April 2, 1875. 64. The Trinity Tablet, May, 1873. 102. The Trinity Tablet, July 3, 1875. The Cabinet 65. He sailed from New York on July 9· Hartford was, of course, the College Museum. Daily Courant, July 9, 1873. 103. The Trinity Tablet, October 2, 1875. 66. He returned to Hartford on September 14. Hart­ 104. The Trinity Tablet, October 23, 1875. ford Daily Courant, September 16, 1873. 105. Hartford Daily Courant, June 27, 1877. Broc­ 67. The most elaborate description appeared in the klesby also contributed the article on Trinity College to Hartford Evening Post, September 16, 1873; c.f., The The College Book. Trinity Tablet, November, 1873. 106. The Trinity Tablet, May 19, 1877. 68. Unidentified newspaper clipping in Scrapbook of 107. The Trinity Tablet, July 1, 1876. Edward M. Scudder '77 in Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ 108. The Trinity Tablet, June 30, 1877. lege, Hartford. 109. The Trinity Tablet, October 6, 1877. 6g. Ibid. no. The Trinity Tablet, Supplement for October 26, 70. The Trinity Tablet, November, 1873. 1878. 71. New York Daily Tribune, August 21, 1875; W. C. 111. The Trinity Tablet, Supplement for November Brocklesby, "Trinity College, Hartford," Scribner's 23, 1878. Monthly (March, 1876), pp. 6n-612. n2. The Trinity Tablet, Supplement for December 72. Trinity's claim to be the first campus in the Eng­ 14, 1878. lish style is open to dispute. The "Old College" at Har- 113. The Trinity Tablet, June 29, 1878; ibid., October

331 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

5, 1878; Minutes of the Missionary Society of Trinity 17. The Trinity Tablet, October 6, 1877; ibid., No­ College, 1875-1890, MS. in Trinity College, Trinity Col­ vember 18, 1877. lege, Hartford. 18. The Trinity Tablet, May 18, 1878. 114. Hartford Daily Times, June 27, 1878. 19. Trinity College Bulletin, New Series, I (February, 115. The present location of Northam Towers. 1904), p. 67. 116. The Trinity Tablet, February 2, 1878. 20. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 117. Hartford Daily Times, November 19, 1878. p. 95; Catalogue of Trinity College, 187g--80, p. 8. 118. The Trinity Tablet, Supplement for December 21. See below. 14, 1878. 22. The Trinity Tablet, November, 1874. ug. Hattie Howard, Poems (Hartford, 1886), pp. 25- 23. The Trinity Tablet, October, 1874; ibid., Novem­ 27. ber, 1874; ibid., November 13, 1875; ibid., June 10, 1876. 120. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1876-77, p. 31. 24. In the Scrapbook of William F. French '79 (in 121. Hartford Daily Times, April3o, 1878. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford) there are 122. A new "electrical machine" was ordered from a numerous references to the College President by this manufacturer of scientific apparatus in Vienna, Austria. nickname. The author would hasten to add, however, Hartford Daily Times, April4, 1879. that were it not for this particular narrative context, fue 123. The Trinity Tablet, May 28, 1878. nickname would not, in itself, indicate disrespect. Pro­ 124. Hartford Daily Times, June 27, 1878. fessor Duncan L. Stewart was always affectionately 125. Program for Fifty-Second Commencement, Thurs­ called "Old Dune," (The Trinity Tablet, February 21, day, June 27, 1878, in Brainard Collection, VI, Trinity 188o) and most of the Professors at the turn of the cen­ Collection, Trinity College, Hartford; The Trinity Tablet, tury were nicknamed by the students. June 29, 1878. 25. The Trinity Tablet, June 10, 1876. 126. The Trinity Tablet, June 29, 1878. 26. M. K. Bailey, Samuel Hart, passim. 127. The Trinity Tablet, June 8, 1878; Hartford Daily 27. The Trinity Ivy, 1874-1875, p. 22. Times, October 10, 1879. 28. The Scrapbook of William F. French '79 (MS. in 128. The Trinity Tablet, October 5, 1878. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford) contains 129. The Trinity Tablet, October 26, 1878. In 1923, at an amazing collection of ticket stubs and programs- in the time of the College's Centennial, the Trustees erected fact, assuming that French used the tickets hinlself, he a plaque in the east portico of the State Capitol. must have attended the theatre at least three or four times a week. CHAPTER XII 29. The Trinity Tablet, November 18, 1876. As here 1. "The Administration of President Smith," Trinity reported, the resolution read: "No singing is allowed on College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), p. 7· the campus or in the buildings. It is out of order at all 2. Trustees Minutes, November 16, 1878. By June, times." 1879, the College had spent just a little over $7oo,ooo 30. Memorandum dated Sunday, Nov. 8th, '76, MS. on grounds, plans, and construction. Treasurer's Report, #56895 in Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, Conn. June, 1879, p. 11. 31. The Trinity Tablet, December 9, 1876. 3· Trustees Minutes, June 25, 1879. 32. Hartford Daily Courant, November 21, 1876. 4· Hartford Daily Times, February 23, 1878. 33· The Trinity Tablet, December 9, 1876. 5· Hartford Daily Courant, July 9, 1878. 34· The Trinity Tablet, February 3, 1877. Lowering 6. See Chapter XI. the class standing was a system of demerits which af­ 7· Clipping from The Independent, September 2, 1875, fected the grade average of the individual students. in Scrapbook of Edward M. Scudder '77 in Trinity Col­ 35· The Trinity Tablet, April 28, 1877. lection, Trinity College, Hartford. 36. Hartford Daily Courant, February 23, 1879. 8. Clipping from the New York World, December 6, 37· The Trinity Tablet, March 17, 1877; ibid., April 1878, in Delta Psi Scrapbook, 1876-1883, in possession 28, 1877. of Epsilon Chapter. 38. The Trinity Tablet, April 28, 1877. g. Brocklesby, oldest member of the Faculty, was 39· The Trinity Tablet, June 9, 1877. then ( 1875) only 64. 40. The Trinity Tablet, June 30, 1877. 10. Although but thirty years of age, Hart had edited 41. MS. in Connecticut State Library, Hartford, Con­ two books, Satires of ]uvenal ( 1873) and Satires of necticut; typescript copy in Trinity Collection, Trinity Plesius ( 1875). Melville K. Bailey, Samuel Hart, Priest College, Hartford; carbon of this copy in possession of and Doctor [No. 127 in the Soldier and Servant Series] the author. (Hartford, 1922), p. 42. 42. Hartford Daily Courant, March 9, 1878. 11. Only Professor Brocklesby and James D. Smyth, 43· Ibid. the Tutor in Greek, were not Trinity graduates. 44· The Trinity Tablet, March 16, 1878. 12. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1875-76, p. 45· 45· The Trinity Tablet, May 18, 1878. 13. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, 46. The Trinity Tablet, June 29, 1878, quoting the pp. 49ff. Sunday Globe. 14. The Trinity Tablet, November, 1874. 47· Ibid. 15. Memoranda of a Tour in England, Scotland & 48. Ibid. Wales in 1872, MS. in Jackson Papers, Trinity Collec­ 49· Hartford Daily Courant, September 17, 1878; The tion, Trinity College, Hartford. Trinity Tablet, October 26, 1878. 16. Trustees Minutes, June 27, 1877; The Trinity Tab­ so. The Trinity Tablet, October 26, 1878. let, October 6, 1877; Hartford Daily Courant, July 3, 51. Hartford Daily Courant, September 13, 1878. The 1877; Trinity College Bulletin, New Series, I, ( Febru­ bell was sold to Episcopal Academy of Connecticut and ary, 1904), pp. 67-68. installed in the tower of Bowden Hall at Cheshire. Prin-

332 N 0 T E S cipal's Report for 1883, Episcopal Academy of Connect­ tees, and the Rev. G. M. Hills, the Rev. Thomas Gallau­ icut Papers, Box I, Archives of the Diocese of Connecti­ det, and Luke A. Lockwood. The Trinity Tablet, March cut, Trinity College, Hartford. 11, 1882. 52. Hartford Daily Courant, September 17, 1878. 8g. "George Morgan Hills," Appleton's Cyclopaedia 53· The Trinity Tablet, October 5, 1878. of American Biography; Catalogus CoUegii Sanctissimae 54· The Trinity Tablet, November 23, 1878. Trinitatis, pp. 24, 40. 55. Copies of the mock catalogue are in various scrap­ go. Catalogus Collegii Sanctissimae Trinitatis, p. 24- books in the Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ 26. ford. See Scrapbook of William F . French '79, ibid. 91. The Trinity Tablet, July 2, 1881. 56. The Trinity Tablet, February 1, 1879. 92. Williams was a cotton manufacturer of Yantic, 57· The Trinity Tablet, February 22, 1879. Connecticut. 58. Hartford Daily Courant, February 24, 1879. 93· Report of the Committee on Alumni Representa­ 59· Hartford Post, February 24, 1879; Hartford Daily tion, March, 1882. A copy of their report is in Brainard Courant, February 24, 1879; The Trinity Tablet, March Collection, VI, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ 15, 1879; D. G. Brinton Thompson, "Sydney George ford. Fisher '79 and Trinity," Trinity College Alumni Maga­ 94· Trustees Minutes, March 14, 1882. zine, IV (January, 1963), p. 10. 95· Circular issued by order of the Trustees, in Brai­ 6o. The Trinity Tablet, March 15, 1879. nard Collection, VI, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 61. Hartford Daily Courant, February 25, 1879. Hartford. 6z. The Trinity Tablet, March 15, 1879. g6. These facts were deplored by "Alumnus" writing 63. A copy of the telegram is in Delta Psi Scrapbook in The Trinity Tablet, June 10, 1882. in possession of Epsilon Chapter; c.f., The Trinity Tablet, 97· The Trinity Tablet, July 1, 1882. March 15, 1879. g8. A copy of the "Petition to the Trustees of the 64. The Trinity Tablet, March 15, 1879; D. G. Brin­ House of Convocation, June 28, 1882," is in Miscella­ ton Thompson, "Sydney George Fisher '79 and Trinity," neous Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ p. 10. ford. 65. The Trinity Tablet, April25, 1879. gg. Trustees Minutes, June 28, 1882. 66. The Trinity Tablet, May 17, 1879. 100. A copy of the Questionnaire is in the Scrapbook 67. Notice signed by T. R. Pynchon, March 22, 1879, of David L. Fleming '8o, in Trinity Collection, Trinity in Delta Psi Scrapbook, 1876-1883, in possession of Ep­ College, Hartford. I have been unable to find any con;t­ silon Chapter. pleted copies of the questionnaire. 68. The Trinity Tablet, October 11, 1879. 101. Circular letter to the Trinity College Alumni 69. Hartford Daily Courant, November 11, 1879. Association of the City of New York, June 13, 1883, 70. Hartford Daily Courant, November 11, 1879. signed by Thomas McLean, Luke A. Lockwood, David 71. Hartford Daily Courant, February 10, 188o. B. Willson, and William E. Curtis in Delta Psi Scrap­ 72. The Trinity Tablet, February 21, 188o. book 1876-1883, in possession of Epsilon Chapter. 73· Hartford Daily Courant, February 26, 188o. 102. Clipping in Scrapbook of Sidney T. Miller, Jr., 74· The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 188o; ibid., April '85, in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 3, 188o. The Scrapbook of Clarence Carpenter, '82, ibid., has 75· The Trinity Tablet, February 5, 1881. clippings from various unidentified newspapers which 76. The Trinity Tablet, July 2, 1881. deal with the situation at Trinity. 77· Hartford Daily Courant, October 19, 188o. 103. John Williams to William James Hamersley, Sepo 78. The Trinity Tablet, June 18, 1881; ibid., July 2, tember 28, 1882, in John Williams Papers, II, Cameron 1881. Collection, Yale University. 79· The Trinity Tablet, October 1, 1881. "Dora's" 104. Ibid. was a popular student "hang-out" "over the hill," on 105. It was Bishop Williams who had "cleared the Zion Street. Ibid., October 15, 1881. air" at the time of the "singing incident" by seeing that 8o. Trustees Minutes, June 30, 188o; ibid., April 23, a compromise was worked out between Faculty and stu­ 1881; The Trinity Tablet, October 29, 1881. dents. See above. 81. The Trinity Tablet, October 1, 1881. 106. The Trinity Tablet, December 3, 1881; ibid., 82. The Trinity Tablet, October 29, 1881. April1, 1882. 83. The Trinity Tablet, December 17, 1881; ibid., De­ 107. John Williams to William James Hamersley, Sep­ cember 16, 1882. tember 28, 1882, in John Williams Papers, II, Cameron 84. The Trinity Tablet, Supplement for December 17, Collection, Yale University. 1881. 108. William James Hamersley to John Williams, Sep­ 85. The Trinity Tablet, October 28, 1882. tember 28, 1882, John Williams Papers, II, Cameron Col­ 86. Commons was forced to close because Mr. Harris, lection, Yale University. the steward, was not successful in collecting the dining 109. Trustees Minutes, October 3, 1882. fee from the students. The college authorities, it would 110. Trustees Minutes, November 28, 1882. seem, did not assist him in any way in collecting his 111. The Trinity Tablet, November 18, 1882. bills. The Trinity Tablet, November 12, 1881; ibid., De­ 112. The Trinity Tablet, December 6, 1882. The cember 3, 1881; ibid., October 7, 1882. Tablet editors made sport of the proposal by suggesting 87. Trustees Minutes, June 25, 188o. that each Professor's salary be raised to $5,000 and that 88. Trustees Minutes, June 30, 188o; Trustees Min­ every Freshman who entered college without academic utes, June 28, 1881. The Committee (or rather Joint conditions be given a $100 gold piece. Committee ) consisted of the Rt. Rev. B. H. Paddock, the 113. The Trinity Tablet, February 3, 1883. Rev. G. S. Mallory, and William Hamersley of the Trus- 114. Newspaper clipping from Springfield Republi-

333 T H E HISTORY 0 F T R I N I T Y C 0 L L E G E can in Scrapbook of Sidney T. Miller '85, in Trinity Col­ sociation of the City of New York, June 13, 1883, in lection, Trinity College, Hartford. Delta Psi Scrapbook, 1876-1883, in possession of Epsilon 115. "William Reed Huntington," Appleton's Cyclo­ Chapter. paedia of American Biography. 17. Trinity College Bulletin, New Series, I (February, 116. John Williams to William James Hamersley, April 1904), p. 67; "Historical Sketch of Triirity College," 14, 1883, John Williams Papers, II, Cameron Collection, Trinity College Bulletin, New Series, II, (February, Yale University. 1905), p. 62. 117. John Williams to William James Hamersley, April 18. The Trinity Tablet, June 28, 1879. 18, [1883], John Williams Papers, II, Cameron Collec­ 19. Trustees Minutes, June 27, 1883; The Trinity tion, Yale University. Tablet, June 30, 1883. 118. Ibid. 20. The Trinity Tablet, December 15, 1883. For 119. A. N. Littlejohn to John Williams, April 30, the organization of the local associations, see below. 1883, John Williams Papers, II, Cameron Collection, 21. Unidentified clipping in Scrapbook of William F. Yale University. French '79, in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hart­ 120. "George Williamson Smith," Appleton's Cyclo­ ford. paedia of American Biography. 22. The Trinity Tablet, May 22, 188o. 121. Benjamin H. Paddock to John Williams, April 23. The Trinity Tablet, Aprilg, 1881. 17, [1883], John Williams Papers, II, Cameron Collec­ 24. The Trinity Tablet, November 10, 1883; The Tri~ tion, Yale University. ity Ivy, 1888. The Maryland group was the Washington 122. The Trinity Tablet, May 12, 1883. and Baltimore Association of Trinity Alumni. 123. George Williamson Smith to the Trustees of Trin­ 25. The Trinity Tablet, November 10, 1883. ity College, May 17, 1883, copy in Trustees Minutes, 26. The Trinity Tablet, January 26, 1884. June 27, 1883. 27. The Trinity Tablet, January 26, 1884. 124. The Trinity Tablet, June g, 1883. 28. Trinity College, Annual Statement of the Treas­ 125. Trustees Minutes, June 30, 188o. urer, June, 1885, copy in Treasurer's Reports in Trinity 126. George Williamson Smith to the Trustees of Trin­ Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. ity College, May 17, 1883, copy in Trustees Minutes, 29. Ibid., June, 1886. June 27, 1883. 30. Ibid., June, 1887. 127. Trustees Minutes, June 27, 1883. 31. Ibid., June, 1888. 128. Ibid. 32. Ibid., June, 188g. 33· Hartford Evening Post, February 10, 1888. CHAPTER XIII 34· The Trinity TabTet, October 13, 1883. 1. The Trinity Tablet, June g, 1883. 35· Ibid. 2. Ibid. 36. Report of the President of Trinity College, 1883- 3· John Williams et al. to the Alumni of Trinity Col­ 1884, p. 4· lege, Hartford, June 1, 1883, Presidents' Papers, Trinity 37· Ibid. Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 38. The Trinity Tablet, March 29, 1884. 4· The Trinity Tablet, November 18, 1882. 39· Ibid. s. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1881-82, p. 23. 40. The Trinity Tablet, December 12, 1885. 6. A collection of press items is in the Brainard Col­ 41. The Trinity Tablet, January 23, 1886. lection, VI, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 42. The Trinity Tablet, October 28, 1876. 7· Signed by J. J. McCook, Secretary, and eleven 43· The Trinity Tablet, December g, 1876. members of the Board of Fellows, November 23, 1882, 44· Robert S. Morris, Pigskin Parade at Trinity (Hart­ copy in Brainard Collection, VI, Trinity Collection, Trin­ ford, 1955), pp. 9-15. ity College, Hartford. 45· The source of this and following paragraphs deal­ 8. Ibid. ing with Trinity football is Robert S. Morris, class of g. Northam Towers was finished by May, 1883. The 1916, Pigskin Parade, pp. 16lf. Trinity Tablet, May 12, 1883. 46. See Chapter IX. 10. See previous chapter. 47· The Scrapbook of John Paine '92 (in Trinity 11. Trustees Minutes, February 23, 1883; Catalogue of Collection, Trinity College, Hartford) has several invi­ Trinity College, 1883-4, p. 30. tations and menus for the St. Paul's dinners which were 12. Trustees Minutes, March g, 1883. held annually at Heublein's Cafe. 13. "Historical Sketch of Trinity College," The Trinity 48. Arthur Standwood Pier, St. Paul's School, 1855- College Bulletin, New Series, II (February, 1905), p. 1934 (New York, 1934), pp. 79lf., g6-g7. 62. 49· The Trinity Tablet, May 22, 188o; ibid., June 12, 14. Circular Letter of a Committee of the Trinity Col­ 188o; ibid., November 6, 188o. lege Athletic Association to the Alunini of Trinity Col­ so. The Trinity Tablet, November 27, 188o; ibid., lege, Januarr. 26, 1883, copy in Scrapbook of Sidney T. February 5, 1881. Miller, Jr. 85, in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 51. The Trinity Tablet, April g, 1881; ibid., May 14, Hartford. 1881. 15. "Historical Sketch of Trinity College," Trinity Col­ 52. See The Trinity Ivy for the years following 1881, lege Bulletin, New Series, II (February, 1905), p. 62; and the records of the Trinity College Athletic Depart­ Hartford Daily Times, January 6, 1888. The Rev. John J. ment. McCook was credited with having raised $38,ooo of the 53· Records of Trinity College Athletic Department. I total cost of $51,000. The Trinity Tablet, November 6, am indebted to my student assistant, Mr. Kenneth Fish, 1886. Class of 1964, for his compilation of baseball records. 16. Circular Letter to the Trinity College Alunlni As- 54· The Trinity Ivy, 1888, p. s.

334 N 0 T E S

55· See The Trinity Ivy for these years. 95· R. S. Morris, "The Coleman Outing," p. 11. There 56. The Trinity Tablet, passim. There are several pro­ are programs and other mementos of this occasion in the grams of these "Field Meetings" in the Scrapbook of Scrapbook of John Paine '92 in Trinity Collection, Donald L. Fleming '8o in the Trinity Collection, Trinity Trinity College, Hartford. College, Hartford. g6. The Trinity Tablet, October 5, 188g. 57· See programs in various scrapbooks in the Trinity 97· Robert Coleman file, Alumni Records, Trinity Col­ Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. lege Alumni Office. 58. The Trinity Tablet, November 10, 1883. In 1887, g8. Cady was given an honorary M.A. in 188o. Cata­ a Mr. Stephen Daly was briefly engaged as instructor. logue of Trinity College, 188o-81, p. 44· The Trinity Tablet, October 29, 1887. gg. Excerpts provided by John A. Mason, class of 59· Hartford Daily Courant, March 7, 1888. 1934, from a monograph History of Epsilon Chapter by 6o. The Trinity Ivy, 18go, p. gg. Frederick E. Haight '87. , 61. There was a roller rink in downtown Hartford. 100. The House of William Burges ( [n.p., n.d.] ), p. 3· 62. The Trinity Tablet, March 7, 1885; The Trinity 101. Clipping from The American Architect, in Scrap­ Ivy, 1885-86, p. 68. book of W. C. Brocklesby '6g, in Trinity Collection, 63. "Lawn-Tennis," Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Trinity College, Hartford. edition; Constance Dimock Ellis, The Magnificent E~ 102. Hartford Daily Courant, May 14, 1877. terprise: A Chronicle of Vassar College (Poughkeepsie, 103. Interview with Mr. John L. Westney, Jr., class 1961), p. 22. of '64, October 17, 1963. 64. The Trinity Tablet, October 5, 1878; Robert S. 104. See Chapter X. Morris '16, "'Ready?' 'Serve,'" Trinity College Alumni 105. Annals of Psi Upsilon: 1833-1941 (New York, Magazine, IV (May, 1963), p. 47· 1941), pp. 242-244. 65. The Trinit¥ ~?~let, M~:>; 17, 1~~.9· 106. The Trinity Tablet, February 2, 1878. 66. R. S. Moms, Ready? Serve, p. 47· 107. The Trinity Ivy, 1892, p. 48. 67. Lawson Purdy '84, "75 Years an Alumnus," Tri~ IG8. Article "Fraternities, College," Encyclopaedia ity College Bulletin, LVI (May, 1959), p. 6. Britannica, 11th edition. 68. The Trinity Tablet, May 14, 1881. 109. Hartford Daily Courant, May g, 1879; The Tri~ 6g. The Trinity Ivy, 1882-1883, pp. 72-76. ity Ivy, 1892, p. 54· Delta Kappa Epsilon had absorbed 70. The Trinity Ivy, 1883-1884, pp. 7D-77. the Trinity College Clio-Literary Society, a group with 71. Lawn Tennis Library Record, No. 48 (April, thirteen members. The Trinity Ivy, 1878-79 ( p. 44 ), 1g6o), unpaged. listed fourteen members from the Junior, Sophomore, 72. Robert S. Morris, " 'Ready?' 'Serve,'" p. 47· and Freshman classes. See below. 73· Ibid., p. 47; Lawn Tennis Library Record, No. 48 110. Copy in Delta Psi Scrapbook, 1876-1883, in (April, 1900), unpaged. possession of Epsilon Chapter. 74· Lawn Tennis Library Record, No. 48 (April, 111. Communication from I.K.A. and other Societies 196o), unpaged. to Beta Beta [n.d.] in Psi Upsilon Archives, Hartford, 75· The Trinity Tablet, October 27, 1883. Connecticut. 76. The Trinity undergraduates regarded this descrip­ 112. The Hartford Journal, October 2, 1887. It might tion as adding insult to injury for, in 1884, the Trinity be noted in passing that the Tablet had, from the begin­ football team had lost to Harvard by a score of 67 to o. ning, followed the policy of having each secret society R. S. Morris, Pigskin Parade at Trinity, p. 17. represented on the editorial board. The Trinity Tablet, 77· The Trinity Tablet, April16, 1887. December 18, 1886. 78. The Trinity Tablet, May 14, 1887. 113. Annals of Psi Upsilon, p. 240. 79· The Trinit¥ ~?~let, Oc~?ber 2~,}887 . 114. The Trinity Tablet, December 10, 1887. 8o. R. S. Morns, Ready? Serve, p. 47· 115. The Trinity Tablet, Aprilu, 1891. 81. The Trinity Tablet, February 5, 1887; The Trinity 116. See above. Ivy, 1888, p. 77· 117. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 214. 82. The Trinity Tablet, December 10, 1887. 118. The Hartford Journal, October 2, 1887. 83. The Trinity Tablet, February 5, 1887. 119. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 214. 84. The Trinity Tablet, March 19, 1887. 120. This statement really defies accurate documen­ 85. See above. tation, but it is based on statements made in interviews 86. The Trinity Tablet, March 19, 1887. with men who attended the College during the 18go's 87. The Trinity Tablet, February 25, 1888. and early 1goo's. 88. The Trinity Ivy, 1890, p. 88. 121. Delta Psi Scrapbook, 186g-1888, in possession 8g. The Trinity Ivy, 18go (pp. 102ff) listed, in addi­ of Epsilon Chapter. tion to the varsities, three class football teams, four class 122. The Trinity Tablet, June 28, 1879; ibid., Feb­ baseball teams, and five fraternity tennis teams. ruary 26, 1887; ibid., February 6, 18go. go. In 1887, the Faculty passed a resolution requiring 123. The Trinity Tablet, October 4, 18go. each athlete to produce a physician's certificate that he 124. George B. Gilbert 'g6, Forty Years a Country was in perfect health. The Trinity Tablet, June 11, 1887. Preacher (New York and London, [1939]), p. 47· 91. The Trinity Tablet, March 22, 18go; The Trinity 125. The Trinity Tablet, October 4, 18go. A marginal Ivy, 1892, p. 94· notation by Philip Cook 'g8 in the Catalogue for 18g6- 92. Hartford Journal, February 19, 1888. 97 ( pp. 15ff. ) in the Brainard Collection, VIII, lists 93· R. S. Morris, "The Coleman Outing, June 28-July only nine out of a total of 110 regular undergraduates as 6, 188g," Trinity College Bulletin, XLIX (July, 1952), not belonging to fraternities. P· 11. 126. The Trinity Ivy, 1881-83, p. 88. 94· The Trinity Tablet, October 5, 188g. 127. Monograph History of Epsilon Chapter of Fred-

335 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E erick E. Haight '87. Delta Psi continued this custom un­ 163. The Trinity Tablet, February 20, 1897. til the completion of Ogilby Hall in 1941. 164. G. B. Gilbert, Forty Years a Country Preacher, 128. Conversation with Anson T. McCook 'oz, Octo­ PP· 45-46. ber 21, 1963. 165. The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 1897. An uni­ 129. The Trinity Tablet, April12, 1890. dentified newspaper clipping in Scrapbook of John 130. Reports of the President and Librarian, 1890, p. Paine 'o2 describes the Freshman-Junior Banquet held at Heublein's as an "ancient college custom." Trinity 131. Catalogue of Trinity College, 189o-g1, p. 15ff. Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 132. Newspaper clippings for this incident are in the 166. The Trinity Ivy, 1900, p. 164. There were, of Scrapbook of John Paine '95, in Trinity Collection, course, other dining clubs. The Trinity Ivy, 1894 ( un­ Trinity College, Hartford. paged) lists the Well-Fed, Delmonico's, and Ye Merrie 133. The Trinity Tablet, October 26, 1894, although Rounders. incorrectly, announced that the chapter had disbanded. 167. The Sophomore Dining Club later came to serve 134. The Trinity Ivy, 1901, p. 45, listed four active as the College's "official host," by serving as campus members: one from 'oo, one from 'o1, and two from 'oz. guides for prospective students and by usliering at the 135. The Trinity Ivy, 1902, p. 48. College's public events. The organization was disbanded 136. Pictured in The Trinity Ivy, 1904, r· 78. in 1961 and its duties assumed by a new organization 137. Alpha Chi Rho Exoteric Manua (n.p., 1956), called the Cerberus. pp. 17-18. 168. The Trinity Tablet, June 8, 1895; ibid., Com­ 138. G. Monroe Royce, "Trinity College," The Church­ mencement Supplement, 1895. man, May 9, 1896. 16g. Albany Evening Post, July 2, 1894. 139. Alpha Chi Rho Exoteric Manual, p. 24. 170. The Trinity Ivy, 1888, pp. 111ff. The Scrapbook 140. Conversation with Sidney D. Pinney, Class of of John Paine '92 in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 1918, May 25, 1960. Hartford, contains many card party invitations and score 141. "The Story of Alpha Chi Rho," The Garnet and cards. One unidentified newspaper clipping in the scrap­ White, XXXVIII (February, 1938), p. 11. book announces the I.K.A. party and lists the prizes to 142. The Trinity Tablet, February 23, 1878. be offered as "six handsome silver articles from Tiffany's, 143. Hartford Daily Courant, May 9, 1879. The his­ New York." torian of Alpha Chi Chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon 171. The Trinity Tablet, December 22, 1891; The says that "The Clio" was founded with the intention of Trinity Ivy, 1891, p. 136. becoming a chapter of a national fraternity. "8oth An­ 172. The Trinity Ivy, 1898, p. 175. niversary of Alpha Chi," Alpha Chi News, May 1, 173. The Trinity Ivy, 1893, p. 8o. 1959· 174. The Trinity Tablet, June 21, 1892. 144. The Trinity Ivy, 187g-8o, p. 6o. The Sophomore 175. The Trinity Tablet, October 28, 1893; ibid., Oc­ Secret Society did not appear in the Ivy for 1882-83. tober 26, 1894. 145. The Trinity Ivy, 1882-83, p. 62. 176. The Trinity Tablet, October 16, 1897. 146. The Hartford Journal, February 12, 1888. 177. In 1890, the Athletic Association gave an As­ 147. See Chapter XII. sembly at which "about one hundred and twenty-five 148. The Trinity Ivy, 1881-82, p. 59· of the most fashionable people of Hartford were present." 149. The Trinity Ivy, 1882-83. The Trinity Tablet, April 12, 1890. 150. The Trinity Ivy, 1883-84, p. 59; ibid., 1884-85, 178. The Trinity Tablet, February 16, 1884; ibid., p. 59· March 8, 1884. 151. The Trinity Tablet, November 27, 1886. 179. The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 1897. 152. The Trinity Ivy, 1885-86, p. 53; ibid., 1888, p. 7; 180. See a full description in The Trinity Tablet, Feb- ibid., 1889, p. 72; ibid., 18go, p. 82; ibid., 1891 p. 8o. ruary 11, 1895, and ibid., March 12, 1895. 153. There were thirty-five members of the class at 181. The Trinity Ivy, 18gg, p. 162. the beginning of the Christmas Term. Catalogue of Trin­ 182. The Trinity Tablet, October 3, 1891. ity College, 1891-92, pp. 17-18. 183. The Trinity Tablet, October 13, 1888. The Hart­ 154. The Trinity Tablet, June 21, 1892. ford Times, the Democratic paper, polled the students 155. The Trinity Tablet, June 26, 1894. and found that there were sixty Republicans and forty 156. The Trinity Ivy, 1894, unpaged; The Trinity Democrats. September 29, 1888. Tablet, May 25, 1895. 184. The Trinity Tablet, March 17, 1883. 157. Trinity College Handbook, 1963-64, p. 12. 185. The Trinity Tablet, February 26, 1887; ibid., 158. See Chapter VII. October 29, 1887. 159. The Trinity Tablet, December 10, 1887; The 186. The Trinity Tablet, December 17, 188g; ibid., Trinity Ivy, 1890, p. 154; The Trinity Tablet, March November 24, 1891. 19, 1892; The Trinity Ivy, 1895, p. 153; The Trinity 187. The Trinity Tablet, October 3, 1891; The Trinity Ivy, 1896, p. 191. Ivy, 1892, p. 75· 160. In 188g, the Episcopal Academy of Connecticut 188. The Trinity Tablet, November 17, 1894. group had but three members. The Trinity Ivy, 1890, p. 189. The Trinity Tablet, January 23, 1895. 154. In 1895, there were three from St. Albans and two 190. The Trinity Tablet, March 12, 1895. from Holderness. The Trinity Ivy, 1896, p. 191. 191. The Trinity Tablet, April 16, 1895. 161. For 1885-86, the charge was $4.50 per week. 192. The Trinity Tablet, June 8, 1895. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1885-86, p. 46. In 1900, 193. The Trinity Tablet, December 7, 1895. the Catalogue stated that "board can be obtained at 194. James Ross Sweeney, Class of 1962, "A Brief $3.50 a week and upward." Catalogue of Trinity College, History of the [Atheneum] Society," Trinity College Athe­ 190o-1901, p. 77· neum Society Annual Report ( 196o), unpaged. 162. The Trinity Tablet, October 13, 1893. 195. The Trinity Tablet, October 29, 1887. N 0 T E S

196. The Trinity Tablet, December 19, 1894. 227. The Trinity Tablet, December 22, 1891. 197. The Scrapbook of John Paine '92 in Trinity Col­ 228. Robert S. Morris, "The Lemon Squeezer Legend, lection, Trinity College, Hartford, has a large collection 1857-1952," Trinity College Bulletin, XLIX (May, 1952), of programs, invitations, and clippings of the Trinity pp. 7, 18. dramatic performances. 229. The Trinity Tablet, April l7, 1886. 1g8. The Trinity Tablet, January 17, 1891. 230. Hartford Daily Courant, March 19, 1866. 199. The Trinity Tablet, June 28, 18gB. 231. The Trinity Tablet, March 17, 1883. 200. Various issues of The Trinity Ivy show the casts 232. The Trinity Tablet, March 29, 1884; ibid., March of several productions. 28, 1885; ibid., April17, 1886. 201. The Trinity Tablet, May 7, 1892. 233. The Trinity Tablet, March 28, 1885; ibid., March 202. Evelyn Ames, Daughter of the House (Boston 22, 1890. and Cambridge, Mass., 1962), pp. 84-85. 234. Hartford Daily Courant, March 19, 1888. 203. Issues of The Trinity Ivy for the period list the 235. Jerome P. Webster 'w has in his possession ac­ banjo performers, but these men listed for the Royal counts of "episodes" in the undergraduate years of the Egyptians were seldom members of the other string Class of 1910. These were compiled for the fiftieth an­ groups on campus, which strongly suggests that mem­ niversary celebration of the class. bership was not based on musical ability. 236. I have been supplied with graphic descriptions 204. See The Trinity Ivy, 1895 ( p. 136), which listed of these events by Bert C. Gable, Class of 1922, Francis twenty-four honorary members. L. Lundborg, Class of 1924, and Alfred L. Peiker, Class 205. The Trinity Tablet, October 26, 1878. of 1925. 206. The Trinity Tablet, October 29, 1887. 237. The Trinity Tablet, December 9, 1876. 207. The Trinity Ivy, 1888, pp. 99£f. 238. The Trinity Tablet, February 20, 1886. 208. Several Programs for 1889 are in the Scrapbook "'39· Hartford Post, February 15, 1888. of John Paine '92, in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 240. The Trinity Tablet, February 25, 1888. Hartford. 241. The Trinity Tablet, November 16, 1895. In 1894, 209. Program in ibid. the Corporation, with the approval of the Faculty and 210. The Trinity Tablet, November 22, 1890. Board of Fellows, adopted a standard academic hood for 211. The Trinity Tablet, February 28, 1891; ibid., the College. The "cut' was Oxford, except the D.D. hood March 21, 1891; ibid., Aprilu, 1891. which was of the Cambridge cut. Single printed page 212. The Trinity Tablet, January 25, 1895. A tour announcement in Brainard Collection, VIII, Trinity Col­ had also been made in 1893 and 1894. The Trinity Tab­ lege, Hartford. let, May 9, 1894. The Mandolin Club was organized in 242. The Trinity Tablet, March 7, 1896. the fall of 1893. Many of the members of the Mandolin 243. The Trinity Tablet, March 10, 1900. Club were also members of the Banjo Club and the Glee 244. See The Trinity Ivy, 1906, pp. 54, 62, 72, 78, Club. The Trinity Ivy, various issues for this period. where all four classes wore cap and gown. 213. The Trinity Tablet, February 16, 1895. William 245. Local establishments advertising regularly in the B. Davis was the coach of both the Wesleyan and Ivy and the Tablet were David Low, L. H. Billings, Trinity Glee Clubs. Edward Abbe Niles, Class of 1916, Gemmill, Burnham & Co., and Horsfalls & Rothschild. "Songs of Trinity: 'A Smart Trinity Man,'" The Trinity 246. Brooks Brothers advertised consistently in both Tripod, October 25, 1963. Tablet and Ivy. 214. The Trinity Tablet, February 16, 1895. 247. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, pp. 231- 215. The Trinity Tablet, April16, 1895. 232. 216. The Trinity Tablet, February 8, 1890. 248. James Albert Wales, "The Story of Alpha Chi 217. See Chapter X. Rho," The Garnet and White, XXXVIII (December, 218. Vigentennial Dinner of the Class of '61 Trinity 1937), p. 36. College at the Allyn House, Hartford, June 29, 1881. 249. Ibid. Program in Trinity Tablet Scrapbook, 1856-1861, in Trin­ 250. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 237· ity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. William W. Tucker, a member of the Class of 1903 who 219. Also "Were You There When They Crucified My spent but one year at Trinity ( 1899--1900), bought a Lord?" Edward Abbe Niles has pointed out that the new suit of clothes while in Hartford. When he returned same tune has been used at Rutgers for "On the Banks to his home in Buffalo, New York, at Christmas time, his of the Old Raritan," but that the thorough investigation "family really laughed at my new collegiate suit." Wil­ of the background of the two college songs by Robert S. liam W. Tucker to the author, December 2, 196o, in Morris has disclosed no evidence of borrowing. "Songs possession of the author. of Trinity: 'Neath the Elms," The Trinity Tripod, Octo­ 251. These were the colors of '73, '74, '75, and '76, ber 18, 1963. respectively, The Trinity Ivy, 1872-73, pp. 15ff. 220. Augustus Burgwin, The Origin of a College 252. The Trinity Ivy, 188o-81, pp. 16ff. Song, carbon copy of Typescript Memorandum in Alumni 253. The Trinity Ivy, 1884-85, pp. 13ff. Office, Trinity College. 254. The Trinity Ivy, 1892, pp. 2off. 221. Class of '82: An Interesting Historical Episode, 255. The Trinity Tablet, November 16, 1895. carbon copy of Typescript Memorandum in Alumni Of­ 256. The Trinity Tablet, December 7, 1895. Trinity fice, Trinity College. took comfort in the fact that Wesleyan played a gradu­ 222. The Trinity Tablet, December 17, 1901. ate of the class of 1895. 223. Trinity College Bulletin, III (October, 1902), 257. The Trinity Tablet, January 30, 1892. p. 54; The Trinity Tablet, June 23, 1902. 258. The Trinity Tablet, June 21, 1892. 224. The Trinity Tablet, July 2, 1884. 259. Trinity Verse went through two editions, 1892 225. The Trinity Tablet, February 24, 1885. and 1895. The Trinity Tablet, May 28, 1892; ibid., De­ 226. The Trinity Tablet, February 28, 1891. cember 7, 1895; ibid., December 21, 1895.

337 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

z6o. Trinity Sketches, drawn largely from the Tablet, 6. The Trinity Tablet, September 29, 1884. appeared in 1894. The Trinity Tablet, April 7, 1894. 7· Catalogue of Trinity College, 1875-76, p. 35· 261. The Trinity Ivy, 1902, iii, advertisement of Si­ 8. Trustees Minutes, September 18, 1876. mons & Fox, 7 Haynes Street, Hartford. g. The Trinity Tablet, June 7, 1884; ibid., March 27, 262. The Trinity Tablet, December 23, 1894. The 1884; Catalogue of Trinity College, 1885-86, pp. 17-40. Tablet also proposed the lily of the valley as an alternate 10. See the Catalogue of Trinity College for the years because of the College's former colors of green and following 1884. This trend became particularly notice­ white. Ibid. able toward the close of the century. The Trinity Tablet 263. The Trinity Tablet, May 6, 1899. reported on June 16, 18g8, that between 1893 and 18g8 264. Frederick C. Hinkel, Jr. 'o6, "History of the between zo% and 30% of each class were dropped for Trinity Bantam," Trinity College Alumni Magazine, ll low academic standing. (January, 1961), p. 10. 11. The Trinity Tablet, November 24, 1888. 265. This is not entirely improbable, for there was, at 12. The Trinity Tablet, May 5, 1888. the time, an especially active Detroit Association of 13. Catalogue of Trinity College, 18go-g1, p. 24. Alumni. The Trinity Ivy, 1905, p. 23. In the Trinity Ivy, 14. The Trinity Tablet, October 24, 1891. 1906 ( p. 31) it is called the Michigan Association of 15. The Trinity Tablet, November zB, 1893; Cata­ Alumni. logue of Trinity College, 18g1-18gz, p. 52; Catalogue of z66. F. C. Hinkel, "History of the Trinity Bantam," Trinity College, 1893-94, p. 53· P· 11. 16. The Trinity Tablet, May 11, 1895. 2fi7. The Trinity Tablet, January 18, 18go. Early in 17. The Trinity Tablet, July z, 1884. Harvard granted 18go, a student had the agency for J. B. Brine, dealer its last M.A. "in course" in 1872; Yale offered its first in sporting goods. The Trinity Tablet, February 8, 18go. earned M.A. in 1876. John S. Brubacher and Willis z68. The Trinity Tablet, November 22, 18go. Rudy, Higher Education in Transition: An American His­ z6g. The Trinity Tablet, February 27, 18gz. tory, 1636-1956 (New York, [ 1958]), p. 18g. 270. The following £aragraphs are a paraphrase of 18. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1887-88, p. 20. James Albert Wales, 'The Story of Alpha Chi Rho," 19. See the Catalogue of Trinity College for the years The Gamet and White, XXXVIII (December, 1937), following 1888. It might be noted here that, beginning 12-13, 35-36; XXXVIII (February, 1938), 1o-12, 31- with the M.A.'s of 188g, a large number of the recipients 32; XXXIX (September, 1938), 15, 56-57. held professional degrees in Law, Medicine, or Theology. 271. The Trinity Ivy, 1894 (unpaged) has eight pic­ In 18go, Charles McLean Andrews of the Class of 1884 tures of student rooms, each showing an unusual amount received a Trinity M.A. after having taken a Ph.D. from of Victorian "clutter." Ernest Earnest in Academic Pro­ Johns Hopkins the year before. cession (p. 231) says that the student of the late 18oo's zo. Walter Crosby Eells and Harold A. Haswell, Aca­ was an inveterate collector, and that he filled his room demic Degrees [Bulletin 196o, No. zB, U.S. Department with steins, pipes, tobacco jars, pennants, pillows em­ of Health, Education, and Welfare] (Washington, 1g6o), broidered by girls of his acquaintance, photographs of pp. 44-45. In 1895, the Trustees had voted down a mo­ girls, and stolen street signs. tion by Trustee Sanford Jackson Horton to confer an 272. In 18go, The Trinity Tablet (October 25) justi­ honorary Ph.D. upon Eri Davidson Woodbury, principal­ fied hazing on grounds that the "mild form" which was elect of the Episcopal Academy of Connecticut. Trustees practised at Trinity was necessary to transform school Minutes, June 25, 1895. boys into college men. "Bloody Monday" was the high 21. He lived in z8 Jarvis Hall. Catalogue of Trinity spot of the hazing schedule, celebrated "by the rampant College, 1887-88, p. 13. Sophomore with l:tis uproarious ceremonies." The Trinity zz. Catalogue of Trinity College, 188g-go, p. 6z. Tablet, October 3, 1891. One Trinity man found Bloody 23. The Trinity Ivy, 1893, p. 41. Monday particularly ''brutal." George B. Gilbert, Forty 24. Catalogue of Trinity College, 18gz-g3, pp. 15, 59· Years a Country Preacher, p. 48. 25. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1896-g7, p. 47· 273. "Basket-Ball," Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Ed. z6. Catalogus Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MCM, p. 66. 274. "Basketball - 1897," Trinity College Alumni 27. Catalogue of Trinity College, 18g8-18gg, pp. 18- News, VIII (May, 1947), p. 12. 19. 275. The Trinity Tablet, December 5, 1894. 28. "Graduate Work in Trinity College," Trinity Col­ 276. The Trinity Tablet, December 19, 1894. lege Bulletin, I (December, 1900), p. 74· 277. The Trinity Ivy, 18g8, p. 147. zg. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1883-1884, pp. zB­ 278. "Basketball- 1897," p. 12. zg. 279. The Trinity Tablet, April 30, 1901; ibid., May 30. Trinity College Bulletin, I (April, 1goo), p. 117; 21, 1901. ibid., I (July, 1goo), pp. 84-85. 31. Trinity College Bulletin, I (April, 1900), p. 117. 32. This was a constant complaint in The Trinity Tab­ CHAPTER XIV let for the 188o's. 1. Sample questions and the general scope of the ex­ 33. G. Monroe Royce, "Trinity College," The Church­ aminations were included in the Catalogue. man, May g, 18g6. z. Charles W. Eliot to Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, Oc­ 34· In 1896, The Trinity Tablet noted that the Li­ tober 21, 1878, Pynchon Papers, Trinity Collection, brary had at last acquired The Decameron. The Trinity Trinity College, Hartford. Tablet, December 17, 18g6. 3· The Trinity Tablet, January 31, 188o. 35· Catalogue of Trinity College, 18gg--1goo, pp. 20, 4· See George Wilson Pierson, Yale College: An Edu­ 6o-61; The Trinity Tablet, October 14, 18gg. cational History, 1871-1920 (New Haven, 1952), pp. 36. The Trinity Tablet, October 25, 1884. 104,3go-3g8, 511-512. 37· Report of the President of Trinity College, 1883- 5· The Trinity Tablet, February 26, 1881. 1884, p. z. N 0 T E S

38. Trustees Minutes, June 28, 1884. "Song of the Trinity Flag" which was sung by massed 39· The Trinity Tablet, February 5, 1887.-The original choirs. The Trinity Ivy, 1896, pp. 23-25. plan for Alumni Hall called for a large "Annex," a huge 6o. The Trinity Tablet, May 11, 1895. fleld-house-like structure of sufficient proportions to per­ 61. The Trinity Ivy, 1895, p. 38. The Trinity College mit indoor baseball. Junius Morgan's gift had been in­ Bulletin, I (April, 1900), r·116, noted that the building tended for the "Annex," and when this structure was not was not to form "part o the south side of the Great built the disappointment of the students was probably Quadrangle." The writer, P~ofessor Martin, went on to well expressed by the Tablet editor who said that the say that "the great idea of Burges can rest and gather failure by the Trustees to carry out donors' wishes would strength from waiting." deter others from making contributions to the College. 62. Annual Report of the Treasurer, June, 18g8, p. 4· The Trinity Tablet, March 19, 1887; Hartford Telegram, 63. John Sabine Smith to George Williamson Smith, June 1, 1887. April 14, 1898, in Boardman Hall File, Treasurer's Office, 40. Samuel Hart, "Trinity College," The University Trinity College. Magazine, IV (April, 1891), p. 338. 64. The Trinity Tablet, June 16, 18g8. 41. The Trinity Tablet, March 17, 1888. 65. Program for Breaking Ground for the Building of 42. The Chapel of Trinity College (Hartford, 1951), the Department of Natural History, Wednesday, June 27, P· 55· 1899, in Brainard Collection, VIII, Trinity Collection, 43· The Trinity Tablet, November 19, 1887. Trinity College, Hartford. 44· The Trinity Tablet, October 5, 1889. 66. Annual Report of the Treasurer, June, 1899, p. 13. 45· The Trinity Tablet, May 19, 1896. 67. Samuel F. Jarvis, Jr., Secretary of the New York 46. The Trinity Tablet, October 15, 1896. Almnni Association, to the Trustees of Trinity College, 47· The Trinity Ivy, 1898, p. 8g. February g, 1899, in Boardman Hall File, Treasurer's 48. Henry A. Perkins, "The Past Half Century," Trin­ Office, Trinity College. ity College Bulletin, XLVII (March, 1950), p. 4; The 68 . Annual Report of the Treasurer, June, 1900, p. 4· Trinity Tablet, November 13, 1902. 6g. Trinity College Bulletin, I (July, 1900), p. 47· 49· Interview with Arthur Adams, February 15, 196o. 70. Trustees Minutes, May 25, 1901; The Trinity Tab­ This building was later moved to the site of the present let, September, 1901. Mrs. Boardman bequeathed the Mathematics-Physics Building and, until it was demol­ College $37,500. Report of the Treasurer, July 1, 1~9, ished to make room for that structure, it was known as p. 13. the Campus Cottage. It was used for various purposes, 71. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), p. including living quarters for the campus engineer and 147; ibid., I (June, 1901), pp. 5-15. social rooms for the Brownell Club. 72. John Sabine Smith to George Williamson Smith, so. C. F. Johnson, "Trinity College," College and April 14, 1898, in Boardman Hall File, Treasurer's Of­ School, I (October, 1890), p. 192. flee, Trinity College. 51. The Trinity Tablet, March 21, 1891. The Annual 73· Morgan contributed an additional $s,ooo, making Statement of the Treasurer (June, 1890), pp. 1o-11, a total of $15,000 out of the $6o,ooo which was spent listed endowment funds of $554,049·66. before the building was completed. Annual Report of the 52. Trustees Minutes, June 24, 1891. Treasurer, June, 1901, p. 16. 53· The Trinity Tablet, December 5, 1891. The Tablet 74· Catalogue of Trinity College, 1888-89, p. 12; The declared that the most recent buildings on campus (in­ Trinity Tablet, February 8, 1888; Hartford Journal, cluding Alumni Hall and Jarvis Laboratory) had been March 18, 1888. "makeshifts." It should be noted in this connection that in 75· Catalogue of Trinity College, 189o-g1, p. 14. 1889 the Trustees again went on record as being de­ 76. The Trinity Tablet, February 18, 1888. termined to leave place, presumably according to the 77· John Williams to Edith Beach, August 25, 1891, Burges plan, for such major buildings as the Chapel, John Williams Papers, II, Cameron Collection, Yale Uni­ Library, Museum, and Dining Hall in the hope that some versity. benefactor would provide the funds. Trustees Minutes, 78. J. P. Morgan to George Williamson Smith, March March 15, 1889. 17, 1900, in Treasurer's Office, Trinity College. 54· The Trinity Tablet, December 6, 1893, carried 79. Report of the Treasurer, July, 1902, pp. g--10. both the floor plan and architect's sketch. So. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), pp. 55. The Trinity Tablet, December 20, 1893. 53-55; Report of the Treasurer, July, 1902, p. 5· 56. The Trinity Ivy, 1893, p. 42. There was probably 81. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1905-1906, pp. 73- confusion with a gift of $25,000 from the residuary heirs 74· of Mrs. Mary J. Keney. This money was made available 82. Actually, the greater portion of Boardman Hall to the College in 1893, but the Trustees applied it to the was devoted to the Musemn. general endowment funds. Trustees Minutes, June 27, 83. Trinity College Bulletin, I (June, 1901), p. 6o; 1893· The Trinity Ivy, 1906, pp. 16-18. 57· Samuel Eliot Morison and Henry Steele Com­ 84. Ibid., p. 18. manger, The Growth of the American Republic ( 2 vols., 85. Edward Abbe Niles '16, "Songs of Trinity: 'A New York, 4th ed., 1954), II, 25off. Smart Trinity Man,' " The Trinity Tripod, October 25, 58. The Trinity Tablet, October 28, 1893. 1963. 59· Hartford Daily Courant, June 20, 1894; Hartford­ 86. Report of the Treasurer, July 1, 1907, pp. 3, 15; Daily Times, June 27, 1894. There is a Flag Day Scrap­ ibid., 1908, pp. 13, 15. book of 223 pages in the Trinity Collection, Trinity Col­ 87. File of J. Pie~ont Morgan Professorship of Natural lege, Hartford. This volume contains clippings, programs, History, in Treasurers Office, Trinity College, Hartford. letters of congratulations, and the correspondence having 88. Robert H. Shutz to Edgar F. Waterman, Novem­ to do with the arrangements for the occasion. Richard ber 23, 1908, in Treasurer's Office, Trinity College, Hart­ Burton '83 and Dudley Buck of the Class of 1859 wrote ford.

339 T H E HISTORY 0 F T R I N I T Y C 0 L L E G E

8g. Report of the TrelM'Urer, July 1, 1909, pp. 13, 16. 1884, in Scrapbook of William F. French '79, in Trinity go. Report of the Treasurer, July 1, 1910, p. 13. Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 91. Report of the TrelM'Urer, July 1, 1911, p. 54; Re­ 117. (Boston, 1886 ). port of the Acting President and Dean, the Librarian, 118. The Trinity Tablet, May 29, 1886. and the Treasurer, October, 1945, p. 88. 119. Clipping from Philadelphia Inquirer, February 6, gz. Ibid. 1888, in Scrapbook of Heyward Scudder '91, in Trinity 93. Hartford Daily Courant, February 27, 1879. Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 94· "The Administration of President Smith," Trinity 120. Hartford Post, January 14, 188g; Hartford Daily College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), p. 10. Courant, January 21, 1889. 95· Report of the President of Trinity College, 1883- 121. Reports of the President and Librarian, 188g, pp. 1884, p. 5; The Trinity Tablet, October 13, 1883; ibid., 12ff. October 27, 1883; ibid., September 29, 1884; ibid., No­ 122. Catalogue of Trinity College, 188g-90, p. 21. vember 6, 1886. In 1884, the Faculty granted the mem­ 123. The Trinity Tablet, January 17, 1891. bers of the chapel choir twelve "class cuts" as "recom­ 124. Officers, Teachers and Alumni of The Episcopal pense for time and work put into rehearsing, etc." The Academy of Connecticut, pp. gff. Trinity Tablet, September 29, 1884. 125. Trustees Minutes, June 24, 1891. g6. Report of the President of Trinity College, 1883- 126. Trustees Minutes, June 21, 18gz. 1884, p. 5· Smith's words were echoed in a letter to the 127. Journal of the Proceedings of the Bishops, Clergy Trinity Tablet (May 29, 1886) signed "F.G.S." In a and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 1892, p. sermon preached in St. James' Church, Poughkeepsie, 23. N.Y., Smith reiterated these ideas and pressed for the 128. Ibid. , p. 52. support of such colleges as Trinity, where religious train­ 129. Ibid., pp. 6o-61. ing was emphasized. Clipping from Philadelphia Inquirer, 130. Ibid. , p. 301. February 6, 1888, in Scrapbook of Heyward Scudder '91, 131. Trustees Minutes of Berkeley Divinity School, in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. December 8, 1894, in John Williams Papers, V, Yale 97· Hugh Hawkins, Pioneer: A History of the Johns University; ibid., February 11, 1895. Hopkins University, 1874-188g (Ithaca, [lg6o] ), p. 274. 132. There are now only two ex-officio members of g8. Morgan Dix, Christian Education: A Sermon the Berkeley Board of Trustees - the Bishop of Connect­ Preached . . . before the Graduating Class of Trinity Col­ icut and the Dean of the Seminary. The official listing of lege (Hartford, 1886), p. 8. This was the Baccalaureate the Trustees did not include the name of George William­ Sermon preached on Trinity Sunday, June 20, 1886. son Smith after 18g6. Middletown and Portland Direc­ gg. The Trinity Tablet, March 19, 1887. tory, 1897-gB. 100. "The Administration of President Smith," Trinity 133. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), p. 10. University, p. 77· 101. Hartford Daily Courant, November 2, 1888; The 134. The Trinity Tablet, February 28, 1891; ibid., Trinity Tablet, November 10, 1888. March 19, 1892; ibid., March 12, 1895. 102. The Trinity Tablet, November 10, 1888; Hart- 135. The Trinity Tablet, May 28, 1892. ford Daily Courant, November 21, 1888. 136. The Trinity Tablet, April 12, 18go. 103. The Trinity Tablet, November 24, 1888. 137. George B. Gilbert, Forty Years a Country 104. Hartford Daily Times, December 3, 1888. Preacher, p. 56. 105. Trustees Minutes, November 21, 1888. 138. The Trinity Ivy, 1894, unpaged. 106. S. L. Clemens to [George Williamson] Smith, 139. The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 1897. Lection Day 1886 [sic], reproduced from Cleveland 140. The Trinity Tablet, May 31, 18go. Leader in Trinity College Alumni News, VIII (May, 141. Program of First Regular Meeting [of the St. 1947), p. 6. The correct date is 1888, not 1886 as re­ Paul's Guild], Monday, June 2, 1890, in Scrapbook of produced. E. B. Stockton '91, in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 107. The Trinity Tablet, December 18, 1888. Hartford. 108. "The Administration of President Smith," Trinity 142. The Guild was not listed in The Trinity Ivy, College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), p. 10. 1894, which suggests that it disappeared before the 109. Trustees Minutes, November 21, 1888; ibid., spring of 1893 when that issue of the Ivy was published. January 19, 188g; Hartford Daily Courant, January 22, 143. See above. 188g. 144. Memorandum Laid Before the Alumni of Trinity 110. Hartford Daily Courant, January 25, 1889. College by the President, June 28, 1893 ([Hartford], 111. Hartford Daily Courant, February 21, 188g. 1893 ), P· 5· 112. Hartford Post, January 14, 188g; Hartford Daily 145. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1893--94, p. 23. Times, January 14, 1889. 146. See above. 113. Hartford Daily Courant, February z6, 1889. 147. The Trinity Tablet, December 5, 1894. 114. Bishops Niles and Potter were the two listed at 148. The Trinity Tablet, December 22, 1891. that time. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1905-1906, p. 149. (Philadelphia, 1895 ). 17. 150. The Trinity Tablet, December 21, 1895. 115. An editorial in the Hartford Daily Times, Sep­ 151. The Churchman, May g, 18g6. tember 24, 1888, pointed out that Trinity was not a sec­ 152. The Trinity Tablet, March 13, 1897. tarian college and, that while Trustees and Faculty were 153. G. Monroe Royce, "Trinity College," The Episcopalians, all were able teachers. The editorial also Churchman, May g, 18g6; The Trinity Tablet, January insisted that Episcopalian religious services should have 25, 18g6. The Tablet predicted that the time would been offensive to nobody. come when "our Trinity College may be a University of 116. Unidentified newspaper clipping of January 30, Hartford." May 11, 1895.

340 N 0 T E S

154. The Trinity Tablet, November 16, 18g5; ibid., Trinity Tablet, June 1g, 18gg. James A. Wales says January Z5, 18g6. that all but four members of the Class of 'o1 were sus­ 155. Trustees Minutes, June Z3, 18g6. pended. "The Story of Alpha Chi Rho," The Garnet and 156. Catalogue of Trinity College, 18g1-gz, p. 7· White, XXXVIII (February, 1938 ), p. 11. 157. The Trinity Tablet, February 17, 18g6. 1g5. Confidential Report of George Williamson Smith 158. The Trinity Tablet, March 7, 18g6. to the Trustees of Trinity College, May 1z, 1903 (A copy 15g. Ibid. of this rare document is in the Trinity Collection, VI, 16o. The Trinity Tablet, March 18, 18g6; ibid., May Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, Connecticut); Ig, 18g6. The Trinity Tablet, June 1g, 18gg. 161. Trustees Minutes, June z4, 18g6; ibid., June zz, 1g6. George Wilfiamson Smith To Reginald N. Will­ 18g7; ibid., June Z3, 18g7. cox, May 10, 18gg, Presidents Papers, Trinity Collection, 16z. The Trinity Tablet, February zo, 18g7. Trinity College, Hartford. 163. The Trinity Tablet, April zz, 18g7. 197. Trustees Minutes, October zo, 1900. 164. Catalogue of Trinity College, 18g7-g8, p. 5· 1g8. Confidential Report of George Williamson Smith 165. The Trinity Tablet, October 16, 18g7. to the Trustees of Trinity College, May IZ, 1903. 166. P. g. 199. The Trinity Tablet, October 14, 1899; Trinity 167. The Trinity Tablet, March 10, 18g8. College Bulletin, I (July, 1goo), p. 6z. 168. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1goo-1901, p. 6g. zoo. Confidential Report of George Williamson Smith 16g. See above. to the Trustees of Trinity College, May 1z, 1g03. 170. Trinity College Bulletin, III (October, 190z), zo1. Trinity College Bulletin, I (April, I goo), p. go. pp. 31-3z. zoz. Ibid., p. 96. 171. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1goo), p. zo3. Trustees Minutes, May z6, 1goo. 48. zo4. The Trinity Tablet, November 10, 1900. 17z. Hartford Daily Times, July 8, 1go1. zo5. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1g04-1905, pp. 88- 173. Trinity College Bulletin, I (April, 1goo), p. 5· 8g. Eight Masters Degrees were granted in 1g04. 174. Trinity College Bulletin, III (October, 1goz), pp. zo6. The Trinity Tablet, November 10, 1goo. g4-g6. zo7. The Trinity Tablet, December 18, 1goo; ibid., 175. Trinity College Bulletin, III (April-June, 1go3), January 30, 1901. P· IL zo8. Trustees Minutes, October z6, 1go1. 176. Hartford Daily Courant, May z, 1g04. zog. The Trinity Tablet, October zz, 1go1. 177. In 18g8, The Trinity Tablet reported on this hos­ z10. Trustees Minutes, October z6, 1go1. tility and noted that the College had consequently suf­ Zll. See following chapter. fered a "setback." But also noting that "a ~rophet is not ZIZ. Personal interview with Martin W. Clement 'o1, without honor save in his own country,' the Tablet June 11, 1g6o; Personal interview with Frederick C. commended Smith's policy, stating that his influence Hinkel 'o6, June g, 1g6o. would be felt more in the future than in the present. z13. The New York Alumni came to the rescue. Louis (June 16, 18g8). Potter 'g6 designed the cover, James A. Wales 'o1 made 178. The Trinity Tablet, Commencement Supplement, several drawings, and the New York Association sub­ I8g7. scribed for copies which they distributed among the 17g. The Trinity Tablet, Commencement Supplement, preparatory schools. Trinity College Bulletin, III (Octo­ 1goo. ber, 1goz), p. 108. 180. Trinity College Bulletin, I (July, 1goo), p. 45· z14. Henry A. Perkins, "The Past Half Century," 181. The Trinity Tablet, Commencement Supplement, Trinity College Bulletin, XLVII (March, 1g5o), pp. 4-5. I goo. z15. Report of the Treasurer of Trinity College, July, 18z. The nine guest preachers for 1goo-1901 were all 1goz, p. 13. Episcopalians. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, z16. George Williamson Smith, "The Tendency of 1goo), p. so. Modem Education: Connecticut's Educational Attitudes 183. The Trinity Tablet, April 30, 1go1. For 1901- and its Present Opportunity for Intellectual Breadth 190z, the preachers were again all Episcopalians. Trinity and Development,' The Connecticut Magazine, VII College Bulletin, II (July, Igoz), p. 19. (Number 5, Series of 1goz-1go3), pp. 6o6-6og; Trinity 184. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1g03-1go4, pp. 17- College Bulletin, III (April-June, 1903), pp. 1z-16. 1g. z17. The Trinity Tablet, May z, 1903. 185. The Trinity Tablet, June 11, 1887. z18. Trustees Minutes, April Z5, 1903; Confidential 186. Hartford Evening Post, September 15, 1888. Report of George Williamson Smith to the Trustees of 187. The Trinity Tablet, April zz, 1897. Trinity College, May 1z, 1g03. 188. The Trinity Ivy, 1901, p. zz8. Zig. Trustees Minutes, May 14, 1g03. 18g. The Trinity Tablet, March 11, 18g9. zzo. Ibid. 190. James Albert Wales, "The Story of Alpha Chi zz1. ( [lgo3] ) . A copy of this document is in the Trus­ Rho," The Gamet and White, XXXVIII (February, tees Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. 1g38), p. 10. zzz. George Williamson Smith to the Trustees of 1g1. The Trinity Tablet, April z1, 18g8. Trinity College, June 5, 1g03, copied into Trustees Min­ 1g2. The Trinity Tablet, May 14, 18g8; ibid., June utes, June 5, 1g03. z8, 18g8. zz3. Trustees Minutes, June 5, 1go3; Trinity College 193. J. A. Wales, "The Story of Alpha Chi Rho," Bulletin, III (April-June, 1g03), pp. 5-7. The Gamet and White, XXXVIII (February, 1938), p. zz4. Trustees Minutes, June Z3, 1903. 10. zz5. Trinity College Bulletin, III (April-June, 1g03), 1g4. Hartford Daily Courant, March z7, 18gg; The P· 6.

341 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

zz6. Hartford Daily Times, June 6, 1903; Hartford 10. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and Daily Courant, June 10, 1903. University, pp. 399ff. 227. "The Administration of President Smith," Trinity 11. Professor W. R. Martin in the Trinity College Bul­ College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), pp. 1off. letin, I (June, 1901), pp. 65-71, commented at great zz8. Sidney George Fisher, Trinity College: Should length upon departmentalization at Trinity. Although the Number of Her Students be Large or Small? (Phila­ Martin favored specialization as necessary to high-cali­ delphia, 1903). bre work, he taught Modem Languages, Oriental Lan­ 229. Trustees Minutes, June 23, 1903. guages, and Religion (a course called "Piety" by the 230. Trinity Coll~ge Bulletin, New Series, I (February, students). See below. 1904), p. 31; ibid., New Series, I (May, 1904), p. 21. 12. Report of the President of Trinity College, June 231. Trustees Minutes, June 23, 1903. 23, 1886, pp. 16ff. 232. Hartford Daily Courant, May 2, 1904. 13. For this and the following paragraphs I have relied 233· The Trinity Tablet, February 17, 1904. heavily on Melville K. Bailey, Samuel Hart, Priest and 234. Trustees Minutes, April 30, 1904. Doctor [Publication No. 127 of Church Missions Publish­ 235. Hartford Daily Courant, May z, 1904. ing Society] ( Hartford, 1922), passim. I am also in­ 236. The Trinity Tablet, April3o, 1904. debted to Edgar F. Waterman 'g8 for interviews on 237. The Trinity Tablet, June 7, 1904. March 30, 1g6o, and December 23, 1961, and to the late 238. Trinity College Bulletin, II (February, 1905), pp. Arthur Adams for an interview on February 15, 1g6o. sff. 14. Trinity College Bulletin, I (April, 1900), p. 93· 239· Ibid., pp. 22-30. The selection of books for the College Library was to be made by Hart himself or, he failing to make a choice, by the Latin Department. CHAPTER XV 15. Horae Scholasticae [of St. Paul's School, Concord, 1. Interview with Martin W. Clement 'o1, June 11, New Hampshire], May 5, 1917. 1960; interview with Frederick C. Hinkel, Jr., o6, June 16. Trinity College Bulletin, I (July, 1900), p. 91; 9, 1g6o. ibid., III (April-June, 1903), p. 18; Trustees Minutes, z. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 243; Fred­ April 15, 1903. At the time Ferguson suggested that an erick Rudolph, The American College and University, additional man be added to the Faculty to teach Eco­ pp. 443ff.; George Wilson Pierson, Yale College: An Edu­ nomics, one George Ripley Pinkham asked permission of cational History, 1871-1921, pp. 232ff. the Trustees to raise money for a Chair of Economics and 3· Trinity College Bulletin, I, New Series (May, Social Science "on condition that he be appointed Pro­ 1904), p. 19. fessor of said Chair." The Trustees approved the pro­ 4· Trinity College Bulletin, II (April, 1902), p. 45· posal, provided $75,000 be raised within six months. s. Frederick Rudolph, in The American College and Trustees Minutes, November 1, 1902. Professor Fergu­ University ( pp. 395ff.) , points out that although by the son's provision for instruction in Economics was perhaps 18go's a faculty comprised entirely of Ph.D.'s had become made to thwart such an arrangement. At least, Pinkham the ideal, few, if any, colleges were able to secure such a withdrew his offer when the Trustees accepted Fergu­ faculty. son's generosity. Trustees Minutes, April 25, 1903. 6. Interview with Martin W. Clement, June 11, 196o. 17. The Tripod, Inauguration Number, November zg, When Henry Augustus Perkins was appointed Professor 1904; Obituary Notice in Hartford Courant, January 10, of Physics in 1902, the Trustees were under the impres­ 1931; George B. Gilbert, Forty Years a Country Preacher, sion that he, too, was a Ph.D. His name was twice re­ pp. 52-53; Henry A. Perkins, "The Past Half Century," corded in the Trustees Minutes (June 24, 1902) as p. 4; Interview with Victor F. Morgan, '99, June 10, "Henry Augustus Perkins, Ph.D." It turned out that in­ 1g6o. stead of a Ph.D., Perkins held only the M.A. and a degree 18. Austin D. Haight to Joseph Buffington, March z6, in Electrical Engineering. 1940, in Trinity Col[ege Alumni News (May, 1940), p. 7· In 1893, President Harper of the University of Chi­ 15; George B. Gilbert, Forty Years a Country Preacher, cago made a study of the salaries at one hundred colleges p. 51; interview with Arthur Adams, February 15, 1g6o; and found the average to be about $1,470. Ernest Earnest, Trinity College Bulletin, II (October, 1901), p. 24; inter­ Academic Procession, p. 277. Trinity's salary schedule view with Anson T. McCook 'oz, August 9, 1g6o; The was well above the average, but it was doubtless consid­ Trinity Tablet, February 4, 1888; Tfie Trinity Tripod, erably below that of the older Eastern colleges and uni­ January 14, 1927. versities. See above. By 1908, the Carnegie Foundation 19. Interview with Frederick C. Hinkel, Jr., June g, for the Advancement of Education estimated the average 1g6o; interview \o\.ith Arthur Adams, February 15, 196o; salary at one hundred "leading colleges" to be about interview with Jerome P. Webster, February 6, 1963; $z,soo. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 277. George B. Gilbert, Forty Years a Country Preacher, p. 54; 8. The Board of Fellows was particularly concerned Trinity College Bulletin, II (February, 1905), p. 67; The about raising salaries. In 1900, the Fellows proposed that Trinity Tablet, December 1, 1900; H. A. Perkins "The newly-appointed Professors be paid $1,800 and that at Past Half Century," p. 4; The Trinity Tablet, February the end of three years, if the Professor be reappointed, 11, 1902; Trinity College Bulletin, II (April, 1902), p. the salary be raised to $z,ooo. Beyond that point, the Fel­ 43; ibid., II (July, 1902), p. 5· lows suggested that every five years there should be an zo. Interview with Anson T. McCook, August g, 1g6o; increase of $soo until the salary of $3,000 be reached. interview with Edgar F. Waterman, March 30, 196o; Trinity College Bulletin, II (July, 1902), p. 17. See also The Trinity Ivy, 1901, p. 201; Trinity College Bulletin, I Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), p. z8; (December, 1900), p. 147; The Trinity Ivy, 1906, pp. and ibid., III (October, 1902), pp. 108-109. 152, 185; The Trinity Ivy, 1905, p. 109; John A. Mason g. Interview with Martin W. Clement, June 11, 196o; to the author, August 6, 1964. interview with Frederick C. Hinkel, June 9, 1960. 21. Trinity College Bulletin, I (June, 1901), p. 55;

342 N 0 T E S

Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), pp. 53-6o; 40. The Trinity Tripod, November 22, 1904; Catalogue The Trinity Ivy, 1904, p. 170; Austin D. Haight to Joseph of Trinity College, 1903-1904, p. 43· Buffington, March 26, 1940, in Trinity College Alumni 41. The Trinity Tripod, November 15, 1904. News ( May, 1940 ), pp. 15-16; Report of the President of 42. Hartford Daily Courant, September 29, 1900; Trinity College, 1905, p. 1. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), p. 109. 22. Trustees Minutes, June 25, 1901; The Trinity Tab­ 43· The Trustees almost unanimously approved let, October 22, 1901; The Trinity Tripod, May 12, 1905. Luther's brief career in the legislature. In the Presidents 23. Trinity College Bulletin, New Series I (February, Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford, are 1904), PP· 34ff. replies to Luther's queries of June 27, 1908, from W. W . 24. The Trinity Tablet, December 4, 1875. Niles, July 1, 1908; William Hamersley, June 28, 1go8; 25. Frank A. Kelly, Jr., "Trinity in Books," Trinity Col­ W. E. Curtis, June 30, 1go8; Wm. H. Vibbert, June 30, lege Alumni Magazine, II (November, 1960 ), p. 11. 1go8; Sydney George Fisher, June 29, 1908; W. J. Board­ 26. The Trinity Tripod, May 12, 1905; The Trinity man, July 1, 1go8; P. Henry Woodward, June 30, 1908; Tablet, June 1, 1905. The Trinity Tripod issue of May Wm. S. Cogswell, June 29, 1go8; Wm. C. Skinner, Tune 29, 1906, and following carried reprints of several of the 30, 1908; A. S. Murray, Jr., June 30, 1908; F . L. Wilcox, critical reviews of The Mayor of Warwick which ap­ June 29, 1go8; Robert Thorne, July 2, 1908; Henry Fer­ peared in newspapers and journals. Hopkins' novel in­ guson, June 29, 1908; Edgar F. Waterman, June 30, spired a most delightful parody, "The Mystery of War­ 1go8; Joseph Buffington, June 30, 1908; E. B. Hatch, wick," in The Trinity Tablet, June 26, 1906. July 1, 1908. 27. Trinity College Alumni News, No. 13 (Com­ 44· Frederick Rudolph, The American College and mencement, 1942), p. 3; Interview with Frederick C. University, p. 356. Hinkel, Jr., June g, 1g6o; Evelyn Ames, Daughter of the 45· In the spring of 1906, for example, Luther ad­ House (Boston, 1962), pp. 6Ilf.; [Morse S. Allen], dressed the Eastern Connecticut Traders Association in "Henry Augustus Perkins, 1873-1959," Trinity College Willimantic, Connecticut, on "Education for Citizen­ Alumni Magazine, I (November, 1959), p. 8. ship," The Trinity Tripod, May 15, 1906. There is a col­ 28. Trinity College Bulletin, II (June, 1905), p. 2; lection of manuscript addresses of President Luther in Report of the President of Trinity College, June, 19o8, the Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Some p. 16. are sermons, some were informal remarks given before 29. The Trinity Tripod, November 22, 1904; Report alumni groups, and some were speeches given to the of the President of Trinity College, 1905, pp. 1-2; ibid., Hartford Board of Trade, but the common theme, regard­ 1906, p. 7· less of the audience, was "Service." 30. Donald B. Engley, "William N. C. Carlton ( 1873- 46. Baccalaureate Sermon by Flavel S. Luther (Hart- 1943) ," Trinity College Library Gazette, No. 4 (April, ford, 1914), p. 28. 1957), pp. 20-21; Clarence E. Sherman, "I Can Remem­ 47· Hartford Daily Courant, September 27, 1906. ber William N. c .. Carlton," Trinity College Library Ga­ 48. The Trinity Tripod, October 6, 1911. zette, No. 4 (April, 1957 ), pp. 22-23; Elmer N. Hunt, 49· The Trinity Tripod, November 16, 1906. "Amplification Notes on W. N. C. Carlton," Trinity Col­ so. The Trinity Tripod, June 4, 1907. lege Library Gazette, II (December, 1958), pp. 31-33; 51. The Trinity Tripod, May 22, 1908. Trinity College Bulletin, I (April, 1900), p. 117; Trinity 52. The American College and University, pp. 356ff. College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), pp. 86-87, pp. 93, The Political Science Club at Trinity, incidentally, came 151; Trinity College Bulletin, II (April, 1902), p. 27; into being in March, 1913. The Trinity Tripod, March Trinity College Bulletin, III (October, 1902), p. 33· 14, 1913. 31. George Franklin Smythe, Kenyon College: Its First 53· Conversation with Arthur Adams, February 15, Century (New Haven, 1924), p. 231. 1960. 32. The Trinity Tablet, January 25, 18g6; ibid., Feb­ 54. The Trinity Tablet, March 12, 1904; The Trinity ruary 17, 18g6. Tripod, March 24, 1905. 33· Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), p. 55. Report of the President of Trinity College, June, 68. 19o8, pp. 28-29; ibid., June, 1910, p. 6; ibid., July, 1911, 34· E. M. Hunt, "Amplification Notes on W. N. C. P· 5· Carlton," p. 31; George B. Gilbert, Forty Years a Country 56. Trinity College Bulletin, I (February, 1904), p. 38. Preacher, p. so; Interview with Anson T. McCook, Au­ 57· The Trinity Tablet, April 4, 1903; ibid., May 16, gust g, 1960. 1903. 35· Diary of Richard Niles Graham for 1903-1904 58. The Trinity Tripod, October 22, 1905. ( Class of 'os) in Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 59· The Trinity Tripod, December 11, 1905. Hartford, entries of September 27, 1903, October 11, 6o. Religious affiliation for 1904-1905 was Episco­ 1903, November 22, 1903, February 7, 1904, and April palian, 101; Congregationalist, 20; Roman Catholic, g; 17, 1904; Lawson Purdy, "75 Years an Alumnus," Trinity Baptist, 5; Methodist, 4; Presbyterian, 3; and Swedish College Bulletin, LVI (May, 1959), p. 7; Hartford Daily Lutheran, Universalist, and Jewish, 1 each. The Trinity Courant, June 1, 1904. Tablet, February 21, 1905. 36. Trinity College Bulletin, II (February, 1905), p. 61. The Trinity Tablet, June 15, 1905. 65; ibid., II (April, 1902), p . 42; The Trinity Tablet, May 62. The Trinity Tripod, October 30, 1908; ibid., Oc- 18, 1904. tober 8, 1909; ibid., February 26, 1910. 37· George B. Gilbert, Forty Years a Country Preacher, 63. The Trinity Tripod, January 10, 1908. p. so. 64. The Trinity Tripod, May 16, 1913. 38. Hartford Daily Courant, June 1, 1904. 65. After 1910, Trinity Tripod (after September, 1914, 39. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), p. simply The Tripod) reported almost weekly on the af­ 37; ibid., Supplement to Vol. II (April and July, 1902), fairs of the Y.M.C.A., but rarely mentioned the activities p. xxvii. of either the Missionary Society or the Brotherhood.

343 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

66. The Trinity Tripod, October 3, 1911; ibid., Sep­ 107. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and tember 27, 1912. University, p. 371. 67. Report of the President of Trinity College, July, 108. Catalogue of Trinity College, 1912-1913, p. 30. 1913, pp. 7-8. 109. See above. 68. The Trinity Tripod, February 11, 1913. 110. Harry T. Costello, "The Small Urban College," 6g. The Trinity Tripod, January 7, 1913. This was the The Witness, May 12, 1927. result of a religious census conducted in December, 1912. 111. The Trinity Tripod, November 22, 1904. 70. The Tripod, November 11, 1913; The Tripod, 112. F. S. Luther to the Alumni, November 7, 1906, December 8, 1914. Presidents Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 71. The Tripod, February 19, 191s. Hartford. 72. Report of the President of Trinity College, July, 113. The Trinity Tripod, November 9, 1906. 1911, pp. s-6. 114. The Trinity Tripod, October 1, 1907, reported 73· The Trinity Tripod, April 11, 1913; ibid., April 18, that some eastern colleges showed declines in the number 1913; ibid., April 29, 1913; Trustees Minutes, April 26, of students. The Trinity Tripod, November 12, 1907, 1913. stated that Trinity's increase from 1906 to 1907 was 16%, 74· The Trinity Tripod, May 16, 1913. whereas losses were reported by Harvard, Williams, 7S· The Trinity Tripod, June 3, 1913. Colby, Wesleyan, Princeton, University of Vermont, 76. The Tripod, March 30, 191s. and Holy Cross. 77· The Tripod, April 20, 191s. 11s. F. S. Luther to the Alumni, November 7, 1906, 78. The Tripod, May 4, 191s; ibid., May 21, 191s. Presidents Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, 79· The Tripod, October 20, 1916; ibid., March 23, Hartford. 1917. 116. The Trinity Tripod, February 2S, 1910. 8o. The Tripod, October 24, 1916; ibid., November 17, 117. The Trinity Tripod, February 20, 1912. 1916; ibid., January 13, 1917; ibid., January 16, 1917. 118. The Tripod, January 22, 1915. 81. The Trinity Tripod, February 27, 1906. 119. The Tripod, June 22, 1917. 82. The Tripod, November 17, 1916. 120. The Trinity Ivy, various years after 1904. 83. The Tripod, March 30, 191s. 121. Hartford Daily Times, May 2, 1906. 84. The Tripod, January 16, 1917; ibid., January 23, 122. The Trinity Tripod, October 3, 1911. 1917. 123. The Tripod, February 19, 1918. In 1917, mcl­ 8s. The Tripod, November 20, 1917; ibid., December dentally, I.K.A. became a chapter of Delta Phi. The Tri­ 18, 1917. pod, June 22, 1917. 86. The Tripod, April 1, 1919. The Trinity Ivy, 1919, 124. Report of the President of Trinity College, June, was the last to list the Y.M.C.A. as a student activity. 1908, p. 19. The Catalogue of Trinity College, 1919-1920, was the 12S. The Trinity Tripod, December 21, 1909. last to mention either the Y.M.C.A., the Brotherhood of 126. Trinity College Bulletin, New Series, I (February, St: Andrew, or the Missionary Society. 1904), p. 32. 87. The Tripod, February 16, 1917. 127. R. S. Morris, Pigskin Parade at Trinity, pp. 107- 88. The Tripod, February 20, 1917. 141. Gettell is sometimes credited with "inventing" the 8g. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and forward pass. John A. Mason to the author, August 2, University, pp. 371-372. 1964. go. The Tripod, June 2, 191s. In 1949, the Medusa 128. The Trinity Tripod, May 19, 19os. was given broad authority over matters of college tradi­ 129. Trustees Minutes, June 26, 1905. tion and decorum. The Trinity Tripod, March 24, 1964. 130. Trustees Minutes, April2g, 1gos. 91. See above. 131. The Trinity Tripod, October 6, 1gos. 92. The Trinity Tripod, March 26, 1909. 132. The Trinity Tripod, October 10, 19os. The reso­ 93· The Trinity Tripod, March 30, 1909. lution was the subject of a laudatory editorial in the New 94· The Trinity Tripod, May 6, 1910. York Herald. The Trinity Tripod, October 17, 1gos. 95· The Trinity Tripod, November 22, 1912. The 133. Report of the President of Trinity College, June, Sophomores had always tried to crash the banquet, kid­ 19o8, P· 18. nap Freshmen, and otherwise heckle the banqueteers. 134. Report of the President of Trinity College, June, Conversation with Jerome P. Webster, February 3, 1963. 1909, p. 28. g6. The Trinity Tripod, January 17, 1913. 13S· Report of the President of Trinity College, July, 97· See below. 1911, p. 4· g8. The Tripod, September 29, 1914. 136. R. S. Morris, Pigskin Parade at Trinity, pp. 1soff. 99· The Tripod, October 6, 1914. The following paragraphs are also dependent upon this 100. The Tripod, October 9, 1914; ibid., December 1, account. 1914. 137. Report of the Acting President of Trinity College, 101. The Tripod, October 17, 1916; ibid., November October, 1916, p. S· 14, 1916; ibid., Dec. 16, 1916. 138. Ibid., pp. s-6. 102. The Tripod, February 27, 1917, reported so new 139. R. S. Morris, Pigskin Parade at Trinity, p. 1S7· members as the result of President Luther's threat. Wesleyan took issue with the exception of students al­ 103. The honor system as discussed here meant plac­ ready enrolled and announced that athletic relations with ing the students on their honor in the matter of having Trinity were severed. It was not until 1920 that the received no illegal help in examinations and course pa­ Trinity-Wesleyan rivalry was resumed. Ibid. pers. 140. Frederick Rudolph, The American College and 104. The Trinity Tripod, October 12, 1906. University: pp. 446-447. lOS. The Trinity Tripod, November 2, 1906. 141. Ibid., pp. 447-448. 106. The Trinity Tripod, November 19, 1912. 142. Trinity College Bulletin, II (June, 1gos), p. 6.

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143. Report of the President of Trinity College, July, posed that the Library be located to the east, at the site I9I3, p. 8. of Bishop Brownell's statue, and that a new dormitory be 144. The Trinity Tripod, October 20, 1905. erected at the north end of the quadrangle and a physical 145. Trinity College Bulletin, III (June, 1906), p. 7· science building be erected to close the south end. The 146. Report of the Treasurer, July I, I907, p. 4· Trinity Tripod, November 1, 1912. 147. Trustees Minutes, May 26, 1900. 182. Remsen B. Ogilby, "The Buildings at Trinity," 148. Trustees Minutes, June 26, 1900. The Witness, May 12, 1927; The Trinity Tripod, October 149. Mears was then a Professor of Medicine at the 29, 1912; ibid., November 1, 1912. University of Pennsylvania. Catalogus Collegii Sanctis­ 183. Dedication of Williams Memorial [published as simae Trinitatis, MCM, p. 47· Volume XII of the Trinity College Bulletin] (Hartford, 150. Trinity College Bulletin, III (July, 1903), pp. April, 1915), unpaged. 25-26; Trustees Minutes, June 23, 1903. 184. Shortly before his death, Morgan had consented 151. Trustees Minutes, June 20, 1904· to accept the dedication of the Ivy for 1914. The Ivy 152. Trustees Minutes, April 27, 1907. was, therefore, dedicated to his memory. (Edgar F. Wa­ 153. Trustees Minutes, April 27, 1908. terman to Benjamin Wistar Morris, March 12, 1913, in 154. Flavel Sweeten Luther to George Foster Pea­ possession of R. B. O'Connor '16; The Trinity Tripod, body, March 19, 1907, copy in Trustees Minutes, April May 23, 1913) Luther eulogized Morgan in a Chapel 27, 1907. Sermon preached on Sunday, April 6, 1913 (The Trinity 155. George Foster Peabody to Flavel Sweeten Luther, Tripod, April 8, 1913), and when Morgan's body was March 20, 1907, copy in Trustees Minutes, March 20, brought to Hartford for burial in Cedar Hill Cemetery, 1907. Faculty and student body viewed the funeral procession 156. Report of the President of Trinity College, June, from Professor McCook's house on Main Street. (The I9o7, p. 6. Trinity Tripod, April 18, 1913). 157. Report of the Treasurer of Trinity College, July 185. F. S. Luther to La Farge and Morris, October 14, I, I9o8, PP· 3-4· 1913, in possession of R. B. O'Connor. 158. Report of the President of Trinity College, June, 186. Dedication of Williams Memorial. I9o8, p. 17. 187. F. S. Luther to La Far~e and Morris, September 159. An Account of the Raising of Half-a-Million Dol­ 3, 1913, in possession of R. B. 0 Connor. lars for the Further Endowment of Trinity College with 188. Report on Williams Memorial by B. W. Morris, a List of the Subscribers: A.D. I9o8-1909 (Hartford, September 16, 1914, in possession of R. B. O'Connor. 1910), PP· 3-4. 189. Dedication of Williams Memorial. It is possible 16o. Ibid., p. 4· In the Hartford Daily Courant (July that Morris' second suggestion was prompted by Presi­ 1, 1909) McCook made an appeal to the non-Episco­ dent Luther's proposal, made in the summer of 1913, palians of the Hartford community. He pointed out that that a new dormitory be constructed either to the east of only one-fourth of the Faculty were then Episcopalians, the new Library or outside "the proper quadrangle ar­ that there were as many Congregationalist professors as rangement" in case it should be necessary to erect a Episcopalian, and that there were eight religious bodies building "of cheaper construction." Report of the Presi­ represented on the Trinity teaching staff. dent of Trinity College, July, 1913. 161. An Account of the Raising of Half-a-Million Dol- 190. Report of the Treasurer of Trinity College, July lars, pp. 4-5. I, 1913, P· 25; ibid., July I, I914, P· 25. 162. Ibid., p. 3· 191. The Trinity Tripod, May 6, 1913. 163. The Trinity Tripod, February 25, 1910. 192. Trustees Minutes, June 23, 1914. 164. The Trinity Tripod, May 4, 1910. 193. Ibid. 165. The Trinity Tripod, June 24, 1910. 194. Trustees Minutes, October 31, 1914. 166. Ibid. 195. Report of the Treasurer of Trinity College, July 167. Trustees Minutes, April29, 1911. I, 19IS, P· 4· 168. Trustees Minutes, October 29, 1910. 196. Flavel Sweeten Luther to the Trustees of Trinity 16g. Report of the Treasurer of Trinity College, July College, June 18, 1915, in Trustees Minutes, June 21, 1, I9ll, p. 29; ibid. for I9I2, p. 26; Trustees Minutes, 1915. October 28, 19ll. 197. Trustees Minutes, June 21, 1915. 170. Hartford Daily Courant, July 1, 1909. 198. The Tripod, October 6, 1916. 171. Trustees Minutes, October 28, 19ll. 199. Committee Report of March 16, 1916, in Trustees 172. An Account of the Raising of Half-a-Million Dol­ Minutes, March 18, 1916. lars, p. 25. 200. MS. of address in Luther Papers, Trinity Collec­ 173. Interview with Anson T. McCook, August 9, 1960. tion, Trinity College, Hartford. 174. Herbert L. Satterlee, J. Pierpont Morgan: An 201. The legacies were the Sarah M. Ferguson Fund Intimate Portrait (New York, 1939), p. 554· of $s,ooo, the George F. Goodman Fund of $s,ooo, the 175. Trustees Minutes, June 27, 1899. James J. Goodwin Fund of $5o,ooo, and the Mary Van 176. Trinity College Bulletin, I (December, 1900), Nest Jackson Fund of $10,000. Report of the Treasurer PP· ISD-151; ibid., II (June, 1901), P· s8. of Trinity College, July I, I9I6, p. 3· 177. The Trinity Tablet, February 19, 1897. 202. Trustees Minutes, April 29, 1916; ibid., June 3, 178. The Trinity Tablet, March u, 1899. 1916. 179. Program for Breaking of Ground for the Building 203. This was actually Vol. XIII, No. 3 of the Trinity for the Department of Natural History, Wednesday;June College Bulletin. 27, 1899, in Brainard Collection, VIII, Trinity Collection, 204. Trustees Minutes, June 17, 1916. Trinity College, Hartford. 205. The Tripod, November 24, 1916; ibid., December 180. The Trinity Ivy, I90I, pp. 186--192. 12, 1916. 181. Walter B. Briggs, the Trinity Librarian, pro- 206. The Tripod, January 9, 1917.

345 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

207. Report of the President of Trinity College, Octo­ 250. Ibid., pp. 3-6. ber, 1917, p. 4· 251. Robert S. Morris, Pigskin Parade at Trinity, pp. 208. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 251. 166-170. 209. The Tripod, October 6, 1916; ibid., October 13, 252. Hartford Times, February 8, 1920. 1916. 253. Ibid. 210. In 1go6, he told a reporter from the New York 254. The Tripod, January 31, 1920. Herald that he believed military training to be a useful 255. Communication from student body of the College form of physical exercise. He also stated at that time through the student members of the Council, dated that he felt that the students at Trinity would probably January 23, 1920, letter to J. H. K. Davis in Minutes of oppose the introduction of military training. New York the General Advisory Committee on the State of the Col­ Herald, April1, 1906. lege, January 23, 1920. MS. in Trinity Collection, Trinity 211. The Tripod, October 6, 1916. College, Hartford. 212. The Tripod, November 14, 1916. 256. Hartford Times, February 5, 1920. 213. The Tripod, November 17, 1916. 257. Ibid. 214. The Tripod, November 21, 1917. 258. Ibid. 215. The Students' Army Training Corps at Trinity 259. Ibid. College [Vol. XVI, new series, No. 1, of the Trinity Col­ 200. The Tripod, January 21, 1920. lege Bulletin], p. 3· 261. Minutes of the General Advisory Committee on 216. The Tripod, March 27, 1917. There were three in the State of the College, January 23, 1920; ibid., April March: a Junior, a Senior, and a graduate student. 19, 1920. 217. Tfie Tripod, April 20, 1917. 262. Trustees Minutes, April 24, 1920. 218. The Tripod, April24, 1917. 263. D. G. Brinton Thompson, "Edward Frank Hum­ 219. The Tripod, May 11, 1917. phrey," Trinity College Bulletin, XLV (May, 1948), p. 7· 220. The Tripod, May 1, 1917. 264. Report of the Acting President, October, 1920, 221. The Tripod, April 16, 1918. The Tripod became p. 7· a weekly at that time. Previously it had been published 265. Trustees Minutes, April 24, 1920. twice each week. 266. The Tripod, June 4, 1920; ibid., June 30, 1920. 222. The Tripod, January 8, 1918; ibid., January 15, 1918. CHAPTER XVI 223. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 251. 1. Philip Curtiss to the Editor of The Tripod ( n.d.), 224. Trustees Minutes, April 27, 1918. The Tripod, March 16, 1920. 225. Walter Loring Barrows, Professor of Geology. 2. Charles W. Bowman to the Editor of The Tripod, 226. Trustees Minutes, April 29, 1918. May 15, 1920, The Tripod, June 30, 1920. 227. Trustees Minutes, June 14, 1918. 3· Interview with Robert B. O'Connor '16, June 14, 228. Trustees Minutes, April 27, 1918. 1900. 229. Trustees Minutes, June 14, 1918. 4· [J. Bard McNulty] In Memory of the Rev. Dr. Rem­ 230. Trustees Minutes, October 26, 1918. sen Brinckerhoff Ogilby, issued as the November, 1943, 231. The Tripod, January 22, 1918. Trinity College Alumni News, unpaged; obituary notice 232. The Tripod, May 21, 1918. in New York Times, August 8, 1943. 233. Commencement at Trinity College, Hartford, 5. Ogilby said many times to R. B. O'Connor that he Connecticut, June 16, 17, 1918 [n.p., n.d.], pp. 3-15. came to Trinity with the specific understanding that he 234. The Tripod, October 8, 1918. would not have to raise money. R. B. O'Connor to Owen 235. Except that the War Department permitted reg­ Morgan, March 11, 1942, in possession of R. B. O'Connor. ular business meetings of the Societies so as to perpetu­ I have been advised by F. C. Hinkel, Jr., 'o6 (interview ate them. The Tripod, October 29, 1918. The restriction of June g, 1960) that it was widely known that such an was lifted shortly after the Armistice of November, 1918. agreement had been made. The Tripod, November 19, 1918. 6. Statement by President Ogilby in The Tripod, Sep­ 236. The Tripod, November 12, 1918. tember 28, 1920. 237. The Tripod, November 26, 1918. 7· "Address of the Rt. Rev. Chauncey B. Brewster, 238. The Tripod, January 7, 1919. D .D., on Behalf of the Trustees," Trinity College Bul­ 239· The Students' Army Training Corps at Trinity letin, Inauguration Number, XVIII (April, 1921 ), pp. College, pp. 9-10. 13-14. 240. Ernest Earnest, Academic Procession, p. 252. 8. "Address of Welcome by the Rev. Professor John 241. The Tripod, January 14, 1919. James McCook, D .D., LL.D., for the Faculty," ibid., 242. The Tripod, February 18, 1919. pp. 15-16. 243. The Tripod, March 25, 1919. g. "Inaugural Address of the Reverend President Rem- 244- Flavel S. Luther to the Board of Trustees, De- sen Brinckerhoff Ogilby, M.A., B.D.," ibid., pp. 25-26. cember 7, 1918, in Trustees Minutes, December 7, 1918. 10. Ibid., p. 27. 245. Trustees Minutes, January 18, 1919. 11. Ibid., pp. 30-31. 246. The Tripod, April 29, 1919. 12. Ibid., pp. 31-32. 247. R. McClelland Brady to Robert William Curtis, 13. The Tripod, December 7, 1920; ibid., December October g, 1929, Luther Papers, Trinity Collection, 11, 1920; ibid., January 18, 1921. Trinity College, Hartford. 14. The Tripod, April g, 1921. 248. Evelyn Ames, Daughter of the House (Boston 15. The Tripod, Aprilg, 1921. and Cambridge, Mass., 1962), p. 110. 16. The Tripod, April 26, 1921. 249. Report of the Acting President of Trinity College, 17. The Tripod, May 3, 1921. October 20, 1920, p. 3· 18. In Memory of the Rev. Dr. Remsen Brinckerhoff N 0 T E S

Ogilhy, unpaged. Because of his firm jaw and red hair, of the Alumni in the fashion of Sibley's Harvard Gradu­ Ogilby was affectionately known to the students as "Red ates (Interview with Edgar F. Waterman, March 29, Mike." New York Times, August 8, 1943. Ig6o). 19. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 192o-1921), p. 39· 45· The text of this historical address filled eight col­ 20. "Versatile Geologist Edward L. Troxell . . .," umns of the four-page issue of The Tripod, November Trinity College Bulletin, Ll (March, 1954), p. 10. Actu­ 8, I922. ally, the recommendation that a Dean be appointed was 46. "Inaugural Address of the Reverend President one of the last made by F. S. Luther (Trustees Minutes, Remsen Brinckerhoff Ogilby, M.A., B.D.," Trinity College June 25, 1919). In October, 19I9, the Trustees voted to Bulletin, XVIII (April, I92I), p. 24. appoint a Dean as soon as funds would permit ( ibid., 47· Trustees Minutes, June I3, I925. October 25, I9I9). 48. Remsen B. Ogilby, "The Buildings at Trinity," 21. In Memory of the Rev. Dr. Remsen Brinckerhoff The Witness, May I2, I927. Greenley was retained by Ogilby, unpaged. the College as "Consulting Architect." Report of the 22. Report of the President of Trinity College, Octo­ President of Trinity College, November 1, 1926, p. 4· ber, 1923, pp. 7-8. 49· The Tripod, May 19, I923. 23. "Whitsunday Sermon, May 16, I948, in Trinity so. The Tripod, June g, I923. College Chapel by the Rev. Francis Bunnell Creamer," 51. The Tripod, May 26, I923. in TTie One Hundred Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the 52. The Tripod, June IO, I923; ibid., Monday, June Chartering of the College (Hartford, I948), p. 31. 11, I923; programs in possession of the author and in 24. Robert Leyburne Patterson, "The Secularization Morse Allen Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, of Two Anglican Colleges," Institute for Christian Learn­ Hartford. ing Papers and Studies, No.3 ( I959), p. 25. 53. Report of the President of Trinity College, October 25. Albert E. VanDusen, Connecticut, p. 279. 1 , 1923, passim. 26. Robert St. John, This Was My World (Garden 54· Trustees Minutes, June I6, I922. City, New York, 1953), pp. 84-85. 55· The Tripod, November 3, 1923; ibid., November 27. Hartford Times, June 22, I92L 10, I923. zB. A. E. VanDusen, Connecticut, p. z8o. s6. Trustees Minutes, December I, I923. zg. Thomas A. Bailey, A Diplomatic History of the 57· Trustees Minutes, June I2, 1925. American People (New York, I945), pp. 66o-661. 58. See above. 30. The Tripod, July 5, I92L 59· Trustees Minutes, October 25, 1919. 31. Report of the President of Trinity College, October 6o. Robert M. Vogel, "It Happened So Fast," Trinity 1, 1923, p. 3· College Bulletin, LIV (November, I957L p. 6; Hartford 32. See above. Courant, February 1, 1931. 33· The requirement that all students reside on campus 61. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 1923-I924), p. 23. was unenforceable, and it was soon eliminated. Trustees 62. Ibid. , I925-1926, p. 24. Minutes, June I7, I921. 63. The Tripod, October 20, 1923. 34· Robert St. John, This Was My World, pp. 76-77. 64. The Tripod, January 26, 1924. 35· Trustees Minutes, June I7, I92L 65. The Tripod, November 3, I923. 36. Trustees Minutes, June I6, I922. 66. The Tripod, February 2, I924. The Tripod sup­ 37· Ibid. ported the "Bigger Trinity" plan in a full-column editorial. 38. Trustees Minutes, October 28, I922. The Tripod, March 1, 1924. 39· The Tripod, November 2I, I922. 67. Excerpts from remarks made by C. B. F. Brill 'Ig 40. Trustees Minutes, June I7, I922. at the goth Anniversary celebration of the Epsilon Chap­ 41. Trustees Minutes, October 28, I922. ter of Delta Psi, April Ig, I94L Typescript in possession 42. Trustees Minutes, June I8, I92L of the author supplied by John A. Mason. 43· The Tripod, June 11, I923. 68. Memorandum from Martin W. Clement to John A. 44· Earlier, there had been two abortive attempts to Mason, July 5, I957, typescript in possession of the prepare a College History. In I884, the Alumni Associa­ author. tion voted to expend $25 annually for the purpose. (The 6g. Phi Gamma Delta had disbanded in I922. Trustees Trinity Tablet, July 2, I884.) J. H. Barbour, the Li­ Minutes, December I, I923. brarian, was appointed editor-in-chief. Authors of the 70. Excerpt from remarks made by C. B. F. Brill. several chapters were to receive $10.00 per chapter. Few 71. M. W. Clement to John A. Mason, July 5, I957· of the chapters were completed, and Barbour put the 72. Excerpt from remarks made by C. B. F. Brill. correspondence and the few completed pages in an enve­ 73· Ibid. lope which he labeled "College History Data." W. N. C. 74· M. W. Clement to J. A. Mason, July 5, I957· Carleton later added a personal note: "The Record of a 75· Ibid. Pathetic Failure, W. N. C. C." The envelope is in the 76. Ibid. Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. In I9I2, 77· M. W. Clement to J. A. Mason, July 5, ;t957· the Treasurer of the College, E. F. Waterman, wrote to 78. Ibid. all Alumni: "We are endeavoring to collect all available 79· Conversation with R. B. O'Connor, June I4, Ig6o. biographical data concerning our alumni, former presi­ 8o. Excerpts from remarks by C. B. F. Brill. dents, members of the faculty, etc., with a view to pub­ 81. Report of the Inter-Fraternity Committee to the lishing them eventually in book form, as has been already President, Trustees, and Fellows of Trinity College, done by many colleges." (Treasurer to various Alumni, mimeographed copy in Inter-Fraternity Committee Files, March I8, I9I2, copies in Alumni Files, Trinity College, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford. Hartford.) Waterman did not intend to write a full-scale 82. In I927, Ogilby had suggested that perhaps a College History. His plan was to do biographical sketches local junior college, operated in connection with the Hart-

347 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E ford Public School System, might relieve the pressures 104. Report of the President of Trinity College, No­ upon the College. Report of the President of Trinity Col­ vember 1, 1g3q, pp. 8-g. lege, December 1, 1927, pp. 6-7. 105. The Hartford Times, July 30, 1g64. On luly 2g, 83. Report of the President of Trinity College, Decem­ 1964, an inscription was placed on the Chape Tower ber 1, 1928, pp. 7-9. door-commemorating the founding of the Guild. 84. Report of the President of Tri11ity College, No- 106. Interview with Vernon K. Krieble, February 6, vember 1, 1930, pp. 11-13. 1961. 85. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 1929-30), p. 26. 107. Ibid. 86. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 193o-31), p. 26. 108. A[lbert] E. H[olland] '34, "The Age of Martin 87. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 1931-32), p. 10g. Withington Clement 'o1," Trinity College A1umni Maga­ 88. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 1932-33 ), p. 112. zine, V (January, 1g64), p. 16. 8g. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 1933-34) , p. 114. 10g. Report of the President of Trinity College, Octo­ go. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 1934-35 ), p. 115. ber, 1934, p. g. g1. Catalogue of Trinity College ( 1936-37), p. 121. 110. A. E. H[olland], "The Age of Martin Withington g2. Martin W. Clement to J. A. Mason, July 5, 1957. Clement 'o1," pp. 16-17. 93. Report of the President of Trinity College, October, 111. Trinity College Alumni Magazine, V (January, 1934, p. 7· 1964), p. 19. g4. Excerpts from remarks made by C. B. F. Brill. 112. Report of the President of Trinity College, Octo­ 95· Report of the Dean of Trinity College, October, ber, 1935, p. 11. 1934, p. 15 (Report dated November 15, 1g34); Report 113. "Here We Build," Trinity College Alumni News of the Dean of Trinity College, October, 1935, p. 24; Re­ (January, 1940), pp. 6-g. port of the President of Trinity College, October, 1936, 114. "The New . Dormitory," Trinity College Alumni p. 7; Report of the Dean of Trinity College, October, News (September, 1940), p. 8. 1937, p. 19. (Report dated November 25, 1937). 115. "Another Dormitory," Trinity College Alumni g6. These developments can be followed in the Report News ( December, 1g4o), p. 2; Martin W. Clement to of the President of Trinity College and the Report of the John A. Mason, July 5, 1957. Dean of Trinity College for the years following 1928. 116. For a tabular summary see the Report of the 97· See the Report of the Treasurer of Trinity College Treasurer of Trinity College, October, 1938, p. 3· The for these years. first deficit was for $5,750.58 in 1938-3g. Ibid., p. 11. g8. "For Twenty Years," Trinity College Alumni News 117. See the President's Reports for the decade of the (May, 1940), p. 3· 193o's. gg. By 1937, the productive funds had grown to 118. R. B. Ogilby to the Members of the faculty of $3,278,153·g8· Report of the Treasurer of Trinity Col­ Trinity College, December 16, 1940, in Morse S. Allen lege, 1937, p. 6. Papers, Trinity Collection, Trinity College, Hartford; 100. Report of the President of Trinity College, Octo­ Morse S. Allen to the Members of the FacUlty of Trinity ber, 1935, p. 13. College, January 2, 1g4o, in ibid. 101. The Chapel of Trinity College (Hartford, 1g51), ug. William 0. Aydelotte et al. to the Members of the P· 5- Faculty of Trinity College, April 23, 1g40, in ibid. 102. Ibid., passim. 120. Arthur H. Hughes has compiled a list of Trinity 103. Ibid., p. 57· The Chronicle, a Low Church publi­ graduates who received doctorates since 1920. Report of cation, was shocked that the Bishops wore copes and the Dean of Trinity College for the Academic Year miters, made the sign of the cross, that a crucifix was 1961-1962, pp. 8-24. carried in f.rocession, and that incense was used (XXXII 121. Report of the Dean of Trinity College, October, [July,l932, pp. 244-245). 1940, p. 20; ibid., October, 1941, pp. 24-25. Appendix A

CHAPTER HEADING ILLUSTRATIONS

CHAPTER: CHAPTER: I The Charter Oak Pew-End was given by the lion of St. Mark. On the arm-piece is the descendants of Captain Joseph Wads­ the Trinity mascot, a bantam rooster, and worth, who carried off the Royal Charter. on the panel a bas-relief of the first Trinity The panel shows Captain Wadsworth on College Chapel, according to College tra­ tiptoe about to place the Charter in the oak dition, designed by S. F. B. Morse, inventor while the oblivious rabbit in the fore­ of the telegraph. At the top of the panel is ground is a silent tribute to the Captain's the Pomfret School shield, designed by stealthy tread. On the arm, with an over­ Mrs. Olmsted. turned candlestick on the table before him, IV Misericord Seat showing a college janitor. is shown Governor Andros in a towering V Misericord Seat showing a student of rage at the theft of the Charter. Below the mathematics. table are carved some oak leaves, with VI The gift of the Reverend Godfrey Brinley what may be acorns, or possibly wooden '88, this pew-end was presented in 1933, nutmegs. The finial at the top is the British the one hundredth anniversary of the Ox­ coat-of-arms. ford Movement. Newman, Keble and II The Washington Pew-End was given by Pusey are seen conversing in the quad of the class of 1932 at graduation time in the Oriel College, with the arms of Oriel and Washington Bi-centennial year. The panel of the Oxford University on a shield above. represents Washington stopping on one of The arm presents Bishop Hobart. his trips through Connecticut to greet his VII The finial is Henry VIII, founder of Trinity friend, Jonathan Trumbull, "Brother Jona­ College, Cambridge. On the arm is the than," in front of the little store at Lebanon British Lion, crowned and holding a shield which was kept by Trumbull for many bearing Henry's arms, carved after the fin­ years. The finial is in the form of an Amer­ ial of the famous Trinity fountain. The ican eagle, whose scornful eye is turned main panel shows Trinity, Cambridge, with toward the British coat-of-arms across the a small figure of Isaac Newton, a Trinity aisle, while on the arm-piece is a Conti­ Cambridge graduate, watching the famous nental soldier on guard. Below the soldier apple fall from a tree as he discovers the is a little fox head; it is not generally known Law of Gravity. Beneath is the seal of that that in the British army during the Revolu­ College, of which the donor, Lucius James tion Washington was known as "the old Knowles, was a member. fox." VIII A tribute to gardens and gardeners, the fin­ III This end was given by graduates of Pom­ ial shows the Civil War Memorial Arch, fret School in tribute to their headmaster familiar landmark of Bushnell Park in from 1897-1931, the Reverend William B. downtown Hartford. The main panel de­ Olmsted, Trinity '87. Since he went to picts the original Garden or Park, still un­ Pomfret from St. Mark's School, we note fallen, as is evident from the fact that the

349 T H E HISTORY 0 F TRINITY C 0 L L E G E

CHAPTER: CHAPTER: serpent still has his legs. St. Abelard, Pa­ was a gift to the College from the alumni tron of Gardeners, is on the arm, while be­ of St. Mark's School and Trinity College. low is the Hower, Poeticus. The pew-end's finial, or top-most part, is IX This kneeler-end was given by members of a carving of the winged lion of St. Mark. the class · of 1941 in memory of Edward The base, upon which the lion is standing, Foster Chapman, who died early in his contains the School motto, "Age Quod freshman year. It represents the youthful Agis," or freely translated, "Whatever you scholarship of the Venerable Bede. do, do well." X This pew-end was given in tribute to the Beneath the lion are two panels. One Police Department of Hartford. The police shows St. Mark preaching in Rome; the parade is seen walking down the street, other contains two foreground figures, the while on the arm-piece is an old-fashioned late Dr. William G. Thayer, headmaster of "cop" cautioning a little boy. Above is the the School from 1896 to 1930, and his wife. patron saint of the Police Department, the The arm-rest figure represents the late centurion who said to the Master, "I say to William W. Barber, a Trinity graduate of this man 'Go' and he goeth, and to that 1888, who subsequently joined the St. man 'Come' and he cometh." Mark's faculty and became nationally XI This second "workmen's" kneeler-end known as a teacher of Greek. He is shown shows St. Joseph, the patron saint of the holding a book, the pages of which show, carpenters who worked on the Chapel; the symbolically, the first four letters of the little figure kneeling is a mason, to repre­ Greek alphabet. sent the most important craft in the build­ The upper arm-rest panel shows St. ing. Originally intended to honor the build­ Peter dictating the Gospel of St. Mark and ers of the present Chapel, its use here in the lower one are the seals of St. Mark's honors the builders of Seabury and Jarvis and Trinity. Halls. XV This pew-end, with the wooden cross on XII In memory of the Class of 1896, the foot­ top, was given by members of the class of ball referee on the finiai is William Lang­ 1897 on the occasion of their fortieth anni­ ford '96 in his time one of the greatest versary, in memory of two classmates, authorities on football. The Owl on the W. S. Danker and H. S. Hayward, who arm-piece recalls the '96 delegation of Psi were killed in World War I. Danker, a Upsilon, while the baseball player below chaplain, is shown on the arm-piece portrays the donor's teammates of that preaching to his men, while on the panel year. Whimsically, the wood-carver de­ he is ministering to the wounded. Below, picted the player as a left-handed pitcher. Hayward is leading a file of his men for­ The main panel depicts the Rape of the ward into the front-line trenches through Lemon-Squeezer. a ruined village. XIII Given by the class of 1940 in tribute to XVI This pew-end was given in memory of the their classmate, Philip McCook, who was late Dr. Ogilby. On the finial are the killed in an automobile accident in his sen­ Ogilby Arms. The arm-piece represents Dr. ior year. His grandfather, the Reverend Ogilby granting a diploma at Commence­ John J. McCook '63 for forty years a pro­ ment. The main panel shows the Chapel, fessor at Trinity, is represented conducting which in so many ways is "his building," a service. while below are the seals of his schools, XIV The St. Mark's School pew-end, hand­ Roxbury Latin, Harvard, and Trinity. somely carved with six different scenes,

350 Appendix B

PRESIDENTS OF THE COLLEGE

Thomas Church Brownell 1824-1831 Flavel Sweeten Luther Nathaniel Sheldon Wheaton 1831-1837 Henry Augustus Perkins, Silas Totten 1837-1848 Acting President 1915-1916 John Williams 1848-1853 1919--1920 Daniel Raynes Goodwin 1853-186o Remsen Brinckerhoff Ogilby 1920-1943 Samuel Eliot 186o--1864 Arthur Howard Hughes, John Barrett Kerfoot 1864-1866 Acting President 1943-1945 John Brocklesby, Acting President 1866-1867 George Keith Funston 1945-1951 Abner Jackson 1867-1874 Arthur Howard Hughes, Thomas Ruggles Pynchon 1874-1883 Acting President 1951-1953 George Williamson Smith 1883-1904 Albert Charles Jacobs 1953-

;

351 Appendix C

ALUMNI TRUSTEES

Term of Term of office Cla.ss office Cla.ss 1883-1886 Rev. Thomas Gallaudet 1842 1929--1935 Richardson Wright 1910 1883-1885 Luke A. Lockwood 1855 193o-1933 James A. Wales 1901 1883-1884 E. Winslow Williams 1853 1931-1933 Hill Burgwin 1906 1884-1887 E. Winslow Williams 1853 1933-1939 A. Northey Jones 1917 1885-1891 Luke A. Lockwood 1885 1933-1937 Bern Budd 1go8 1886-1889 William E. Curtis 1875 1935-1938 S. St. John Morgan 1903 1887-1896 William A. M. Wainwright 1864 1937-1943 Sydney D. Pinney 1918 188g-1895 Robert H. Coleman 1877 1938-1940 Charles F. Weed 1894 1891-1894 Charles D. Scudder 1875 1939--1945 Jerome P. Webster 1910 1894-1897 JohnS. Smith 1863 1941-1947 Robert S. Morris 1916 1895-1903 Sydney G. Fischer 1879 1943-1949 Lispenard B. Phister 1918 1896-1902 William S. Cogswell 1861 1945-1951 George C. Capen 1910 1897-1900 Robert Thorne 1885 1947-1953 Harold L. Smith 1923 190o-1918 Joseph Buffington 1875 1949--1955 Ronald E. Kinney 1915 1902-1917 Robert Thorne 1885 1951-1956 HenryS. Beers 1918 1903-1910 Frederick E. Haight 1887 1953-1956 Hugh S. Campbell 1932 191o-1913 Charles C. Barton 186g 1955-1958 George M. Ferris 1916 1913-1917 Rev. Samuel Hart 1866 1956-1g62 Harmon T. Barber 1919 1917-1926 William S. Hubbard 1888 1957-1g62 Barclay Shaw 1935 1917-1922 E. Kent Hubbard 1892 1958-1964 Paul W. Adams 1935 1918-1924 William H. Eaton 1899 1962- Charles T. Kingston, Jr. 1934 1922-1928 Irenus K. Hamilton Jr. 1891 1962- Harris K. Prior 1932 1924-1930 J. H. Kelso Davis 1899 1964- Theodore D. Lockwood 1948 1926-1927 Henry C. Black 188o 1965- Herbert R. Bland 1940 1927-1929 Owen Morgan 1906 1966- George W. B. Starkey 1930 1928-1931 Lewis G. Harriman 1909

352 Appendix D

PRESIDENTS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

1831-1845 ALuMNI AssociATION T erm of T erm of office Class office Class 1831-1833 Isaac E. Crary 1827 1839--1841 Rev. John Williams 1835 1833-1835 Rev. Samuel Starr 1829 1841-1843 Rev. Abner Jackson 1837 1835-1837 Isaac N. Steele 18z8 1843-1845 Rev. Joseph Scott 1827 1837-1839 Rev. Eben E. Beardsley 1832 1845-1847 Pliny A. Jewett 1837

1845-1883 HousE OF CoNVOCATION Dean: 1845-1848 Rev. Jacob L. Clark 1831 1866-1868 Rev. David H. Short 1833 1848-1852 Duncan L. Stewart 1845 1868-1870 Rev. Levi B. Stimson 1848 1852-1854 Rev. William Watson 1841 187o-1876 Rt. Rev. John A. Paddock 1845 1854-1858 Pliny A. Jewett 1837 1876-1882 Rev. George M. Hills 1847 1858-1864 Rev. Thomas Callaudet 1842 1882-1883 Rev. Thomas Callaudet 1842 186\:j.-1866 Rev. Henry Olmstead 1842

1883- ALUMNI AssociATION 1883-1886 William A. M. Wainwright 1864 1928-1930 Anson T. McCook 1902 1886-1888 William S. Cogswell 1861 193o-1932 Robert B. O'Connor 1916 1888-18g2 John H. S. Quick 1858 1932-1934 A. Northey Jones 1917 1892-1894 Rev. Brady E. Backus 1870 1934-1936 Adrian H. Onderdonk 1899 1894-1896 Percy S. Bryant 1870 1936-1938 George C. Capen 1910 1896-18g8 Rev. Henry M. Barbour 1870 1938-1940 Frederick C. Hinkel 1go6 18g8-1900 William C. Skinner 1876 194o-1942 Robert S. Morris 1916 1goo-1902 George L. Cooke 1870 1942-1946 Eliot L. Ward 1913 1902-1904 Frederick E. Haight 1887 1946--1948 Alex W. Creedon 1909 1904-1906 Frank L. Wilcox 188o 1948-1950 John R. Reitemeyer 1921 1906-1go8 WalterS. Schutz 1894 195o-1952 Hugh S. Campbell 1932 1go8-1910 Lawson Purdy 1884 1952-1954 Harmon T. Barber 1919 191o-1912 George D. Howell 1882 1954-1956 Russell Z. Johnston 1916 1912-1914 Rev. James Goodwin 1886 1956--1958 Barclay Shaw 1935 1914-1916 Robert H. Schutz 1889 1958-1900 Charles T. Kingston Jr. 1934 1916-1920 Jacob H. Greene 18g1 196o-1g62 Clover Johnson 1922 192o-1922 Philip J. McCook 1895 1962-1964 Herbert R. Bland 1940 1922-1926 Joseph Buffington 1875 1964-1966 Seymour E. Smith 1934 1926-1928 William C. Wherry 1904 1966- Andrew Onderdonk 1934

353