Bibliothéque de la Ville Coordinator: Philipp Rodriguez Rue du Progrès 33 Th.Kocher-Strasse 3 CH-2305 La Chaux-de-Fonds CH-2502 Biel/Bienne www.service-civil-international.org
[email protected] SCI's HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT (Working paper from the report of the seminar: DEVELOPING DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION: SOLIDARITY WORK AND VOLUNTEER EXCHANGE". held in Bemburg - Northern Ireland - from 5 till 9 April 1987) (NB: A number of Ralph's significative comments have been added to the working paper.) Introduction This is a modest attempt to review SCI's history, its principles and its, in so many ways fascinating adaptation of practical activities to "needs of the time". It may be helpful to first throw a glimpse at the situation as it prevailed in Europe in the twenties: in the year after World-War-1st. All countries were in economic crisis, had shattered currencies and went through considerable political and cultural unrest. There was a widespread craze for speculations of all kind, leading in October 1929 to a crash at the New York stock exchange, followed by a general economic collapse with an unemployment rate of hitherto unknown dimensions: at that time without any State unemployment compensation. This meant horrible hardship for millions of workers, employees, workshop owners and shopkeepers. It also meant frantic attempts towards national self-sufficiency, full of hatred for anything so- called foreign, although exactly such chauvinistic attitudes had 15 years earlier let to the First World War and its consequences and with all its misery! As usual in such situations, a majority of people in nearly all-European countries was frustrated.